Objective To explore the application of adenosine triphosphate (ATP )bioluminescence assay in evaluating cleaning quality of medical devices.Methods Manual and machine cleaned medical devices were randomly selected from central sterile supply department of a hospital in 2011 -2013,cleaning quality was detected with ATP biolumi-nescence assay,relative light unit (RLU)value was determined to assess the cleaning quality.Results A total of 460 pieces of cleaned devices were detected in 2011 -2013,404 (87.83%)were qualified.The qualified rates of manual cleaning and machine cleaning were 70.73% and 94.07% respectively,the qualified rates of general surgical devices and lumen devices were 90.71 % and 81 .76% respectively,there were significant differences in qualified rates of different cleaning methods and different categories of medical devices (both P <0.01 ).The qualified rates of manual cleaning in 2011 - 2013 were 32.35%,79.63%,and 94.29% respectively,machine cleaning were 79.45%,98.15%,and 98.08% respectively;differences in qualified rates of manual cleaning and machine cleaning in different years were significant (all P <0.01 ).Conclusion ATP bioluminescence assay can be used for evalua-ting cleaning quality of medical devices.

Doctor's degree is the highest degree for medical education.Nowadays,medical doctor candidates in more and more medical universities are requested to publish research papers in intemational journals embodied in Science Citation Index(SCI),or they can not graduate with doctor's degree.So,it is significant for medical doctor candidates to learn the related knowledge about SCI and Impact Factor(IF).

Female ; Genes, p53 ; immunology ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Ovary ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Proto-Oncogenes ; immunology ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor ; genetics ; pathology ; ras Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the pathologic base of breast cancer malignant halo.Methods The status of margin of 80 cases confirmed breast nonspecific invasive ductal cancer by pathology were determined preoperatively.80 cases were divided into two groups:malignant halo group and non malignant halo group.The estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),human endothelial growth factor receptor (CerB-2),nuclear protein antibodies (Ki-67) expression were detected by immunohistochemical method.The histological grade,mitotic count and documented tumor size,patient age and the number of lymph node metastases,breast cancer margin on pathology were observed.Halo tissue were drawn from specimens and the tissue structure were observed.Results Ki-67 expression in malignant halo group were significantly lower than those in non malignant halo group.The observing results of the margin status of breast cancer on ultrasound and pathology were consistent.Halo tissue was mainly composed of fatty tissue and scattered clumps of cancerous tissue,fibrous tissue,normal lobular and tubular.Conclusions Malignant halo is a special manifestation of breast cancer on gray-scale ultrasound.

The article describes the current situation of training mode of community nurses in community health service institutions in Hubei province from several aspects,including training object,training target,training base,teaching staff,training organization and government,training method and time,training curriculum,training effect evaluation and certification.The article suggests a multitude of factors influencing the training quality,such as formal training,dominant job training,and monotonous community training content and less training time.Overall,the government should be done something to increase government support and funding and accelerate the community nursing services and community nursing education.It is also essential to establish community nursing personnel training mechanism,improve and perfect the community health personnel training system,increase the construction of community nursing practice base and facilities and strengthen clinical practice skills.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVE To obser ve t he pathological changes of nasal mucosa in rats after instillation of 37℃ normal saline. METHODS Forty-eight qualified rats were given instillation of 37℃ nomal saline 30 times, once per minute. Another 2 qualified rats served as control. After instillation, in the 15, 30 minutes and 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 42th, 28th day respectively, the nasal septum mucosa of 6 rats was observed by light and electron microscopy. The corresponding area of the mucosa of control group was also observed by light and electron microscope. RESULTS Under light microscope, the arrangement of cell was disordered in the 1st, 3rd, 7th days. But there is no damage of vascular gland structure. After 14 days, the disorder recovered. With electron microscope, edema of cells, expansion of perinuclear gap, disorder of cilia and microwilli was found in the 30 minutes, 1st, 3rd day. All these began recover in the 7th days, and completely restored in the 28th day. CONCLUSION 37℃ nomal saline drip can damage nasal mucosa, but the damage is light, which is characterized by disorder and shortage of cilia and microvilli, edema of the epithelial cells. And the damage can recover quickly. It began in the 30 minutes after instillation, reached its peak in the 3rd day. And the recovery began in the 7th day, and completed in the 28 day.

Objective To evaluate the contrast enhanced CT manifestations of lymphoma involving cervical lymph node and to compare with features of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Methods CT findings of cervical lymph node were reviewed in 56 patients (male 44, female 12; age: 9-75 year, median 42 year) with untreated lymphoma and 66 patients (male 51, female 15; age: 16-76 year, median 48 year) with squamous cell carcinoma. Four patterns of enhanced nodes were identified: Type I: homogeneous enhancement with an attenuation equal or similar to that of muscle. Type Ⅱ: heterogeneous enhancement with an attenuation much higher than that of muscle. Type Ⅲ: central low density with peripheral enhancement. The enhanced rim was thick and irregular (ⅢA), or thin and regular (ⅢB). Type Ⅳ: central soft tissue density with a very thin enhanced capsule. Results There were various manifestations of cervical nodes of malignant lymphoma, more than one type of abnormalities could be found simultaneously. Type I(47/56, 83.9%) and Type Ⅳ(15/56, 26 8%) were almost exclusively found in lymphoma. Type Ⅱ was more commonly seen in squamous cell carcinoma (31/66, 47%), but was rarely seen in lymphoma (8/56, 14 3%). Type Ⅲ can be seen in both of these disease entities (lymphoma 21/56, 37 5%; squamous cell carcinoma 52/66, 78 8%) , but was more common in squamous cell carcinoma ( P

Objective To evaluate the short-term therapeutic effects for patients with primary liver cancer using three-dimensional stereotactic conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT).Methods Twenty-eight patients with primary hepatic cancer were treated with 3D-CRT(the average overall dose was 38Gy,localized by Elscint twin flash slice CT,radiotherapy plan was designed by Leibinger three-dimensional radiotherapy planning system and operated on Varian 600C/D liner accelerator).The average follow-up time was 12 months(5-17mon.).Tumor volume response rate,rate of free from tumor progression and survival rate were analyzed.The adverse effects were studied simultaneously.Results According to follow-up CT results 3 months after radiotherapy,2 cases had full responses with disappearance of the tumors,while partial responses with decreased tumors mass were seen in 22 cases,and no response in 4 cases.Tumor volume response rate was 85.7%.The last follow-up CT results showed that in 5 patients there was tumor progression in planning target volume(PTV),in 10 cases there was intrahepatic progression but not in PTV,and in 4 cases extrahepatic tumor growth.Intrahepatic tumor free rates 6 months and 12 months after radiotherapy were 66.5% and 38.4%,respectively.6-month survival rate after radiotherapy was 88.6%,12-month survival rate was 70.5% after radiotherapy.During 3 months of radiotherapy,manifestations of subacute radiation injuries occurred in six patients:gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 2 cases,jaundice in 3 cases and subacute radiation hepatitis in 1 patient.No survivors suffered from long-term liver injury.Conclusions With little adverse effect,3D-CRT could raise the control rate of the hepatic tumor,and also short-term survival rate.There fore,3D-CRT is a valuable treatment for patients with primary liver cancer.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods From August 2001 to October 2006,36 patients over 70 years old with NSCLC were treated with 3D-CRT.Leibinger treatment planning system was used for drafting radiotherapy plan,the prescription dose was 40-80Gy(median,60Gy).Twenty-four patients received hypofractionated radiation every two days in 8-12 fractions at a dose of 5-8Gy per fraction;12 patients accepted conventional fractionated radiation with 30-40 fractions during 6 to 7 weeks.With median follow-up time of 11 months(range,5-54 mon.),tumor volume response rate,1-year and 2-year survival rate were investigated,adverse effects of the treatment were also recorded in present research.Results Of the 36 patients,clinical symptoms were improved in 33 cases,while no changes were observed in 3 cases.According to follow-up CT results 2-3 months after radiotherapy,8 patients showed complete response(CR),22 cases with partial response(PR),with the overall tumor response rate of 83.33%(30/36).In this group,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 66.67% and 36.11% with median survival time of 8 months(range,2-53 months).No patients suffered from serious adverse effects.Conclusions 3D-CRT was an effective and safe treatment for elderly patients with NSCLC,which could raise the survival rate and improve the quality of life with little adverse effects.