BACKGROUND:With the development of the oral cavity planting technology, dental implants have been strongly retained and stabilized, characterized as both aesthetic appearance and functional achievements. Especial y, they are accepted by more and more patients due to no damage to adjacent teeth. However, diabetes may not only lead to periodontal disease, but also result in delayed healing of the oral mucosa and alveolar bone as wel as infection. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the relationship between diabetes and peri-implantitis, and focus on the maintenance of dental implants for diabetic patients. METHODS:A computer retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for relevant articles published from January 1980 to January 2016 using the keywords of“diabetes;peri-implantitis”in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We confirm that diabetes is a relative contraindication to implant restoration, but the use of a series of methods that ensure the successful osseointegration, including blood glucose control, strictly prohibiting early loading or multi-implant restoration for single alveolar bone, anti-infection, implant surface modification, can make high success rate for diabetic patients. This brings the gospel to diabetic patients who hope to solve the problem of missing teeth by implant-supported prosthesis.

Adult ; Aged ; Apoptosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Pressure Ulcer ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skin ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and regulatory mechanism of ILK on angiogenesis in hypertrophic scar.

METHODSThe human scar microvascular endothelial cells (HSMECs) were isolated from 6 patients' hypertrophic scar in vitro. The HSMECs with good condition in 2nd to 4th generation were selected as experimental objectives. (1) HSMECs were divided into the blank control group (treated with routine culture), negative control group (treated with only Lipofectamine 2000), LY294002 group (incubated with 50 nmol/L LY294002), ILK siRNA group (incubated with 20 nmol/L ILK siRNA). RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of ILK mRNA and its protein after transfecion for 48 h. (2) The digested HSMECs of four groups were resuspended with DMEM without serum and then seeded onto the upper compartment of transwell insert which contained complete medium in its lower compartment. The cell migration experiment was stopped in 10 h and then the migrated cells were counted to analyze the effects of different interventions on the migration ability of HSMECs. (3) The thawed ECMatrix was put into each well of pre-colled 48-well tissue culture plate, and then the plate was put into the incubator at 37 degrees C to make it to become gel. The HSMECs of four groups were seeded onto the surface of the ECMatrix gel and were put into incubator. Eight random view-fields per well should be valued by the sheet of pattern recognition about angiogenesis after 8 hours to evaluate the ability of angiogenesis in vitro between four groups.

RESULTS(1) The expression of ILK mRNA (ILK mRNA = 0.829 +/- 0.109, t = 13.151, P = 0.006) and protein (ILK protein = 0.096 +/- 0.049, t = 36.656, P = 0.000) were both inhibited obviously in ILK siRNA group compared with the blank control group (ILK mRNA = 0.829 +/- 0.109, ILK protein = 1). And, the expression of ILK in LY294002 group was slightly lower than that of black control group, but there was no statistical difference. (2) The number of migrated cells in ILK siRNA group (88.111 +/- 3.079) and LY294002 group (138. 667 +/- 2.404) were respectively lower than that in blank control group (322.333 +/- 3.712, P < 0. 05) in 10th hour. (3) Compared to blank control group (4.333 +/- 0.191), the ability of angiogenesis in vitro decreased significantly ILK siRNA group (2.625 +/- 0.125) and LY294002 group (3.125 +/- 0.250), in which, the vascular network structures were not formed perfectly in 8th hour (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe ability of HSMECs' migration and angiogenesis in vitro are inhibited significantly when the expression of ILK is down-regulated. It reveals that ILK may play an role in the regulation of scar angiogenesis.

Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; enzymology ; pathology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lipids ; pharmacology ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; etiology ; pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; RNA, Small Interfering ; metabolism

Objective To investigate cerebral MRI characteristics of patients with eclampsia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 15 cases of eclampsia and items reviewed cover all data concerning clinical features,cerebral MRI findings and results of follow-up survey.Results All of these patients had clinical symptoms of.blurred vision,headache,seizure,hypertension,proteinuria and edema of lower extremity.As for the characteristics of imaging,13 cases had only abnormal symmetric signals in parieto-occipital lobes,frontal lobe and basal ganglia were involved in 2 cases,and temporal lobe was involved in 1 case.The signals of lesions in DWI were isointense or hypointense,however they were hyperintense in ADC map.Two cases had hyperintense signals in DWI.All the patients recovered well,and all brain lesions disappeared during follow up.Conclusion The most important imaging of eclampsia is vasogenic edema with a good prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling pathway in the skin lesions and wound healing in diabetic rats.

METHODSThirty-six SD rats were divided into diabetic wound group (D) and non-diabetic wound group (N) according to the random number table, with 18 rats in each group. 10 g/L streptozocin (60 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected in rats in group D, while the rats in group N were given same quantity of sodium citrate buffer. Two weeks after successful reproduction of diabetic model of rats in group D, two full-thickness skin of an area of 2 cm × 2 cm was resected on both sides of back of rats in the two groups. Wounds of three rats of each group were photographed and examined on post injury day (PID) 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21, and the wound healing rates were calculated. The non-injured skin and wound tissue (central part) on back of three rats of the rest 15 rats in the two groups were harvested on PID 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21, respectively. Morphology of the non-injured skin tissue was observed with HE staining, and the thickness of full-thickness skin and epidermis were measured. The mRNA expression levels of ILK, protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in non-injured skin tissue were determined with real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of ILK, Akt, phosphorylated Akt, GSK-3β, and phosphorylated GSK-3β in non-injured skin tissue, and ILK, phosphorylated Akt in wound tissue were assessed with Western blotting. Data were processed with two independent-sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, SNK test and analysis of variance of factorial design.

RESULTS(1) After injury, the wound scabs of rats in group N were dry, and red granulation tissue with no excretion were seen when the scabs fell off, and the wound healed fast. After injury, excretion under the wound scabs of rats in group D was seen, and the scabs easily fell off with exposure of pink granulation tissue with much excretion, and the wounds healed slowly. Except for PID 3, the wound healing rate of rats in group D was significantly lower than that in group N on other PIDs (with t values from 3.858 to 13.738, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) On PID 3, the hair follicles and blood vessels in the non-injured skin tissue of rats in group N were rich, and the epidermis was composed of stratified cells in form of basal cells and keratinocyte, and the hair follicles and blood vessels in the non-injured skin tissue of rats in group D were scarce, and the epidermis was nearly composed of one-layer of cells. The thickness of full-thickness skin and epidermis of non-injured skin tissue of rats in group N was similar from PID 3 to 21, and the thickness of full-thickness skin and epidermis of non-injured skin tissue of rats in group D on PID 3 was respectively (1 074 ± 66) and (15.1 ± 3.8) μm, and they gradually thinned out to (785 ± 122) and (9.7 ± 2.1) μm on PID 21, respectively. The thickness of full-thickness skin and epidermis of non-injured skin tissue of rats in group N were significantly thicker than those in group D on each PID (with t values from 4.620 to 23.549, P values below 0.001). (3) From PID 3 to 21, the mRNA expression levels of ILK and Akt in non-injured skin tissue of rats in group D were significantly lower than those in group N (with t values respectively 4.779 and 3.440, P values below 0.05), the mRNA expression levels of GSK-3β in non-injured skin tissue of rats were similar in two groups (t=0.363, P>0.05). (4) From PID 3 to 21, the protein expression levels of ILK, Akt and phosphorylated Akt in non-injured skin tissue of rats in group D were significantly lower than those in group N (with t values from 2.630 to 6.209, P<0.05 or P<0.01); the protein expression levels of GSK-3β in non-injured skin tissue of rats in two groups were similar (t=0.652, P>0.05); the protein expression level of phosphorylated GSK-3β in non-injured skin tissue of rats in group D was significantly higher than that in group N (t=4.131, P<0.001). The protein expression levels of ILK in wound tissue of rats in two groups were similar on each PID (with t values from 0.381 to 2.440, P values above 0.05). Except for PID 3, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated Akt in wound tissue of rats in group N were significantly higher than that in group D on other PIDs (with t values from 4.091 to 20.555, P<0.05 or P<0.01). From PID 3 to 21, the protein expression levels of ILK in wound tissue and non-injured skin tissue of rats in group N were similar (F=2.522, P>0.05), and the protein expression level of phosphorylated Akt in wound tissue was significantly higher than that in non-injured skin tissue (F=117.329, P<0.001); the protein expression levels of ILK in wound tissue and non-injured skin tissue of rats in group D were similar (F=1.337, P>0.05), and the protein expression level of phosphorylated Akt in wound tissue was significantly higher than that in non-injured skin tissue (F=184.120, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe skin lesion of diabetic rats may be related to the declined expression levels of ILK, Akt and phosphorylated Akt in the ILK signaling pathway. The refractory healing of wound in diabetic rats may be related to the declined expression level of phosphorylated Akt.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; enzymology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Skin ; injuries ; Wound Healing

The paper is aimed to investigate the effect of cyclosporine A (CyA) on the pharmacokinetics of ginkgolide B (GB) in rats, and to look for the mechanism of the changes in pharmacokinetic behaviors of GB. GB concentration in plasma, brain homogenate and urine samples of rats was determined by LC-MS. Effects of CyA on plasma levels, brain distributions as well as urinary excretions after intravenous administration of GB were evaluated. CyA co administrated intravenously at 10 mg kg(-1) or 20 mg kg(-1) significantly increased AUC(0-360 min) (P < 0.01) and decreased total CL of GB in rats. While co administrated CYP3A inhibitor itraconazole (ICZ) has no appreciable effect on the pharmacokinetic behavior of GB. CyA increased the brain uptake of GB in a dose-dependent manner. The brain distribution of GB was significantly increased at 5 min by different doses of CyA (P < 0.001), while at 20 and 60 min only high dose of CyA could significantly increase the levels of GB in the brain (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). Different P-gp inhibitors CyA or verapamil (VER) or digoxin (DGX) decreased the urinary GB excretion, the urinary excretion of GB in 0-8 h were about 34.8% (P < 0.001), 59.4% (P < 0.001) and 79.7% (P < 0.05) of the control, separately. No appreciable effect of ICZ was observed on urinary excretion of GB. Coadministration of P-gp inhibitors CyA could significantly increase the plasma level, accelerate the brain distribution and decrease the urinary excretion of GB.
Animals ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacokinetics ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Lactones ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution

Previous studies have demonstrated that integrin-linked kinases (ILKs) are abundantly expressed in extracellular matrix (ECM) riche dermis, hair follicles, and basal cells of epidermis. ILKs are not only essential for the maintenance of skin structure, but also play important roles in wound healing. ILKs can promote the formation of granulation tissue by stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts and secretion of ECM, accelerate wound contraction by inducing the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and boost reepithelization by promoting proliferation, migration, and differentiation of keratinocytes and follicle epidermal stem cells.

Objective To investigate the source and genetic background of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the year of 2006,in China. Methods From January to December 2006,a total number of 302 consecutive and non-repetitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were collected from 17 Teaching hospitals in 15 areas. Genotypes of SCCmec were determined by multiplex PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to type the house-keeping genes. The implementation of the spa typing method was straightforward,and the results obtained were reproducible,unambiguous,and easily interpreted. Results All areas but Dalian harbored SCCmec Ⅲ while Dalian harbored SCCmec Ⅱ most. There were two strains in Guangzhou,harboring SCCmec Ⅳ. There were four strains of sequence type(ST),with ST239 accounted for 46.7% and ST5 accounted for 44.4%. ST59 accounted for 6.7% and ST88 accounted for 2.2%. There were fourteen strains of Spa typing,with t30 accounted for 52.6% ; t37 accounted for 27.2% ; t2 accounted for 12.9% ; t632 accounted for 2.3% ; t437 accounted for 1.3% ; t570,t601 accounted for 0.7% ; t377,t459,t796,t899,t1152,t2649 accounted for 0.3% ; no-typing accounted for 0.3%,respectively,pvl gene was not detected. Conclusion The main clone strains were ST239-MRSA-SCCmec Ⅲ-t30,ST5-MRSA-SCCmec Ⅱ-t2,with unique geographic distributions across the whole nation.

OBJECTIVETo study the pulmonary pathology in patients died of fatal human influenza A(H1N1) infection.

METHODSEight cases of fatal human influenza A (H1N1) infection, including 2 autopsy cases and 6 paramortem needle puncture biopsies, were enrolled into the study. Histologic examination, immunohistochemitry, flow cytometry and Western blotting were carried out.

RESULTSThe major pathologic changes included necrotizing bronchiolitis with surrounding inflammation, diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hemorrhage. Influenza viral antigen expression was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of nuclear protein and hemagglutinin virus antigens in parts of trachea, bronchial epithelium and glands, alveolar epithelium, macrophages and endothelium. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rate of type II pneumocytes (32.15%, 78.15%) was significantly higher than that of the controls (1.93%, 3.77%).

CONCLUSIONNecrotizing bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hemorrhage followed by pulmonary fibrosis in late stage are the major pathologic changes in fatal human influenza A (H1N1) infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alveolar Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Antigens, Viral ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Autopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bronchiolitis, Viral ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; metabolism ; mortality ; pathology ; virology ; Lung ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and its effect on VEGF expression in fibroblasts from human hypertrophic scar.

METHODSFibroblasts were isolated from hypertrophic scar of 8 patients and cultured in vitro. Then the cells were divided into three groups: (1) Cells were cultured only in DMEM containing 10% FCS in the control group; (2) Cells were transfected with empty plasmid in the empty plasmid group; (3) Cells were transfected with plasmid expressing ILKcDNA in the ILK cDNA plasmid transfection group. First, the expression of ILK and VEGF was observed by immunocytochemistry before and after ILK cDNA transfection. Second, ILK and VEGF mRNA expression was investigated by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Third, the protein expression of ILK and VEGF was detected by Western blot. Finally, the protein level of VEGF in supernatant of fibroblasts was measured by ELISA.

RESULTSBefore ILK cDNA transfection, the expression of ILK was positive and the VEGF expression was weak in cytoplasm of fibroblasts . After ILK cDNA transfection, both the expression of ILK and VEGF was enhanced. The level of VEGF mRNA was significantly higher in ILK cDNA transfection group (0.338 +/- 0.060) than that in control group (0.022 +/- 0.001) and empty plasmid group (0.028 +/- 0.005, P < 0.05). The level of VEGF protein was significantly higher in ILK cDNA transfection group (0.819 +/- 0.019) than that in control group (0.607 +/- 0.033) and empty plasmid group (0. 591 +/- 0.024, P<0. 05). Secretion of VEGF increased remarkably in ILK cDNA transfection group comparing with the other two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSILK could up-regulate the VEGF mRNA and protein level in human scar fibroblasts. It may play an important role in the angiogenesis in hypertrophic scar.

Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; secretion ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism