Objective To observe the expression of pannexin1(PX1) in the dorsal horn of spinal cord in model ratwith neu-ropathipain afteselective ligation of sciatinerve branche.Method50 male SD ratwere randomly divided into 3 group,inclu-ding the control group(Wgroup ,n= 10) ,sham operation group(sham group ,n= 10) and sciatinerve branch selective injury group(SNI group ,n=30) .30 ratwere killed on postoperative 3 ,5 ,7 ,14 d and the lumbasegmenof the spinal cord wataken fodetecting the expression of PX1 by using Western blo.Othe20 ratwere killed on 7 d afteSNI and the expression of glial fibril-lary acidiprotein(GFAP) in the spinal cord wadetected with immunohistology .Among them ,10 ratin the SNI group were trea-ted with intrathecal intubation before operation and administrated with saline 20 μL ocarbenoxolone(CBX) 20 μL by intrathecal injection on postoperative 7 d fodetermining the expression of GFAP by the immunohistology .ResultThe expression of PX1 in the SNI group waincreased and enhanced with time ,which wasignificantly highethan thain the Wgroup and the sham group (P＜0 .05);the GFAP expression on 7 d in the SNI group waobviously increased compared with the Wgroup and the sham group(P＜0 .05);afteintrathecal injection of CBX ,the expression of GFAP wasignificantly decreased compared with thain the normal saline group(P＜0 .05) .No statistically significandifferencein the expression of PX1 and GFAP were found in the Wgroup and the sham group .Conclusion PX1 may be involved in the activation of astrocyte,prompting thaPX1 playan importanrole in the neuropathipain caused by the peripheral nervel injury .

Objective To study the effect of lower limb muscle strength on balance.Methods One hun- dred eighty elderly subjects were divided into six groups by sex and muscle strength level.There were low,moderate and high muscle strength groups for males and females.The static standing balance of these subjects was performed u- sing a PH-A computerized stabilometer with their eyes open and closed.Sway index,covered area,rectangle-area, length and length/area of the destabilizing locui were assessed.Results When standing with the eyes either open or closed,sagittal and lateral sway index,covered area and rectangle-area were significantly larger in the lowest mus- cle strength groups when compared with the others.Length/area was also significantly less.There was no significant difference between the moderate muscle strength group and the highest strength group.Conclusion Lower limb strength affects balance.

Objective To observe the effect of exposure of emphysema with intermittent hypoxia on oxidative stress injury of myocardial cells in rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups(each n=15). The normal control group was bred normally. The emphysema group was exposed to cigarette smoke twice a day(once 30 minutes). The intermittent hypoxia(IH)group was exposed to intermittent hypoxia circumstance 8 hours/day,and the emphysema with IH group was exposed to cigarette smoke twice a day (once 30 minutes)and intermittent hypoxia circumstance 8 hours/day. Each group was exposed for 8 weeks. At the beginning of 9 weeks,the blood gas analysis was performed in 5 rats selected randomly from each group,and the rest rats were sacrificed and their hearts and lungs were taken. Under light microscope,the lung tissues stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)were examined. The lung pathology and the results of blood gas analysis showed that the emphysema with IH rat model was established successfully. The levels of malonaldehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in rat myocardium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the subunit p22phox mRNA expressions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-oxidase were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Compared with the normal group, the MDA levels and p22phox mRNA expressions were increased obviously in emphysema group, IH group and emphysema with IH group〔MDA(μmol/g):2.93±0.54, 3.58±0.63, 4.51±0.72 vs. 1.75±0.56, p22phox mRNA:0.043±0.004,0.067±0.015,0.123±0.016 vs. 0.018±0.002,all P<0.05〕,but the activities of SOD were decreased significantly(U/mg:36.07±4.79,33.51±7.12,24.29±5.36 vs. 46.08±5.12,all P<0.05). In emphysema with IH group,the increase of MDA levels and p22phox mRNA expressions and decrease of SOD levels were more remarkable compared with those in emphysema group and IH group(all P<0.05). The expression of p22phox mRNA was positively correlated with MDA level(r=0.734,P<0.001). Conclusion The myocardial tissue oxidative stress injury in rats induced by emphysema with intermittent hypoxia exposure is more serious than that induced by exposure of either emphysema or intermittent hypoxia alone,NADPH oxidase possibly being the important medium of myocardial cell response to oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxia (IH) with pulmonary emphysema on the ex-pression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),Bax and Bcl-2, and the mechanism underlying the role of HIF-1αin he-patocyte apoptosis thereof. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, rats were treated normally;IH group, rats were treated by 30 s nitrogen and then 90 s air, and rats were treated by from 9:00-17:00 daily;pulmonary emphysema group, rats were treated by smudging for half an hour, twice a day (8:00 and 18:00);IH with pul-monary emphysema group, rats were treated by 30 s nitrogen and then 90 s air from 9:00-17:00 daily. After exposure four-teen weeks, rats were killed. qRT-PCR assay was conducted to detect the expression of HIF-1α mRNA, Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA in live tissues. Results The expressions of HIF-1αmRNA, Bax mRNA and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly higher in IH with pulmonary emphysema group than those in control group,IH group and pulmonary emphysema group (P<0.05). The expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA was significantly lower in IH with pulmonary emphysema group than that of con-trol group and pulmonary emphysema group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference compared with that of IH group (P >0.05). The levels of HIF-1αand Bax were positively correlated with the level of Bax/Bcl-2 (r=0.732 and 0.699),but the lev-els of HIF-1αand Bax were negatively correlated with the level of Bcl-2 (r=-0.705). Conclusion The expression levels of HIF-1αmRNA, Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA were over-regulated in hepatocytes induced by intermittent hypoxia with pul-monary emphysema. The HIF-1αexpression was correlated with Bax and Bcl-2, suggesting that HIF-1αmay promote the hepatocyte apoptosis through transcriptional co-activators, Bax and Bcl-2.

OBJECTIVETo explore the application of the horn shaped fasciocutaneous flap for the middle or small defect of low leg.

METHODSBetween April 2008 and November 2010,12 cases were covered the defects with horn flap in the leg, in which 4 cases were male, and 8 cases were female, such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, angioneoplasm, trauma and so on. Surgical repair of tissue defect size of about 3 cm x 3 cm-5 cm x 5 cm.

RESULTSTwelve cases were treated. Vascular deficiency happened at the distal end of one flap. All the other 11 flaps survived. The appearance and functional results were satisfactory with following up for 6 to 24 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe horn shaped fasciocutaneous flap is simple, reliable, easy to perform, has a low complication rate, is cosmetically acceptable

Adult ; Fascia ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the accuracy of position estimation of right-sided double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) without carinal hook in elderly patients according to the changes of inspiratory peak airway pressure (Ppeak), lung compliance (Cdyn), pressure-volume loop (P-V loop), and flow-volume loop (F-V loop).

METHODSNinety-six elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery were intubated with right-sided Mallinckrodt DLTs, the depth of which was determined based on the regressive equation. After 15 min of two lung ventilation (TLV), the Ppeak showed a more than 50% increase from the baseline in 22 patients when switching to one lung ventilation (OLV) with Cdyn less than 50% of the baseline and Ppeak in excess of 22 cmH(2)O. In these 22 cases, the position of the DLT was determined by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and adjusted to the precise position at 15 min of OLV.

RESULTSDLTs were inserted into the right middle bronchi in 19 cases and the right lower lobe bronchi in 3 cases. At 124-/+39 s after OLV, the SpO(2) began to decrease, and the Ppeak of OLV increased by 91.0% and Cdyn decreased by 62.7%. The slope of P-V curve was reduced and the P-V loop extended, with reduced increment of the expiratory limb and the area of the F-V loop, so that the tips of the DLT were withdrawn by 0.5 to 1.9 cm. The Ppeak of OLV increased only by 43.4% when DLT was in correct position, and was Cdyn decreased by 33.6% ( P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONWhen changes of Ppeak and Cdyn in excess of above guidelines occurs after switching from TLV to OLV in the elderly patients, FOB should be applied to determine the tip position of DLT before SpO(2) reduction takes place.

Aged ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Spirometry ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures

OBJECTIVETo establish the rat model of acute spinal cord injury, followed by aprimary study on this model with ¹H NMR based on metabonomics and to explore the metabonomics and biomarkers of spinal cord injury rat.

METHODSTwenty eight-week-old adult male SD rats of clean grade, with body weight of (200±10) g, were divided into sham operation group and model group in accordance with the law of random numbers, and every group had 10 rats. The rats of sham operation group were operated without damaging the spinal cord, and rats of model group were made an animal model of spinal cord incomplete injury according to the modified Allen's method. According to BBB score to observate the motor function of rats on the 1th, 5th, and 7th days after surgery. Postoperative spinal cord tissue was collected in order to pathologic observation at the 7th day, and the metabolic profilings of serum and spinal cord from spinal cord injury rats were studied by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.

RESULTSThe hindlimb motion of rats did not obviously change in sham operation group, there was no significant difference at each time point;and rats of model group occurred flaccid paralysis of both lower extremities, there was a significant difference at each time; there was significant differences between two groups at each time. Pathological results showed the spinal cord structure was normal with uniform innervation in shame group, while in model group, the spinal cord structure was mussy, and the neurons were decreased, with inflammatory cells and necrotic tissue. Analysis of metabonomics showed that concentration of very low density fat protein (VLDL), low density fat protein (LDL), glutamine, citric acid, dimethylglycine (DMG) in the serum and glutathione, 3-OH-butyrate, N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glutamic acid, and ascorbate in spinal cord had significant changes(<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere are significant differences in metabolic profile from serum and spinal cord sample between model group and sham operation group, it conduces to explain the changes of small molecular substances in serum and spinal cord tissue after spinal cord injury, this provides the research basis for targeted research on the role of metabolic markers in patients with acute spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of using modified peroneal tendofascial compound flap with partial tendon of peroneal long muscle in lower leg refractory defect with Achilles tendon rupture.

METHODSBased on the application experience of peroneal tendofascial compound flap for lower leg refractory defects, partial tendon of peroneal long muscle was included in the flap to repair the Achilles tendon rupture.

RESULTS6 cases were treated. The maximum size of modified compound flap reached 5 cm x 5 cm. The maximal included tendon in the flap was 5 cm in length. All the flaps survived completely. Partial epidermis necrosis happened in one case between the skin graft at the donor site and the edge of the flap pedicle. The patients were followed up for 5 months to 2 years with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.

CONCLUSIONSThe modified compound flap has reliable blood supply and can be easily transposed, leaving less morbidity at the donor site. It is very suitable for lower leg refractory defect with the Achilles tendon rupture.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; Adult ; Aged ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND:Cycloserine with low hepatotoxicity exhibits no cross-resistance with the existing anti-tuberculosis drugs,and has been commonly used for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.However,its oral administration or injection leads to a certain degree of neurotoxicity.OBJECTIVE:To prepare poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-cycloserine sustained-release microspheres which are expected to reduce the neurotoxicity and adverse reactions,and maintain the drug concentration in the bone tuberculosis region for a long time,and to observe the in vitro drug release of the microspheresMETHODS:Double emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to prepare PLGA-cycloserine microspheres that were bonded into sponge implant by Bletilla striata polysaccharide extract.Then,morphology,particle size,encapsulation efficiency and in vitro performance of the microspheres were observed.The drug loading,burst release,appearance and dispersion of the microspheres were observed at 0,1,2 months after the microspheres were placed in room temperature (25 ℃),high temperature (60 ℃) and high humidity (93％),respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The PLGA-cycloserine microspheres that were round and spherical presented with the mean particle size of (143±38) μm,the drug loading of 38.38％ and the encapsulation efficiency of 67.54％.No burst release occurred,and the cumulative release of drug within 50 days was 65.62％ After being stored at room temperature,high temperature and high humidity for 1 and 2 months,the microspheres were intact in the appearance and morphology,and showed insignificant changes in drug loading and burst release.To conclude,the time of degradation and the release of drug accord with the biological requirements of bone restoration.

AIM:To observe whether selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A(ETRA)improves white matter lesions(WMLs),and explore the mechanism.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats(n=33)were randomly divided into sham operation group(n=9),treatment group[stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats-modified 2 vessel occlu-sion(RHRSP-modified 2VO)+ambrisentan(n=12)]and placebo group[RHRSP-modified 2VO +vehicle(n =12)].Drug and vehicle administration was performed from 17th to 20th week and monitoring of systolic arterial pressure was performed weekly.Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the function of cognition.The protein levels of en-dothelin-1(ET-1)in the cortex,corpus callosum and caudate putamen were quantitatively analyzed respectively.The se-verity of WMLs and the relationship between ET-1 and vessels were observed by the method of histopathology.RESULTS:The difference of systolic arterial pressure between treatment group and placebo group was not significant.The animals in treatment group exhibited shorter escape latency(P<0.05),more times of crossing platform(P<0.05), lower level of ET-1 in corpus callosum and caudate putamen(P<0.05),respectively,improved WMLs severity(P<0.05)and lower binding level of ET-1 to vessels compared with the placebo group.CONCLUSION: Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves the severity of WMLs and ameliorates the cognitive function.