BACKGROUND: As demonstrated by recent reports, immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly induced and expressed when a songbird is stimulated either by bird-song or by its vocal-behavior. The expression area and level of IEGs in the brain, such as zenk, c-fos and c-jun, are corresponding to where and how the neurons are related as a songbird is stimulated, suggesting that IEGs play important roles in vocal learning and memory.OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between vocal learning of songbird and immediate early gene so as to understand the mechanism of human language and the control of central nervous system.DATA SOURCES: All papers were cited from MEDLINE with the keywords of "songbird, vocal learning, memory, zenk, c-fos and c-jun" in English between January 1990 and December 2001. Meanwhile, we searched the Chinese journals full-text database and Wanfang database with the same keywords in Chinese between January 1990 and November 2001 were also searched.STUDY SELECTION: The papers about immediate early genes and vocal learning and memory in songbirds were selected. Then non-randomly controlled studies were excluded, and the rest full-text papers were looked up.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 17 papers about immediate early genes and vocal learning and memory in songbirds were found. We choose 11 papers in them and 6 was excluded because of summarization.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① zenk and vocal behavior: Expression of zenk in bird's brain can affect learning and memory through adjusting synthesis of special protein. ② Reaction of c-fos to various songs: The reaction of local neurons in bird's brain to the birdsongs are made by the decision of the numbers of song factor in learning songs. ③ Associations of c-jun and cfos: zenk, fos and jun are the necessaries for maintaining long-term memory, which produce a marked effect through signal transduction, reconstruction, synthesis and transduction of induced synapse.CONCLUSION: Immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly induced and expressed when a songbird is stimulated either by bird-song or by its vocal-behavior. The expression area and level of IEGs in the brain, such as zenk, c-fos and c-jun, are corresponding to where and how the neurons are related as a songbird is stimulated, suggesting that IEGs play important roles in vocal learning and memory.

Objective To explore the effect of process quality monitoring for hospital infection control of ICU. Methods A total of 265 critically ill patients admitted to ICU were chosen as the control group from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015, who were strictly enforced three cluster strategies to prevent catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and ventilator–associated pneumonia (VAP) with periodical data monitoring in ICU. Another 292 critically ill patients admitted to ICU were chosen as the observation group from April 1, 2015 to March 31,2016, who were added 3 measures of process quality monitoring on the basis of implementation method of the control group. The incidence of CRBSI, CAUTI and VAP time were compared between two groups. Results There was statistically significant difference on the incidence rate of the CRBSI between the two groups (χ2=4.504, P=0.034), which was respectively 1.79%(5/280) and 5.10%(13/255). There was statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of CAUTI between the two groups (χ2=5.708, P=0.017), which was respectively 3.48% (10/287) and 8.27% (21/254). There was statistically significant difference on the incidence rate of VAP between the two groups (χ2=8.291, P=0.004), which was respectively 3.48% (10/287) and 8.27% (21/254). Mean time of mechanical ventilation in the observation group and the control group was respectively (2.14±1.40) days and (3.37±2.01) days, there was no significant difference (P=0.073). Mean time of ICU stay in the observation group and the control group was respectively (6.04±1.04) days and (11.92±1.90) days, there was statistical significance (t=-1.840, P=0.024). Number of qualified central venous catheter maintenance, perineum clean and oral care had negative relevance with number of patients with CRBSI, CAUTI and VAP, correlation coefficient in the observation group was respectively-0.701,-0.618,-0.677, there was statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions The implementation of quality monitoring can reduce the number of patients with CRBSI, CAUTI and VAP, which suggests wide application in ICU.

Aiming at the psychological adaptation problems of foreign college students in China,we have given several solutions such as the campus,staff,classrooms and students and so on.We can create a good psychological and living environment for foreign students.

Objective To study the effect of propofol on vascular reactivity and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in septic shock.Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10 in each group) : group Ⅰ control; group Ⅱ septic shock; group Ⅲ septic shock + propofol and group Ⅳ septic shock + melatonin. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1. The femoral artery and vein were connulated for MAP monitoring and drug administration. The animals were breathing spontaneously. Septic shock was induced by intravenous LPS 15 mg?kg-1 . In group Ⅲ a bolus of propofol 10 mg?kg-1 was given i.v. at 1 h after intravenous LPS followed by intravenous propofol infusion at 10 mg?kg-1?h-1. In group Ⅳ melatonin 10 mg was given intraperitoneally at 1h after LPS i.v. . Six hours after LPS administration 4 doses of phenylephrine (PE) 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5 ?g?kg-1 were given i.v. in succession. The next dose was given when MAP returned to the baseline level after previous PE. The percent change in MAP after each dose was recorded. Blood samples were taken at 6 h after LPS administration for determination of plasma MDA and NO concentrations. After the in vivo experiment the animals were sacrificed and thoracic aortas were removed and cut into segments of 3 mm in length which were bathed in Krebs buffer aerated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37℃. The aortic rings were stretched to a resting tension of 2.0 g. The segments were then exposed to increasing concentrations of PE (from 1 nmol?L-1 to 30 ?mol?L-1). The dose-response curves were obtained. Emax and EC50 were calculated. Results The percent increase in MAP induced by PE was significantly reduced by septic shock (groupⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ) as compared with control group (Ⅰ), but was significantly larger in propofol and melatonin groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ) than in group Ⅱ. In the in vitro experiment the maximum response to PE and EC50 were significantly reduced in rats with septic shock as compared with rats in control group (P

Objective To evaluate the roles of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in predicting the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by studying the correlation between them.Methods A total of 202 patients with CAP admitted from December 2011 to December 2012 were enrolled in this study.All these patients were checked with laboratory tests for BNP level,C-reactive protein (CRP),white blood cell count (WBC) as well as other markers needed for obtaining pneumonia severity index (PSI).The differences in BNP levels,CRP levels,and WBC were compared among different degrees of pneumonia severity,and the correlation between BNP levels and PSI was investigated by a linear correlation analysis.The patients enrolled were divided into a high-risk group (defined as Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade of PSI) and a low-risk group (defined as Ⅰ-Ⅲgrade of PSI).Meanwhile,they were also divided into a survivor group and a non-survivor group according to outcomes.BNP levels between the two groups were compared,and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on the BNP levels versus PSI.Results BNP levels increased with CAP severity (r =0.782,P ＜0.01).The mean level of BNP (263.2 ± 119.6) pg/mLof patients in the high-risk group was significantly higher than that of patients (71.5 ± 54.3) pg/mL in the low-risk group (P ＜ 0.01).The patients in the non-survivor group had significantly higher BNP levels compared to the survivor group [(343.86 ± 125.49) vs.(183.00 ±121.71) pg/mL,P ＜ 0.01].In addition,there were positive correlations between BNP levels and PSI (r =0.782,P＜0.001),between BNP levels and CRP levels (r =0.560,P＜0.01),and between BNP levels and WBC (r =0.513,P＜0.001).The BNP level had a high accuracy in predicting the severity of CAP (AUC =0.952).The optimal cut-off point of BNP level for distinguishing high-risk from low-risk patients was 125.0 pg/mL,with a semitivity of 0.891 and a specificity of 0.946.Moreover,BNP level had a definite accuracy in predicting mortality (AUC =0.823).Its optimal cut-off point for predicting death was 299.0 pg/mL,with a sensitivity of 0.675 and a specificity of 0.816; its negative predictive cut-off value was 0.926,and positive predictive value was 0.426.Conclusions BNP level is positively correlated with the severity of CAP.The patient with BNP level above 125.0 pg/mL should be hospitalized immediately and patients with BNP level higher than 299.0 pg/mL are at the high risk of death.Therefore,BNP is a useful biomarker for evaluating the severity of patients with CAP.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix combined with glucocorticoid (GC) in treating lupus nephritis (LN) patients and its influence on some experimental indices.

METHODSTotally 52 LN patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated by routine Western medicine and a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix, 25 cases) and the control group (treated by Western medicine, mainly by GC and cyclophosphamide, 27 cases). All patients received 6-month therapy. The GC dosage, the withdrawal and reduction dosage of GC, clinical efficacy, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score, adverse reactions, and laboratory indicators were recorded.

RESULTS(1) All patients got relieved to some degree with the dosage of GC reduced. The total withdrawal and reduction dosage of GC was slightly higher in the treatment group than in the control group [(50.23 +/- 12.43) mg vs (48.76 +/- 13.61) mg, P > 0.05]. Besides, the prednisone dosage in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, but without statistical difference (P > 0.05). The ratio of patients in need of adding prednisone for aggravating disease was 24.0%, significantly lower than that in the control group (44.44%, P < 0.05). (2) There was no statistical difference in the SLEDAI score, inflammatory indicators, liver and renal functions, blood electrolytes, blood glucose, blood and urine routines between the two groups (P > 0.05). The 24-h urinary protein count was (1.06 +/- 0.22) g/L in the treatment group, obviously lower than that in the control group (1.43 +/- 0.55 g/L, P < 0.05). (3) There was no statistical difference in the incidence rate of infection, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, psychoneuroses, Cushing's syndrome, cardiovascular anomalies, and femoral head necrosis between the two groups (P > 0.05). But the incidence of adverse reactions such as insomnia, tidal fever, spontaneous sweat, and obesity was less in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUsing a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix combined with GC in treating LN could withdraw the dosage of GC and relieve symptoms it induced. It was advantageous in reducing the dosage of GC and stabilizing patients' conditions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective:To study the effect of comfort care to alleviate postoperative pain of tibial eminence fracture by fixation. Methods:55 patients with tibial eminence fracture between Apr 2013 and Mar 2015 in our hospital were selected and divided into observation group with 26 patients and control group with 29 cases according to the nursing methods. The control group was given the orthopaedic routine nursing method, and the observation group was given the comfortable nursing method to compare two groups of patients with postoperative pain and psychological status before and after the intervention (HAMA anxiety score and HAMD depression scale). Results:There were significant differences between two groups of patients with pain score after the intervention (t=9.545, P<0.05), and HAMA and HAMD scores decline. HAMA and HAMD scores in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (t=11.593, t=10.628;P<0.05). Conclusion:Comfort care can significantly relieve postoperative pain of the tibial condyle spine fractures and improve postoperative anxiety and depression. It has good clinical application value.

Objective To study the effect of bacterial culture and susceptibility test for chronic prostatitis.Methods 108 cases of chronic prostatitis patients with prostatic fluid were separated culture and sensitivity test.Resuits The bacteria masculine rate was 67.4% in the group,it was in 71.3% in Gram-positive cocci,it was 17.6% in Gram-negative bacilli,it was 3.7% in Gram-positive baciUi and it was 7.4% in Fungi; Staphylococcus anreus,Coagulase negative staphylococcus,Streptococcus viridans,Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus coil were drug fast to frequently used antibiotic on the wide-bound.Conclusion The bacterial infection has an important role in the invasion of chronic prostatitis and the incidence rate was high in the bacterial multidrug resistant.

Objective To understand the etiology and clinical manifestation of malignant atrophic papulosis,to report the psychological care of one case with malignant atrophic papules,and patients to maintain a good psychological state.Methods Nursing measures such as strengthening skin care,reducing discomfort,avoiding aggravating the injury; attention to abdominal signs,detection of changes in disease condition,prevention of intestinal perforation,related medication education to increase medication compliance were given to this patients.Results The abdominal pain disappeared,lower limb muscle force recovered,and the patient was discharged after the disease condition was steady.Conclusions To patients with malignant atrophic papulosis,early detection and early treatment should be given to them.

Objective To estimate direct economic burden of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in China,and to assess its influencing factors.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in 150 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis from 29 third-grade class-A hospitals in 7 cities.Data on demographic characteristics,clinical features and direct economic burden were collected.Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the direct economic burden of moderate to severe psoriasis,and multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine predictors of cost of illness.Results The patients were aged (43.87 ± 13.42) years,with an average clinical course of 3 years(range,2-6 years).Of them,82 had moderate psoriasis,and 68 had severe psoriasis.The average direct cost was (6 452 ± 6 391)RMB per patient-year,with significant difference between the patients with moderate psoriasis and those with severe psoriasis ((4 163 ± 4 605) vs.(9 212 ± 7 146) RMB,z =5.70,P ＜ 0.001).Regression analysis indicated that disease severity,clinical type,hospitalization,complications,and inhabited cities were factors influencing the direct economic burden of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.Conclusions The direct eonomic burden of severe psoriasis seems to be twice that of moderate psoriasis in China.Physicians should strengthen the control of complications and disease severity,and pay more attention to other types of psoriasis than psoriasis vulgaris,during the treatment of psoriasis.