Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy

Considering a variety of theories such like Dunkin's, Centra's and Kolitch's, a set of 13 indicators are designed to evaluate effect of courses taken in high education of China currently, compro-mised by chief aspects of course designing, practicing, and effect. Three courses including medical nursing, humanistic cultivation and communication skills in nursing and fundamentals of nursing in a nursing de-partment are chosen to be objects of questionnaire survey about the above indicators. The results show that there are significant differences in curriculum effectiveness between different courses. The scores are 2.81, 2.80 and 2.60 respectively, and teachers and students have different evaluation on the same indicators of the same curriculum,which provides a reference for teachers, colleges and universities and teaching management departments to promote the improvement of teaching quality.

Objective To investigate risk factors for hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods One hundred and eighty patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis B were included in the study. Those with liver steatosis (61 from 93 cases) and those without it (61 from 87 cases)were matched on gender and age ( ± 3 years). Results Body mass index (BM I) was significantly higher in case group (24 ±3) than that in controls (22 ±3) (P ＜0.01 ). No significant difference was found in fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urine acid, alanine aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase and hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA between the cases and controls ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ).Conditional logistic regression analysis with proportional hazard regression model statement by SPSS software showed that BMI was the only independent correlate to liver steatosis in patient with CHB ( OR = 1. 488, P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusions Liver steatosis in patients with CHB associates with BMI of the hosts, but does not correlate to their HBV DNA level.

Objective To explore the effect and its mechism of osteoprotegerin (OPG) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) induced by high glucose.Methods (1) The cultured HUVECs were treated with normal glucose(5.5 mmol/L),high glucose(33 mmol/L),high glucose + OPG(0.5,1,and 2 μg/ml)as well as mannitol(5.5 mmol/L glucose+27.5 mmol/L mannitol) for 48 h,respectively.Flow cytometry assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to detect the cell apoptosis.The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were measured by western blot analysis.(2) The cultured HUVECs were treated with normal glucose,high glucose,high glucose + OPG (2 μg/ml OPG),high glucose + rapamycin(10 ng/ml rapamycin) as well as high glucose + rapamycin + OPG for 24h,respectively.The expression levels of S6K,p-S6K,4EBP1 and p-4EBP1 protein were measured by western blot analysis.(3)The cultured HUVECs were treated with normal glucose,high glucose,high glucose + OPG(2 μg/ml)for 24 h,respectively.The expression levels of tuberin and p-tuberin protein were measured by western blot analysis.Results (1) Compared with normal glucose group,the apoptosis of HUVECs and the expression level of Bax was dramatically increased,and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased significantly in high glucose group (P＜0.05).The apoptosis of HUVECs and the expression level of Bax in high glucose + OPG group was significantly lower than that in high glucose group,which was still higher than that in normal glucose group (P＜ 0.05).and the expression of Bcl-2 in high glucose + OPG group was significantly higher than that in high glucose group,which was still lower than that in normal glucose group (P＜0.05).There was no statistically difference between hyperosmolar control group and normal glucose group.(2) Compared with normal glucose group,the expression levels of p-S6K and p-4EBP1 were increased markedly in high glucose group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of p-S6K and p-4EBP1 in high glucose + OPG group were significantly lower than that in high glucose group,which were still higher than that in normal glucose group(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between high glucose + OPG group and high glucose + rapamycin group.(3) Compared with normal glucose group,the expression level of p-tuberin was increased markedly in high glucose group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of p-tuberin in high glucose + OPG group was significantly lower than that in high glucose group,which was still higher than that in normal glucose group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions It suggests that the protective effect and mechanism of OPG on HUVECs cultured with high glucose may be association with tuberin/mTORC1 pathway.

Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) after feeding high-fat-diet for 8 weeks,and divided into diabetes group and tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis ligand(TRAIL) group.Normal rats severed as a control group.Treatment with TRAIL lasted for 3 months.Total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,blood glucose,and insulin levels were decreased in TRAIL group,as compared with diabetes group.Area of atherosclerotic lesion in TRAIL group [(23.8 ± 5.7) ％] was significantly smaller than that in diabetes group [(47.6 ± 7.8) ％].It suggested that TRAIL may reduce the area of atherosclerotic lesion in diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the main active ingredients in the dried stem bark of Daphne giraldii Nitsche.Methods Severialchemical compounds like vladinol D, pinoresinol, daphneticin, daphnoretin, daphnetin, giraloid A and giraldoid B were isolated from the stem barks. The CCK-8 experiemnts were analyzed for the cytotoxicity study. The cells were divided into the control group, the model group and the treatment group according to random number table method. The control group and the model group were added with 50μl culture medium. Moreover, treatment group was added with different concentrations (50.00, 25.00, 12.50, 6.25, 3.12μg/ml) of the solutions of giraloid A, giraldoid B and daphneticin. Then, RAW264.7 cells were treated with 50μl LPS (4μg/ml) for 24 h in the model group and treatment group. Griess reagent was used to determine the amount of NO release, and the secretion of TNF-α was detected by ELISA kit.Results Cytotoxicity test indicated that giraldoid A (50.00μg/ml), giraldoid B (50.00μg/ml) and daphneticin (50.00μg/ml) showed noobvious cytotoxicity. Giraldoid B (12.50, 25.00, 50.00μg/ml) could inhibit the production of NO (271.86% ± 20.92%, 256.48% ± 20.92%, 199.31% ± 15.16%vs.358.62% ± 28.64%) and  TNF-α (647.87% ±115.79%, 618.42% ± 87.52%, 588.33% ± 87.94%vs. 1035.06% ± 58.29%) in RAW264.7 induced by LPS compared with the model group. Giraldoid A (25, 50μg/ml) could inhibit the production of NO (234.99% ± 34.28%, 167.36% ± 25.76% vs.358.62%±28.64%) and TNF-α (691.76% ± 60.37%, 534.01% ± 41.60% vs. 1035.06% ± 58.29%) in RAW264.7 induced by LPS compared with the model group. Daphneticin (12.5, 25, 50μg/ml) could inhibit the production of NO (283.89% ± 36.69%, 243.08% ± 48.19%, 225.92% ± 33.67% vs.358.62% ± 28.64%) and TNF-α (713.77% ± 121.96%, 670.62% ± 18.70% vs. 1035.06% ± 58.29%) in RAW264.7 induced by LPS compared with the model group.Conclusions Giraldoid A, giraldoid B and daphneticin exhi bited anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting the release of NO and the production of TNF-α in RAW264.7 induced by LPS.

Objective To investigate the pathologic foundation,clinical characteristics and CT features of microscopic polyangiitis(MPA)with lung involvement.Methods Clinical data of 6 patients of MPA with lung involvement in 2003-2006 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The types of lung imaging manifestations as the followings:(1)Mutiple flaky shadow in both lung in 3 cases.(2)Ground-glass shadow in 1 case.(3)Disseminated interstitial lung involvement in 2 cases.The main respiratory symptom was haemoptysis except cough and expectoration.Renal damaging often occurred besides the lung.Six cases with positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)and 5 cases with positive P-ANCA/MPO-ANCA were found in laboratory examination.Conclusions The CT manifestations of MPA with lung involvement have no characteristic features.Clinical characteristics and laboratory examination can help to understand and diagnose MPA with lung involvement early.

The training of airway management plays a vital role in standardized residency training plan during the rotation in the department of anesthesiology.Problem based-learning and airway simulation practice should be applied step by step based on the different requirements of standardized residency training plan.The training should be started from mask ventilation to endotracheal intubation,meanwhile clinical thinking ability and teamwork ability should be cultivated for the residents so that they can master the technique of airway management skillfully whenever and wherever.

Objective:To investigate the role of Smad7 in the Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) migration and proliferation and its clinical significance.Methods:Through transfecting pcDNA3.1 (+)-Smad7 or siRNA Smad7 to overexpress or knockdown the Smad7 expression in HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7.The MTT assays were used to test the role of Smad7 in proliferation of HCC cells.Transwell and wound-healing assays were used to detect the effect of Smad7 on migratory ability in both tow cell lines.RT-PCR was used to test the Smad7 expression in 9 clinical HCC patients' specimens.Results:As the results,overexpression of Smad7 significantly inhibited the proliferation of cells compared with the control group,while knockdown Smad7 promoted the proliferation.At the same time,overexpression of Smad7 could inhibit the migratory ability of HCC cells compared with the control group,while knockdown smad7 could accelerate this ability.The expression of Smad7 in cancer tissue was significantly lower compared with normal mucosa tissue adjacent to cancer.Conclusions:Smad7 is a kind of anti-progressive molecule in HCC.

Objective To investigate the effect of physical training on plasma N-terminal pro-brain natri- uretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Eighty NYHAⅡ-ⅢCHF patients were randomly divided into a training group(n=42)and a control group(n=38).A 6-minute walk- ing test was performed within 24 hours after the patients were admitted.The 6-minute walking distance and plasma NT-proBNP levels were determined before and after 8 weeks of programmed physical training.The patients of both groups were treated with routine drugs for heart failure.6-minute walk training was only performed in the training group twice a day for 8 weeks.Results Physical training could significantly reduce plasma NT-proBNP levels and improve performance on the 6-minute walking test.Conclusions Physical training could significantly reduce plas- ma NT-proBNP levels and improve the motor function of patients with CHF,and could be helpful in delaying the de- velopment of CHF.