Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods:A total of 30 eligible cases were treated by needling Shenting (GV 24), Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Fengfu (GV 16), Mingmen (GV 1) and Yongquan (KI 1). Upon arrival of qi, the G6805-II electric stimulator was connected to Shenting (GV 24) and Baihui (GV 20) (one pair), to Dazhui (GV 14) and Fengfu (GV 16) (one pair) and to bilateral Yongquan (KI 1) (one pair) for 25 min, using continuous wave at the frequency of 2-100 Hz and voltage of 2-4 V. With a tolerable intensity, the EA was conducted once a day for 10 d (one treatment course). There was a 3-day interval between two courses. After three courses, the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), revised Hasegawa dementia scale (HDS-R), activities of daily living (ADL) and neurological function defect scale (NFDS). Results:After EA treatment, the MMSE and HDS-R scores were significantly increased (P<0.01) and the ADL and NFDS scores were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion:EA is effective for AD and can improve the overall intelligence and repair neurologic deficits in AD patients.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of auditory event-related potentials(AERP) mismatch negativity and P300 in presbycusis patients.Methods Auditory event-related potentials were recorded from 20 presbycusis patients, 20 normal hearing elderly subjects and 20 normal young volunteers(the control group) in the Oddball stimulus paradigm.Mismatch negativity(MMN) was tested under the status of reading.P300 was tested under the status of concentrating.The latencies and amplitudes of 3 groups were compared.Results The latency of MMN in the presbycusis patient group(187.38±29.63ms) was significantly longer than those of the normal hearing older group(160.10±23.21±ms)and the control group(148.22±19.30 ms)(P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences between the normal hearing older group and control group(P<0.05).The amplitude differences were not statistically significant among the 3 groups(P>0.05).The latency of P300 in the presbycusis patient group (369.83±27.09 ms) was significantly longer than those of the normal hearing older group(332.89±25.60 ms)and the control group(318.51±22.32ms)(P<0.01).The amplitude differences were not statistically significant among the 3 groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The presbycusis patients show some central auditory processing dysfunction and cognitive impairment.MMN and P300 might be used as objective methods for evaluating central auditory processing and cognitive function in presbycusis patients.

Compounds were isolated through various chromatographic techniques and their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those reported in the literatures. Thirteen compounds were obtained from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts. Their structures were identified as 4,4'-dimethoxy-9,9', 10,10'-tetrahydro-(1, 1'-biphenanthrene) -2, 2', 7, 7'-tetrol (1), 4, 4', 7, 7'-tetrahydroxy -2,2'-dimethoxy-1, 1'-biphenanthrene (2), 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (3), physcion (4), chrysophanol (5), emodin (6), genkwanin (7), quercetin (8), quercetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethanol (10), syringic acid (11), vanillin (12), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (13), respectively. Compounds 1-3 and 5-12 are reported from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry

Nursing students as a group of people who were going to be nurses in the future,their perceptions of pain management had closed connection with the achievements of the pain management.This review provided a summary of the nursing students' perceptions of pain management and its influencing factors,in order to make some suggestions about improving nursing education and offer effective way to improve the nurses' perceptions of pain management.

Objective To probe the different expression of psychomotor in different model of pretreatment and the influence of pretreatment context on the expression of psychomotor.And to compare dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neuron activity in midbrain after different pretreatment.Methods Rats were pretreated by escalated high-dose morphine( HD group) ,fixed low-dose morphine( LD group) and saline as control(S group).After withdrawal, rats were challenged by morphine in non-drug used environment.Locomotor behavior and stereotypy behavior were monitored as the index of compulsive drug-seeking motivation.By double labeling immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Fos protein, the plasticity of neuronal activity in ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra of rats response to morphine challenge were disclose after pretreated with morphine or saline.Results After 10 mg/kg morphine challenge in non-drug used environment,the locomotor behavior and the stereotypy behavior of HD group were both significant higher than that of S group ( Locomotor behavior and Stereotypy behavior,HD group: 26907 ± 2003 and 129.6 ± 6.5; S group: 14962 ± 1888 and 89.9 ± 10.9, all P ＜ 0.01 ).The results of immunohistochemistry showed that Fos protein expressed in the SNr and in lateral SNr was significantly higher in the HD group compared to S groups ( Fos expression in SNr and lateral SNr,HD group: 29.14 ±5.27 and 9.83 ± 2.84; S group: 17.29 ± 1.51 and 2.06 ±0.45; all P＜0.05 ).Conclusion The sensitization behavior expression of the rat pretreated by escalated high-dose morphine is not modulated by drug using enviroment compared with fixed low-dose morphine pretreatment.The neuroplasticity of SNr,especially lateral SNr might be one of the mechanisms underlying the uncontroled sensitization behavior expression.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between pure-tone average (PTA), the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the auditory pathway, cognitive cortex and auditory cortex in presbycusis. METHOD: Twenty-five elderly subjects with presbycusis were participated in the study. PTA, speech discrimination abilities were evaluated in each subject. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to access the FA of the IC, the superior frontal gyrus and the Heschl's gyrus. Compare the difference between two sides of the values of FA in the three areas. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of PTA and FA of the inferior colliculus (IC), the superior frontal gyrus and the Heschl's gyrus on speech discrimination abilities. RESULT: There were no significant differences between the left and right side of the inferior colliculus (P > 0.05). Higher FA values were recorded at the left side of the Heschl's gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus (P < 0.05). Both PTA and the FA of the superior frontal gyrus have a negative association with speech discrimination abilities (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while the FA of the Heschl's gyrus has a positive association with speech discrimination abilities (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the speech discrimination abilities of the elderly is not only related to the peripheral auditory function, but also to the central auditory and cognitive function.
Aged ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Cortex ; physiopathology ; Auditory Pathways ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Inferior Colliculi ; physiopathology ; Presbycusis ; diagnosis ; Speech Perception

Objective To investigate the effect of one-lung ventilation (OLV) on the occurrence of subcutanous emphysema during retroperitoneal laparoscopic urologic surgery (RPLUS).Methods Twenty-seven ASA Ⅰor Ⅱ patients,aged 29-64 yr,with body mass index 19-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective RPLUS,were randomly divided into 2 groups:two-lung ventilation (TLV) group (group Ⅰ,n =15) and OLV group (group Ⅱ,n =12).In group Ⅰ,the patients were tracheal intubated and TLV was performed.In group Ⅱ,the left-sided double lumen endobronchial tube was inserted and TLV was performed,OLV on the non-operated side was performed starting from 10-15 min before pneumoperitoneum and TLV resumed at the end of pneumoperitoneum.The end-tidal CO2 partial pressure and minute ventilation volume were measured before pneumoperitoneum (T1),at 30 and 60 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2,3),and at 30 min after the end of pneumoperitoneum (T4).The CO2 absorption capacity was calculated.The degree of pneumoderma was assessed and the occurance of pneumoderma was recorded at the end of pneumoperitoneum.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the CO2 absorption capacity was significantly reduced,and the degree and incidence of pneumoderma were significantly decreased in group Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion OLV on the non-operated side can reduce the CO2 absorption capacity,decrease the degree of subcutaneous emphysema and reduce the occurrence of subcutanous emphysema during pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing RPLUS.

Objective To investigate the families with cerebral palsy high-risk infants on knowledge, attitudes and behavior of cerebralpalsy and early intervention. Methods 200 family members of cerebral palsy high-risk infants were investigated with their knowledge, attitudesand behavior on cerebral palsy and early Intervention. Results Their knowledge of cerebral palsy, including related risk factors andearly features, was poor; the attitude to early intervention was not positive and the behavior is not reasonable. Conclusion The education tothe families with cerebral palsy high-risk infants is important for the prevention and treatment of cerebral palsy.

Although current synthetic anti-gout drugs have significant therapeutic effects in reducing serum uric acid levels, they have serious side effects such as allergic reactions and liver and kidney damage. Natural products with a wide range of uric acid-lowering and high safety have played a critical role in anti-gout drug discovery and development. This paper reviews the natural products with uric acid-lowering or anti-gout pharmacological effects and the investigation on their mechanisms of action, to provide information for drug discovery and development.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the early clinical efficacy of induced membrane technique for reconstruction of large bone defects after debridement in adults with chronic osteomyelitis of limbs.

METHODSFrom March 2010 to March 2012,a total of 23 adult patients with chronic osteomyelitis of limbs were treated in our department. There were 15 males and 8 females, with a mean age 35.2 years old (ranged from 26 to 49 years old). Sixteen patients had open fracture history. According to the lesion site, there were 12 cases of tibia, 7 cases of femur, 3 cases of humerus, and 1 case of both radius and ulna. Among them, 19 patients had diseases in diaphysis and 4 patients in the metaphysis. The mean interval from infection to operation was 6.9 months (ranged from 4 to 13 months). All the patients were treated by using induced membrane technique. The follow-up evaluation included clinical complications, time of bone healing and limbs function. The Chinese version of SF-36 scores was used in the assessment of quality of life pre- and post-operation.

RESULTSThe average duration of follow-up was (27.6 ± 5.3) months (ranged from 18 to 43 months). Two patients had postoperative flap edge necrosis, 1 patient had superficial iliac incision infection, no obvious complications were recorded. Twenty patients obtained radiological union at a mean time of 4.6 months (ranged from 3 to 7 months). Among them, 16 patients treated with lower limbs surgery achieved full weight-bearing at about 5.2 months (ranged from 4 to 8 months) postoperatively. Four patients suffered from reinfection during follow-up, but 3 of them achieved complete bone healing after the second surgeries with induced membrane technique. At the final follow-up, there was a substantial improvement in each dimension scores and total scores of SF-36 as compared with those before surgery.

CONCLUSIONWhen treating with adult chronic osteomyelitis of limbs, the induced membrane technique can effectively reconstruct large bone defects after debridement, significantly shorten treatment cycle, provide satisfactory results with minimal complications, promote good recovery of limbs function and require relatively simple operation technique.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Extremities ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods