Objective To investigate the effect and perioperative nursing experience of surgical operation on patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury caused by traumatic cervical spine fracture. Method Fifty-nine patients with traumatic cervical spine fracture in our hospital from January 2011 to 2014 were nursed perioperatively, including before operation , training accttenty with swallowing and blowing balloons besides basic nursing care , and after operation , mental care , close observation and functional exercises postoperatively. Results The operation time was (110.5+13.0) min, the amount of bleeding was (155.6+7.5)mL. Three patients developed hematoma compression, 13 patients developed high fever. All patients were cured after treatment and nursing. Conclusion Preoperative training of swallowing and blowing balloon is fundamental for ensured surgical effect and intraoperative surgical cooperation and close observation together with postoperative mental care, close obsersation and functional exercise are the guarantee for surgical effect.

BACKGROUND:Chitin has been found to be a good biomaterial, but research on chitin carrying corneal epithelial cel s for rabbit corneal epithelial injury is little reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the repair outcomes of chitin hybrid membrane carrying corneal epithelial cel s in the rabbit corneal epithelial injury.METHODS:Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were enrol ed and made into left corneal epithelial injury models, and then randomized into two groups and treated with chitin hybrid membrane carrying corneal epithelial cel s (experimental group) and chitin hybrid membrane (control group), respectively. The damage area, histological changes and ultrastructure of the cornea were observed at 1, 3, and 7 days after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Damage area of the cornea in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group at 1 and 3 days after implantation (P<0.05), and the cornea in both two groups healed wel at 7 days after implantation. At 7 days after implantation, in both two groups, the corneal epithelium with six layers adhered to the corneal stroma closely, which was repaired completely and regularly. Comparatively speaking, the cornea in the experimental group possessed smooth outer layer. Besides, in the experimental group, the hexagonal corneal epithelial cel s arranged closely with flat surface;while the hexagonal corneal epithelial cel s in the control group showed no smooth surface and gaps between cel s. These results indicate that chitin hybrid membrane carrying corneal epithelial cel s promotes the repair of rabbit corneal epithelial injury.

BACKGROUND:Chitosan nanoparticles-encapsuled sodium hyaluronate is an effective drug for the burned cornea. OBJECTIVE:To verify the effect of sodium hyaluronate/chitosan nanoparticles on the neovascularization in burned cornea. METHODS:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, and the model of burned cornea caused by base was established in the rats of model and experimental groups, fol owed by respectively treated with 10μL sodium hyaluronate/chitosan nanoparticle suspension and normal saline, once daily, for consecutive 4 weeks. Rats only given normal saline were used as controls. Four weeks later, the dynamic growth of newly formed blood vessels in the cornea was observed using silt lamp. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6 were detected by ELISA, histological changes of the cornea were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase 2 were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the area of the newly formed blood vessel and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase 2 were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the experimental group, al above indicators were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). There were a large number of inflammatory cel s and neovascularization in the model group, but only few inflammatory cel s in the experimental group. These results show that sodium hyaluronate/chitosan nanoparticles can inhibit the neovascularization in the burned cornea.

The compatibility of kanamycin with sodium citrate for the formulation of kanamycin sulfate injection was determined, including optimization of the amount of sodium citrate in the injection and the sterilization process. An HPLC coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was used to measure the amount of sodium citrate and the impurity profiles. A validated post-column derivatization HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector (FLD) was used to determine the correlation between specific impurities in a domestic factory and sodium citrate, and then the formulation was evaluated by HPLC coupled with mass detector (MS) characterization of degradation products. The results show that the amount of sodium citrate in kanamycin sulfate injection from a domestic factory is about 40 times higher than that of the Meiji formulation. Several specific impurities can be detected in solutions heated under simulated sterilization conditions (121 ℃), which were correlated with the amount of sodium citrate. Impurities were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS, and data showed that the identified impurities were interaction products of kanamycin and sodium citrate. These results indicate that greater attention should be directed at formula optimization in domestic factories, as it is crucial to the safety and efficacy of the preparations. Drug-excipient chemical compatibility should also be evaluated in the development of pharmaceutical dosages forms especially when the active pharmaceutical ingredients have a primary amine group.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for rapid screening and simultaneous determination of 10 preservatives in eye drops and assess their antimicrobial effectiveness. METHODS: A Waters XBridge C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) was used, and the mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid-methanol-THF eluted in gradient mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 214 nm. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the preservatives was assessed according to Ch. P 2015. RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear in the range of the corresponding test concentrations (r=0.999 3 -1.000 0). The recoveries were between 96.1%-101.8%. One of the eye drops products did not meet the requirement of Ch. P 2015. CONCLUSION: The established method is rapid and inexpensive. And it ensures excellent simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility and can be used for rapid screening and determination of the contents of preservatives in eye drops. The amount of preservatives should be established during the R&D period or determined according to the results of antimicrobial effectiveness test rather than using empirical values.

Purpose To investigate the clinical application of iodine concentration using dual-energy contrast enhanced CT in distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods Patients with a total of 90 pathology proven thyroid nodules (60 malignant, 30 benign) underwent dual-energy contrast enhanced CT scanning. The iodine concentration and CT value were measured in arterial phase and venous phase, then the normalized iodine concentration (NICnod) and the normalized CT value were calculated. All results were compared in each groups, while morphology and capsule of these nodules on iodine image were analyzed. Results The morphology and capsule of nodules on iodine image were significantly different between benign and malignant nodules (Z=- 4.55, P<0.05). On iodine image, the sensitivity of partial capsule diagnosing malignant nodules was 78.33% with specificity of 66.67%. The NICnod and normalized CT value for normal group, benign group and malignant group showed significant differences in arterial phase and venous phase (F=36.87-69.89, P<0.05); the NICnod and normalized CT value between benign group and malignant group showed statistic difference in arterial phase (Z=- 3.48- -2.33, P<0.05), and those among normal group, benign group and malignant group also showed statistic differences (Z= -7.01- - 4.87, P<0.05). NICnod had significant correlation with normalized CT value in each phases (r=0.89, 0.74 and 0.75, P<0.05). When using NICnod and normalized CT value of 0.76 and 0.79 to differentiate malignant thyroid nodules, the area under ROC curve values were 0.91 and 0.92. NIC and normalized CT value showed a good consistency with iodine map in venous phase (Kappa=0.762 and 0.768), Combining morphology and capsule of nodules on iodine image, the sensitivity was 90.01% and the specificity was 93.60%. Conclusion Iodine concentration with dual-energy contrast enhanced CT scanning can differentiate malignant from benign thyroid nodules; combining morphology and capsule of nodules improves the accuracy of diagnosis.

BACKGROUND:RADA16 is a mature amphiphilic self-assembling peptide, which can be assembled into nanofibers, and promote MC3T3 E1 cellattachment, spreading and proliferation.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of the new-type self-assembling peptide hydrogel NBD/RADA16 on osteogenic differentiation of mouse preosteoblasts MC3T3 E1.
METHODS:The MC3T3 E1 cells were inoculated in NBD/RADA16 self-assembling peptide hydrogel and RADA16 hydrogel for osteogenic induction. cells undergoing simple osteogenic induction served as controls. After culture for 1, 3, 6 days, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was detected. After 7 days, western blot assay was used to determine the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2. After 21 days, alizarin red staining was used to observe calcified nodules.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MC3T3 E1 cells grew wel on the NBD/RADA16 peptide hydrogel, which were superior to those on the RADA16 hydrogel. The activity of alkaline phoshpatase was higher in the NBD/RADA16 group than the RADA16 and control groups (P<0.01). Compared with the RADA16 hydrogel, mineralized matrix deposition and expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 were higher on the NBD/RADA16 peptide hydrogel (P<0.01). These findings indicate that the NBD/RADA16 peptide hydrogel is superior to the RADA16 hydrogel for promoting the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3 E1 cells.

Objective:To analyze the activities of human NKG2D ligand MICA/B promoter induced by 5-Fu.Methods:The 5'-end flanking regions of MICA /B promoter and their different truncated fragments were amplified from A549 genome by PCR. The resulting amplicons were cloned into pGL3-Basic vector to generate the MICA/B luciferase reporter plasmids. All the constructs were transiently transfected A549 cells. The promoter region activities were determined by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effect of 5-Fu on the promoter activities of MICA/B was also tested.Results and Conclusion:The 5'-end flanking regions of MICA /B promoter and five of their different truncated fragments were successfully obtained. The normalized luciferase reporter gene activities driven by the above promoters and fragments were 3.61,2.26,1.63,0.313,0.711 and 0.663 for MICA and 17.49,10.11,7.398,0.822,0.997 and 0.49 for MICB,respectively. Promoter activities in transiently transfected A549 cells treated by 20,40,80,160 and 320 μg/m of 5-Fu increased 1.69,1.48,1.62,1.55 and 1.78 fold for MICA and 1.44,1.87,1.38,1.19 and 1.25 fold for MICB. Our results suggest that 5-FU can significantly up-regulate the promoter activity of both MICA and MICB.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane post-conditioning on oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction during rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and to explore its cerebral protective mechanism.Methods Thirty-six health male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 220-260 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 each): sham control group (group Sham), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (group IR), sevoflurane post-conditioning group (group SPC).Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established, ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion 24 h.Rat middle cerebral artery was not occluded in group Sham.Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established in group IR.Group SPC was subjected to 2.6% sevoflurane for 15 min in the beginning of reperfusion.At the end of reperfusion, rats were cut off the head to take out the brain tissue.The expression level of Iba-1 and HO-1 proteins was measured by western blot.The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-1β and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated.Results Compared with group Sham, the expression of cerebral cortex Iba-1 protein was higher than that in groups IR and SPC (P＜0.05), the expression of Iba-1 protein in group SPC was lower than that in group IR (P＜0.05).Compared with group Sham, the contents of ROS, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β were increased in groups IR and SPC (P＜0.05), but the activity of SOD and expression of HO-1 protein were decreased (P＜0.05).And the contents of ROS, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β in group SPC were less than those in group IR, the activity of SOD and expression of HO-1 protein in group SPC were higher than those in group IR.Conclusion Sevoflurane post-conditioning can mitigate the microglia activation, reduce cerebral oxidative stress and inflammation, thus protect rat cerebral against ischemia reperfusion injury.

0.05)].Maternal serum concentrations of TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in DM group [(3.6?0.9)and(4.8?0.6)mmol/L] compared with GIGT group [(2.7?0.7)and(3.8?0.9)mmol/L] and GDM group [(2.9?0.7)and(3.7?0.8) mmol/L](P0.05).The incidence of fetal distress in the GIGT group(9.8%)was lower than that in DM group(20.2%)and GDM group(21.4%,P