Objective To develop a method for the determination of 13 kinds of organic phosphorus pesticides in the water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid phase extraction(SPE).Methods The 13 organic phosphorus pesticide residues,including dichlorvos,mevinphos,phorate,diazinon,propetamphos,ddimethoate,methyl parathion,malathion,fenitrothion,parathion,phenthion,methidathion,ethion,were separated on DB-1701P elastic silica capillary column followed by SPE with carbon-amino group complicated column and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Methylene dichloride was elution solvent,injection inlet temperature was 280 ℃ and column flow rate was 1.2 ml/min.Results The leaner range and limit of detection was 0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.49 ?g/L for dichlorvos;0.10-2.5 mg/L,1.4 ?g/L for mevinphos;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.96 ?g/L for phorate;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.73 ?g/L for diazinon;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.60 ?g/L for propetamphos;0.05-2.5 mg/L,1.8 ?g/L for ddimethoate;0.10-2.5 mg/L,2.2 ?g/L for methyl parathion;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.34 ?g/L for malathion;0.05-2.5 mg/L,1.1 ?g/L for fenitrothion;0.10-2.5 mg/L,0.58 ?g/L for parathion;0.05-2.5 mg/L,1.2 ?g/L for phenthion;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.77 ?g/L for methidathion;0.50-2.5 mg/L,0.26 ?g/L for ethion.For all thirteen organic phosphorus pesticides,the correlation coefficient was above 0.99.The average recovery rates were 94.40%-100.80% and RSDs were found in the range of 4.17%-14.73%.Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,sensitive,accurate and applicable to the simultaneous determination of 13 kinds of organic phosphorus pesticide residues in water.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use situation and trend of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs during 2007～2009 in a military sanatorium, and provide reference for the rational use of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs and its essential medicines. METHODS: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs in the rehabilitation center during 2007～2009 were analyzed statistically in the respect of category, consumption sum and DDDs. RESULTS: The consumption sum and DDDs of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs were increasing in the past three years. And its essential drugs account for 94.8%.The most widely used drugs were cerebrovascular drug, brain metabolism drug, nootropics and antihypertensive drugs. Oxiracetam and Xueshuantong were widely used cerebrovascular drug, brain metabolism drug and nootropics. Amlodipine were widely used antihypertensive drugs in the clinic. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs and its essential drugs were characterized with complex classification, numerous categories, extensive application and potential market demand, which require rational use of drug should be strengthened.

Objective To analyze implementation outcomes of the new health reform policy at a provincial hospital for the past six months.Methods Trend analysis,factor analysis and ratio analysis approaches were used in monthly surveillance,along with comparative study of the data before and after the reform,to probe into impacts of the new policy on hospital operations.Results Medical income increased by 22.09％,mainly contributed by volume growth (22.28％) of medical services; Medical income dropped by 0.16％ due to pricing policy factors; medicine proportion deceased by 4.84％; following the reform,the income per outpatient and inpatient increased by 12.32％ and 5.35％ respectively.Conclusion Following the drug zero profit policy and rise of the charging standards for medical treatment service at the hospital,the growth of total income mainly comes from growing volume of medical services instead of pricing policy factors.The new health reform is conducive to optimizing the hospital's income structure and raising value to doctors' technical service.

On the basis of web databases, 111 compounds with nephrotoxicity and 90 compounds without nephrotoxicity were collected as data set of nephrotoxicity discrimination model, 39 compounds with tubular necrosis and 39 compounds without tubular necrosis were collected as data set of tubular necrosis discrimination model. The 6 122 molecular descriptors, including physicochemical, charge distribution and geometrical descriptors were calculated to characterize the molecular structure of the above-mentioned compounds. CfsSubsetEval valuation method and BestFirst-D1-N5 searching method were used to select molecular descriptors. Two models with high accuracy were built based on the support vector machine (SVM) approach, respectively. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and matthew's correlation coefficient of the two models were all above 70%. By using 22 nephrotoxicity compounds of Chinese medicine, the nephrotoxicity discrimination model was further verified with an accuracy of 72.73%. Using the tubular necrosis discrimination model, 10 potential compounds which can cause tubular necrosis were screened from the positive results of nephrotoxicity discrimination model, 6 of them have been verified by literatures. The results demonstrated that the discrimination models can be applied to screen nephrotoxic compounds from Chinese medicinal materials, and they also offer a new research idea for the further studies on the mechanism of nephrotoxicity.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Nephrons ; drug effects ; Support Vector Machine ; Toxicity Tests ; instrumentation ; methods

In this study, based on web database, 324 neurotoxic compounds and 234 non-neurotoxic compounds were selected as a data set for neurotoxicity discriminative model. 6 122 molecular descriptors, including charge distribution, physicochemical and geometrical descriptors,were calculated to characterize the molecular structure of neurotoxic compounds. The combination of Cfs Subset Evaluation and Best First-D1-N5 searching was used to select molecular descriptors. A discrimination model with high accuracy was built based on the support vector machine (SVM) approach. Meanwhile, the model accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were all above 80%. Besides, 30 traditional Chinese medicine compositions with neurotoxicity were set as external validation to further verify the model accuracy,with anaccuracy of 73.333%. Using the model, 13 potential neurotoxic compounds were screened from Sophorae subprostrate Radix,4 of them were verified by literatures. The results demonstrated that the discrimination model can be applied to screen neurotoxic compounds from Chinese medicinal materials.
Computer Simulation ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Models, Theoretical ; Neurotoxins ; analysis ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Support Vector Machine

Objective To explore the value of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosis of Berry syndrome and analyze the sonographic typing.Methods The echocardiographic results of 6 Berry patients were reviewed retrospectively.Their sonographic typing were also analyzed connected with the reports in the literature.Results The ultrasound diagnosis of 5cases were confirmed by surgery(3)or angiography(3) and the remain one infant was died 14 days after the echocardiographic procedure.The malformations of Berry syndrome consisted of the distal aorto-pulmonary septal defect(APSD),aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery(RPA),interruption of the aortic arch(5 cases,type A with patent ductus arteriosus)or coarctation of the aortic isthmus(1 case)with intact ventricular septum.In 6 cases,there were 2 sonographic types:(1)Type A(3 cases),the aorto-pulmonary septum was almost absent and the left and right pulmonary arteries remained widely separated,the blood of the RPA came almost from the aorta,the aortic arch was interrupted.(2)Type B(3 cases),the left and right pulmonary arteries remained adjacent and the bifurcation straddled the distal APSD,the blood of the RPA came from the aorta and the pulmonary trunk separately,the aortic arch was coarctated or interrupted. Conclusions The transthoracic echocardiography can be used to evaluate all containing malformations of Berry syndrome and it may be the first diagnostic choice.

Objective To investigate the effect of expressions of endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in the ischemic cortex on ischemic cerebral injury in rats with diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 36 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups:a shamoperation group,a cerebral ischemic group,and a diabetic cerebral ischemic group according to the random number table method.A diabetes model was induced by injection of streptozocin,and then,a permanent focal cerebral ischemic model was induced by the suture method.At 24 h after ischemia,the neurological deficit scores were conducted.The triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the infarct volume.TUNEL was used to detect the apoptotic cells.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 mRNAs.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 proteins.Results In the sham operation group,there were no neurological deficit and infarcts,and there were only a few apoptotic cells and a few expressions of VEGF,VEGFR2 mRNAs and protein.The neurological function score (4.25 ±0.54 vs.2.86 ±0.73);t =5.303,P＜0.001),infarct volume (51.69 ±2.26 mm3 vs.30.15 ±2.08 mm3;t =23.166,P＜0.001),and the number of apoptotic cells (24.22 ± 1.34/HP vs.13.28 ±0.37/HP;t =27.261,P＜0.001) in the diabetic cerebral ischernia group were significantly increased than those in the cerebral ischemic group,while VEGF,VEGFR2 mRNA,and protein expression level were significantly decerased (VEGF mRNA:4.74 ± 0.54 vs.6.71 ± 0.91,P ＜ 0.001;VEGFR2 mRNA:4.06 ± 0.60 vs.6.16 ± 0.96,P ＜ 0.001,VEGF protein:0.99 ± 0.13 vs.1.55 ± 0.23,P ＜ 0.001;VEGFR2 protein:4.12 ± 0.74 vs.6.23 ± 0.76,P ＜ 0.001) compare with the cerebral ischemic group.Conclusions VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway participates in diabetes aggravating ischemic cerebral injury.The downregulating of VEGF/VEGFR2 may be one of the mechanisms of diabetes aggravating ischemic cerebral injury.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Prognosis

Objective To investigate effects of β-thalassemia on 8 HbA1c measurement systems including Capillary electrophoresis and application of HbA2 values of samples with β-thalassemia from Capillary 2 Flex Piercing HbA1c measurement systems.Methods 338 samples without β-thalassemia ( include 80 α-thalassemia with --SEA/ααgenotype) and 225 samples with β-thalassemia were collected in Peking University Shenzhen hospital from January 2014 to August 2014.Samples withβ-thalassemia are all heterozygotes with normal α-globin and abnormal β-globin, and without combining other haemoglobinopathies.76 normal samples and 76 samples with β-thalassemia were selected from above all samples, HbA1c values of which were given by capillary electrophoresis ( Capillary Flex 2 Piercing), enzymatic ( Norudia N HbA1c ), immune transmission turbidity ( oneHbA1c FS ), chemiluminescent immunoassay (ARCHITECT HbA1c Reagent Kit), boronate affinity HPLC (Trinity Ultra2)and ion exchange HPLC (HA8160, VariantⅡTurbo and Variant Ⅱ BioRad 2.0), respectively.HbA1c values given by the eight systems were compared.338 samples without β-thalassemia and 225 samples with β-thalassemia were measured by using Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing HbA1c system and capillary electrophoresis hemoglobin system, the cut-off values of HbA2 from Capillary 2 Flex Piercing HbA1c measurement system for β-thalassemia was
assessed by using ROC curve.Data statistics were done by using SPSS 19.0.Results The HbA1c values of normal samples were well correlated with the comparative system.The correlation coefficients for the 7 systems are all greater than 0.98.For samples withβ-thalassemia, the correlation coefficients are all greater than 0.98 except for Variant Ⅱ Turbo.The bias between normal samples and samples with β-thalassemia have no significant difference except for VariantⅡTurbo.HbA2 values from Capillary 2 Flex Piercing HbA1c measurement and capillary electrophoresis hemoglobin system were well correlated. The correlation coefficient is 0.993.When cut-off value of HbA2 from Capillary 2 Flex Piercing HbA1c measurement system for β-thalassemia is 3.38, sensitivity is 98.3%, specificity is 100% .Conclusions Samples withβ-thalassemia have no significant effects on HbA1c measurement syetems except for Variant Ⅱ Turbo.The Capillary 2 Flex Piercing HbA1c measurement syetem has the advantage of screeningβthalassemia by HbA2 while measuring HbA1c.

Objective To develop a Chinese version of Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying scale (FATCOD) and evaluate its validity and reliability to provide a tool for the field of hospice care and death education used among nurses.Methods FATCOD scale was adopted according to Brislin's translation model for cross-cultural research and its reliability and validity of the new Chinese version was tested in 126 nurses.Factor analysis and correlation analysis were applied to establish the validity and reliability.Results The Chinese version of FATCOD scale consisted of 30 items.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.828; split-half coefficient of the whole scale was 0.807; the varimax rotation factor analysis of the scale identified twelve principal factors and explained for 69.5％ variances.Conclusions The Chinese version of FATCOD scale is valid and reliable in the sample of nurses,and can be used in the field of hospice care and death education.