Recently early noni-nvasive diagnostic techniques of bladder tumor are the hot resear- ches,which is significantly important for guiding clinical therapy and prognosis.This article will review the advancements of noninvasive diagnosis of bladder tumor in recent years and compare the new develop- ments with traditional exfoliative cytology test of urine,typical cystoscopy and improved cystoscopy.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of hospital infection of hematological disease, so as to provide reference for clinical therapy. Methods: Bacterial strains and antimicrobial resistance of pa-tients with hospital infection in Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2013 were identified and analyzed retrospectively. The specimens were from their blood, urine, sputum, throat swabs and etc. Results:Among the total of 168 isolates of bacteria,the majority of the bacteria strains were from sputum (42. 9%);114(67. 9%) bacteria strains were gram negative and 54(32. 1%) bacteria strains were gram positive;the pathogen testing showed that 20. 8% were Pseudo-monas aeruginosa,18. 5% Escherichia coli,17. 9% Staphylococcus aureus, 9. 5% Klebsiellar pneumonia, 5. 9% Staphylococcus epidermis and 27. 4% other bacteria ;The gram negative bacilli to cefepime, ami-kacin and carbapenems showed the lowest antimicrobial resistance rates, and S. aureus showed the lowest antimicrobial resistance rates to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion:Patients with hemopathy are the main population of hospital infections, the gram negative bacteria are the most common pathogens. It is very important to promptly know the change in distribution of the pathogens in order to rationally select antibiotics and reduce the incidence of bacterial infections.

ObjectiveTo analyse treatments and prognostic factors of T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL). MethodsNinety-one patients with T-NHL were retrospectively analyzed, and clinical features,histopathology, laboratory data were included in Kaplan-Meier and prognostic analysis. Results Median age was 38 years,58 (63.7 ％) had high-intermediate and high risk by IPI,72 (79.1％) presented with advanced stage disease,extranodal disease was present in 64.8 ％ of patients.The overall response rate (ORR) for the whole group was 63.8 ％,and the estimated 3,5-year ORR were 55.5 ％,41.3 ％ respectively.Compared with CHOP-like regimen, the addition of etoposide could improve the survival of patients, meanwhile radiation therapy could improve the outcome of patients with NK/T cell lymphoma and mediastinal bulky disease, and consolidation chemotherapy with HSCT could improve the survival and reduce the recurrence of patients.Clinical stage,B symptoms,ECOG score,the level of LDH,extranodal involvment,anemia,initial treatment outcome, IPI score, the level of serum albumin and fibrinogen were predictive to overall survival. Cox multivariate analysis showed initial treatment outcome and B symptoms were independent prognostic factors.IPI and m-PIT were useful for stratified patients into different prognostic risk groups. Conclusion T-NHL is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with an inferior long term outcome. New treatment modality needs to be explored for these patients,and new drugs and HSCT may be good choices.

Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics,treatments and prognosis of the chemotheray-induced lung injury in malignant hematological diseases patients.Methods 26 malignant hematological diseasespatients with chemotheray-induced lung injury were collected.The clinical characteristics,chemotherapy regimen,treatments and prognosis of the patiants were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 26 patients,10 patients were male and 16 patients were famale.The dignosis were nonHodgkin's lymphoma (16 cases),leukemia (9 cases) and multiple myeloma (1 case).The chemotherapy regimens inducing lung injure probably were R-CHOP,R-BEACOP and BEACOP in lymphoma,while they were HA,AA,DA and IA in leukemia.The symptoms of lung injury in these patients were fever,cough,hemoptysis,dyspnea,fatigue,or asymptomatic radiological examination revealed.Pulmonary diffuse infiltration and shadows were showed in CT scan.21 cases were cured by hormone therapy,5 cases died of lung injury,2 cases died of tumor recurrence after lung injury cured.There was no effect on the quality of life in most cured patients.Conclusion The lung injury induced by chemotherapy has no specific clinical characteristics and diagnostic criteria,and it could progress rapidly to cause death.But early dignosis and early hormonal treatment can obtain good therapeutic effect.The occurrence regularity and clinical characteristics should be studied furtherly.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment options, and prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients complicated with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). Methods:The case of MM concurrent with EMP are rare. During the period between June 2005 and June 2013, clinical experience, diagnosis, and treatment of MM with EMP cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Fourteen cases were diagnosed with MM complicated with EMP in the Third Hospital of Peking Uni-versity, Beijing, China. Among these 14 cases, seven were males and seven were females. The mean age of patients was 56.9 years (ranging from 40 to 80 years old). Nine of the cases were diagnosed with EMP during the preliminary diagnosis, and the remaining five cases developed EMP during the course of treatment. Among the 14 cases, six were solitary EMPs and eight were multiple EMPs. Among the multiple EMP cases, five died, one showed disease progression, and two demonstrated partial regression. Conclusion:The prognosis of MM complicated with EMP is poor. Thus, new treatment strategies should be further explored.

Objective To analyze the toxicity of dose adjusted-BEACOP (DA-BEACOP,classic CHOP regimen plus etoposide and (or) bleomycin with or without rituximab) regimen for poor-prognosis lymphoma.Methods 89 patients with poor-prognosis lymphoma who had been treated in-patient at Peking University Third Hospital during August 2002 and February 2012 were retrospectively studied.All patients received at least 1 cycle of DA-BEACOP regimen.Results 3-4 grade adverse events were observed in 74 (83.1％) patients,most of which was myelosuppression (73 cases,82.0 ％).There was not death related with the treatment.Compared to male patients,female patients suffered higher rates of grade 3-4 of toxicity (94.2 ％,33/35 vs 75.9 ％,41/54) (P =0.024).The rate of grade 3-4 of hematological toxicity in patients who were pretreated with ≥3 cycles of chemotherapy than that in patients receiving≤2 cycles of chemotherapy (95.9 ％,47/49 vs 75.0 ％,30/40) (P =0.004),while the rate of 3-4 hematological toxicity in pret-radiotherapy posed patients was higher than that in their counterparts who did not receive radiotherapy (95.9 ％,47/49 vs 75.0 ％,30/40) (P =0.022).Conclusion The DA-BEACOP regimen showed manageable toxicity in patients with poor-prognosis lymphoma.

Objective To explore the influence of hematopoietic growth factors on the TBI patients in the conditioning regimen for stem cell transplantation,and to evaluate the effect of cytokines on treatment of acute radiation disease.Methods The usage of hematopoietic growth factors,implantations and the side-effects of the patients and donors of TBI in the conditioning regimen for stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analysed from 1990 to 2012,and the effect and side-effects of cytokines on the hematopoietic function recovery and stem cell mobilization were observed.Results All patients recovered from their hematopoietic function except one died due to the side-effecs.The median time of white blood cell recover was 10 d in auto-SCT and 12 d in allo-SCT in the G-CSF group.The median day of platelet recovery was 11.67 ± 1.53 in rhIL-11 arm and 13.70 ±6.27 in no rhIL-11 arm in the auto-SCT group.The incidence rates of dental ulcer and diarrhea in the TBI patients were 48％ and 44％,respectively.The occurrence of side-effect was rare in the period of cytokines treatment,but was over 50％ during stem cell mobilization.Conclusions Cytokines play very important roles in the hematopoietic function recovery and stem cell mobilization in the TBI patients.

Objective To optimize the enamel electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral processing by using the EPR spectral simulation method to improve the accuracy of enamel EPR dosimetry and reduce artificial error.Methods The multi-component superimposed EPR powder spectral simulation software was developed to simulate EPR spectrum models of the background signal(BS) and the radiation- induced signal (RS) of irradiated enamel respectively.RS was extracted from the multi-component superimposed spectrum of irradiated enamel and its amplitude was calculated.The dose-response curve was then established for calculating the doses of a group of enamel samples.The result of estimated dose was compared with that calculated by traditional method.Results BS was simulated as a powder spectrum of gaussian line shape with the following spectrum parameters:g =2.00 35 and Hpp =0.65 - 1.1 mT,RS signal was also simulated as a powder spectrum but with axi-symmetric spectrum characteristics.The spectrum parameters of RS were:g(1) =2.0018,g (11) =1.996 5,Hpp =0.335 - 0.4 mT.The amplitude of RS had a linear response to radiation dose with the regression equation as y =240.74x + 76 724 ( R2 =0.9947 ).The expectation of relative error of dose estimation was 0.13.Conclusions EPR simulation method has improved somehow the accuracy and reliability of enamel EPR dose estimation.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of slightly acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water for the disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes.Methods Electrolyzed oxidizion water generator was utilized to produce the water,which was applied for the disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes.The disinfectant efficiency and effect were evaluated.Results A total of 215 samples were taken for bacterial culture after the disinfection.The mean sterilization efficiency of slightly acidic electrolyzed oxidized water and 2％ glutaraldehyde by machine were 99.92％ and 99.85％,respectively,while the mean sterilization efficiency were 99.85％ and 99.84％ by manual disinfection.There were no statistical significance between the two groups.The effective rates of both groups were 100％.No deformation or aging was observed in the endoscopes.The disinfectant caused no damage to the cleansing and disinfection.Conclusion It is feasible to apply slightly acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water to the disinfection of endoscopes.

Background The deficiency of limbus stem cells will cause various kinds of the disorder of eye surface,in serious condition,it will lead to corneal conjunctivalization,chronic inflammation,lasting deficiency of corneal epithelium and corneal opacity accompanying long-term visual loss.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how to establish and evaluate the successful model of total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).Methods Twenty Japanese white rabbits aged 3-5 months were selected.The limbus corneal epithelium was removed from 1 mm inner to 2 mm outer of the limbus 100-150 μm in deep,and the total central epithelium and shallow stroma were simultaneously removed in the left eyes using scalpel.The experimental eyes were examined by slitlamp 2,3,4,5 weeks after operation,and the inflammatory score was performed according to corneal opacity,corneal neovascularization and corneal flurescein dye using international universal rating criteria of LSCD model.Cornea tissue was obtained in various time points mentioned above to examine the structural change and goblet cells.The expression of cytokeratin 3(CK3) in the cornea was detected using indirect immuno-fluorescence staining.Fisher Exact Probability method was used to compare the successful rate of models in different time points.Results The successful rate of models rate was 12.5％,62.5％,81.3％ and 87.5％,respectively 2,3,4,5 weeks after operation,showing a significant difference between the 3-week group and 2-week group (P =0.009).However,no significant differences were found in the model successful rate between the 3-week group and the 4-week group,the 4-week group and the 5-week group (P =0.465,0.200).There was a little difference between the 3-week group and the 5-week group(P=0.049).The mean time of achieving successful model was(3.21 ±0.80) weeks.The result of hematoxylin & eosin staining showed the edema of cornea stroma,a mass of inflammatory cells infiltration and new vessels.Goblet cells could be found by Periodic acid-Schiff staining 5 weeks after operation.Expression of CK3 was absent in the corneas of successful model eyes.Conclusions The LSCD model can be successfully established by cutting off the epithelium of limbus and central cornea,and the average time of model formation is about 3.2 weeks.