The effectiveness and efficiency of university educational management would have a direct impact on universities' teaching performance.Moreover,it is important to undertake a further reformation for the educational management system of university and college and establish such a standardized,high efficient educational management system.Since they would be the milestones that improve universities'teaching performance constantly and ensure there is a persistent evolution in universities as well.

Through a congenital cleft hand cleft foot line analysis of clinical manifestations, the mode of inherit-ance, clinical type of 15 patients. It was found that the pedigrees of congenital foot deformity in patients with cleft hand cleft hand split foot crack were typical, and non-syndromic. The disease presents the typical pedigree body autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, clinical manifestations of the great differences between patients, the pres-ence of significant genetic heterogeneity.

Environmental Microbiology is an important basic course of Environmental Engineering.Its characteristic is content broad,quick development and strong practicality,thus this curriculum's teaching has certain degree of difficulty.Some suggestions and concrete measures about teaching reform,which included curriculum's course content,teaching method,experiment teaching and assessment methods were proposed in this paper.

In the clinical skill evaluation,SP and the new technology OSCE for medical educational evaluation brought by SP can offer a vivid and complete exam atmosphere for the medical students,which have been widely applied by medical colleges and schools at home and abroad,with real,effective,reliable characteristics and broader development prospect. To induce the technology into TCM clinical evaluation is in accordance with the requirements of TCM educational development,which can make students better grasp clinical various basic skills within limited studying periods.

Objective To establish a rapid and convenient assay to screen for emerging ganciclovir(GCV) resistant mutations in the UL97 gene of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) from transplant recipients. Methods Thirteen spefcific oligonucleotide probes were designed according to the target sequence encoding HCMV-UL97 gene. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying UL97 gene was employed. Line probes assay (LiPA) was configured to detect relevant non-synonymous mutations at codon 460,520,594,595,603, and 607. In parallel, nested-PCR amplicons were subsequently sequenced directly. Results Four of 16 heart and lung transplant recipients had been infected with HCMV resistant strains during GCV therapy. The mutant codons of UL97 gene were at codon 520、595 and 603. All amplicons detected by LiPA were fully concordant with the nucleotide sequenced.Conclusions Long-term prophylaxis and treatment with GCV in heart and lung transplant recipients may develop HCMV resistant strains. HCMV-LiPA proves to be an alternative method for the resistance genotype analysis of HCMV.

A strain was separeted from the Yueqing bay using pine pollen baiting.The vegetative thallus of the separated strain is oval and unincleate.It possesses a cell wall composed of many compact layers of closely pressed scales, which can be resolved where the cell wall is disrupted.The radiating branched extensions of the thallus, the ectoplasmic net, emerges from the sagenogenetosome.Asexual reproduction is by conversion of the vegetative thallus to many biflagellate zoospores, during which tetrads of cells are formed.It was identified with Schizochytrium sp.based on the features mentioned above.

[Objective] To determine the sun protection factor (SPF) and protection factor of ultraviolet A (PFA) of a self-made sunscreen cream.[Methods] The sample of a self-made sunscreen cream and a commercial sunscreen cream were painted to an artificial skin (3M film) at a dose of 2 μl/cm2,and a tester was used to evaluate their photoprotective effect.A total of 48 albinism guinea pigs were classified into 8 groups to remain unprotected or be protected by the self-made or commercial sunscreen cream.A solar ultraviolet light simulator (SUV-1000) was used to simulate the ultraviolet rays in sunlight to irradiate the guinea pigs,and the photoprotecfive effect of these sunscreen creams was determined.[Results] The in vitro evaluation revealed that the SPF value of the self-made sun-screen cream and commercial cream was 32.26 ± 2.42 and 30.87 ± 2.57respectively (n =5,t =0.94,P ＞ 0.05),and the PFA value was 24.28 ± 2.44 and 17.53 ± 2.28 respectively (n =5,t =4.52,P＜ 0.01 ).As the in vivo experiment showed,the SPF value of the self-made sun-screen cream and commercial cream was 30.39 ± 6.65 and 28.79 ± 7.36,respectively (n =12,t =0.38,P＞ 0.05),and the PFA value was ＞ 8.91 and ＞ 8.93 respectively.[Conclusion] The photoprotective effect of the self-made sunscreen cream is similar to that of the commercial cream.

Objective To investigate 4 variants single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein(ALOX5AP) in lipoxygenase pathway and in cytochrome P450 pathway as susceptibility genes for stroke in a southeastern Chinese population,and evaluate the associations between susceptibility genes and cerebral infarction,to find whether gene-gene interactions increase the risk of cerebral infarction.Methods By case-control study,two hundred and ninety-two patients with cerebral infarction and 259 healthy control subjects were included.Eight variants in 5 candidate genes were examined for stroke risk,including the SG13S32 (rs9551963),SG13S42 (rs4769060),SG13S89 (rs4769874),and SG13Sl14 (rs10507391) variants of the ALOX5AP gene,the G860A (rs751141) variant of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) gene,the A1075C (rs1057910) variant of the CYP2C9 *2 gene,the C430T (rs1799853) variant of the CYP2C9* 3 gene,and the A6986G (rs776746) variant of the CYP3A5 gene.Gene-gene interactions were explored using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR)methods.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes of the 8 candidate genes.The GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction between SG13S114 and A6986G,with scores of 10 for cross-validation consistency and 9 for the sign test (P =0.011).These genegene interactions predicted a significantly higher risk of cerebral infarction (adjusted for age,hypertension,and diabetes mellitus;OR =1.804,95％ CI 1.180-2.759,P =0.006).Conclusions A two-loci gene interaction confers significantly higher risk for cerebral infarction.The combinational analysis used in this study may be helpful in the elucidation of genetic risk factors for common and complex diseases.

Objective To investigate whether quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MR can predict final pathologic response in primary breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).Methods Forty seven patients who were pathologically proved infiltrating ductal carcinoma with core needle puncture biopsy were examined before NAC and after 2 cycles of treatment and the quantitative parameters (Ktrans,Kep and Ve) were analyzed prospectively.Histological response is categorized as non-major histological response (NMHR) and major histological response (MHR).Quantitative parameter changes measured after 2 cycles of NAC were compared between MHR and NMHR using non parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test) and pretreatment parameters were compared using independent samples t tests.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the best predictor and cutoff value.Results Fifteen patients were grouped into MHR and 32 patients were NMHR.Pretreatment parameters(Ktrans,Kep and Ve) were(1.51 ±0.33) /min,(2.97 ± 1.06) /min and (0.55 ±0.16) in MHR and (1.53 ±0.40) /min,(2.82 ± 0.99) /min and (0.57 ± 0.20) in NMHR.There was no significant difference between the two groups (t values were-0.123,0.450 and-0.380,respectively,P ＞ 0.05).Changes inkinetic parameters(K,Kep and Ve) were-88.2％ (-96.0％ to 1.5％),-62.5％ (-94.3％ to -8.7％) and-57.0％(-82.1％ to 55.5％) in MHRand-8.1％(-88.5％ to 32.4％),-18.2％ (-62.1％ to 145.9％) and-4.7％ (-83.1％ to 95.7％) in NMHR.There were significant difference between the two groups (Z values were 4.359,4.359 and 3.332,respectively,P ＜ 0.01).The areas under ROC curve of AKtrans,AKep and Ktrans after 2 cycles of NAC were all 0.898.Sensitivity of the three parameters for predicting NMHR were 87.5％,90.6％ and 78.1％,and specificity were 86.7％,80.0％ and 93.3％,respectively.Conclusion Quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MRI can predict final pathologic response in primary breast cancers after 2 cycles of NAC.