Child ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; etiology ; virology ; Male

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; surgery ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use of anti-epileptic drugs. METHODS:In this retrospective review,serum concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs in a total of 499 patients who were treated with anti-epileptic drugs (such as sodium phenytoin,phenobarbital,carbamazepine and valproate sodium) in our hospital during 2007 were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Among the patients receiving one kind of anti-epileptic drugs,206 cases (61.49%) were within normal range in blood concentration versus only 45 cases (44.12%) for patients receiving combined drugs. In addition,the above four drugs (sodium phenytoin,phenobarbital,carbamazepine and valproate sodium) were detected in 59.68% of the patients who took Chinese medicines,and among them,3.23% were within normal range in blood concentration. CONCLUSION:Monitoring on serum concentrations of anti-epileptic drugs is conducive to a better control of therapeutic concentration. It is advisable to refrain from using anti-epileptic drugs in combination but to adopt individualized administration. In addition,great importance should be attached to whether there are chemo-synthetic drug components contained in Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use situation and trend of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs during 2007～2009 in a military sanatorium, and provide reference for the rational use of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs and its essential medicines. METHODS: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs in the rehabilitation center during 2007～2009 were analyzed statistically in the respect of category, consumption sum and DDDs. RESULTS: The consumption sum and DDDs of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs were increasing in the past three years. And its essential drugs account for 94.8%.The most widely used drugs were cerebrovascular drug, brain metabolism drug, nootropics and antihypertensive drugs. Oxiracetam and Xueshuantong were widely used cerebrovascular drug, brain metabolism drug and nootropics. Amlodipine were widely used antihypertensive drugs in the clinic. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs and its essential drugs were characterized with complex classification, numerous categories, extensive application and potential market demand, which require rational use of drug should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of Essential Drug Systems on primary medical institutions. METHODS: According to related regulations for primary medical institutions in Suggestions on the Implementation of National Essential Drug Systems, the problems on the implementation of Essential Drug System were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS: The concepts of essential drug were not promulgated widely. Present essential drug supply guarantee system had limitation and essential drug distribution was kept at low level. Essential drug quality guarantee system had not been established and compensation supporting measures weren’t carried out completely. Above problems affected the implementation of Essential drug system in primary medical institutions. CONCLUSIONS: Government should set up multi-channel compensation mechanism and comprehensive evaluation mechanism for drug bidding, and select distribution enterprise rationally. Government also should increase the proportion of medical cost reimbursement in primary medical institution and improve the propaganda of National Essential Drug System.

Medical workers are the main designers and participants of clinical trials.In this consideration,popularization of good clinical practice (GCP)knowledge among them can improve their execution of trials,standardize basic clinical trial requirements,protect legitimate rights and health/safety of the subjects,and make the trial results more reliable.These objectives,if accomplished,will upgrade the clinical trials competency of medical institutions in China,and encourage healthy growth of the medical and pharmaceutical industry.The paper probed into the occupation qualification system of clinical trial workers and their supervision mechanism,inclusion of GCP into the continuing education system.

Objective To investigate the gene expression pattern of metabotropic glutamate receptor- Ⅰ ( mGluR-Ⅰ ), D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) -induced rat hippocampal slice epileptic seizure model. Methods In vitro rat hippocampal sclice was continously perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 50 μmol DHPG, and epileptic seizure model was established (DHPG group, n = 3). cDNA microarray chip was applied to explore the gene expression pattern in DHPG group, the differentially expressed genes were screened in comparison with control group ( n = 3), and functional classification analysis was conducted. Results There were 206 up-regulated genes and 489 down-regulated genes, among which 67 up-regulated genes and 86 down-regulated genes differentially expressed by 1.5 fold, 6 up-regulated genes differentially expressed by more than 2.0 folds, and 25 down-regulated genes differentially expressed by less than 0.5 fold. Functional classification analysis revealed that differentially expressed gene function involved in protein binding (19 genes), molecular function, calcium ion binding and nucleotide binding. Conclusion Epileptic seizure and roles of mGluR-Ⅰ agonist may be related to various genes, which is a complicated process. This experiment provides evidences for further researches.

Objective To study the effect of cell wall polysaccharide (CWP) of Thallus Laminariae (TL) on thrombosis and blood coagulation.Methods Thrombosis was induced by arteriovenous shunt,ligation of inferior vena cava and electric stimulation of common carotid artery,after intraperitoneal injection of CWP or nomal saline for 3 days.The weight of thrombus and the occlusion time were examined in the normal saline group and high-dose (100 mg/kg) and low-dose (20 mg/kg) groups of CWP of TL.Blood coagulation time (CT),plasma prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured to observe the effect of CWP on blood coagulation.Results Compared with the control group,both high-dose CWP of TL and low-dose CWP can obviously decrease the weight of thrombus and prolong the occlusion time,CT and APTT.High-dose CWP could also prolong PT obviously,the differences being significant.Low-dosa CWP also prolong PT,but the difference was not significant statistically.Conclusion CWP of TL can inhibit the thrombus formation and blood coagulation in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of partial liquid ventilation(PLV) with perfluorocarbon(PFC) on pulmonary surfactant during beatment of acute lung injury(ALI) induced by oleic acid. MethodsTwenty-four male Japanese white rabbits weighing 2. 1-2.6 kg were randomly divided into three groups(n = 8 ineach group): groupl: normal animal + mechanical ventilation (MV); group 2: ALI + MV; group 3: ALI +PLV.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 100 mg/kg, trachectomized and mechanicallyventilated (FiO_2 = 1, RR = 35 bpm, I: E = 1: 2, PEEP = 5 cm H_2O, PaCO_2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg byadjustment of tidal volume) .In group 2 and 3 ALI was induced by infusion of oleic acid 150?g/kg via centralvenous catheter over 30 min period. ALI was considered established when PaO_2 /FiO_2 was

Objective To investigate the clinical features,critical laboratory parameters,and fetal monitoring methods in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP).Methods A retrospective analysis of 21 cases of ICP suffered with fetal death in Women's hospital.School of Medicine.Zhejiang University from January 1999 to December 2010 were discussed.Results(1)The average age of ICP patients suffered with fetal death were(30.2±4.6)years old.Among them,4 cases were older than 35 years,six cases were multipara.oneo of them suffered stillbirth 2 year before.Twenty cases were singleton pregnancies and 1 cage was twin pregnancy.(2)All 21 cases of fetal death occurred in the third trimester,12 cases occurred before 37 weeks,9 cases after 37 weeks.Nine cases were diagnosed by ultrasound in outpatient clinics,fetal heart beat disappeared in 9 patients after admission because of ICP, two disappeared after labor, one during anesthesia before emergent surgery. Perinatal mortality rate of ICP was 0. 148% (21/14 184), and fetal death occurred from 29 to 41 weeks with an average gestational age of ( 33.8 ± 4. 2 ) weeks, ( 3 ) Puritus occurred in all 21 cases while 11 of them had pruritus all over the body. Ten pregnant women felt the fetal movement decreased or disappeared before diagnosis of fetal death. The glycocholic acid levels increased in all of the 21 cases. Among them, glycocholic acid levels in 11 cases were (21.49 -64. 48) μmol/L, while in 10 cases were ≥64. 48 μmol/L Serum bile acid levels elevated in 16 cases which had been analyzed ( the other 5 cases had not been checked ), and the highest level reached 270 μmol/L Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased in 14 cases. Seven cases had their total bilirubin ＞21 μmoL/L, and 12 cases had their direct bilirubin levels significantly elevated. Among the 21 cases of ICP, 15 cases were in severe status, while the other 6 cases were mild. (4) Nine patients had no antepartum surveillance since fetal death were diagnosed before admission. The results of antepartum surveillance were as follows: 2 cases had nonreassuring nonstress test (NST), one had mild "V" type deceleration. Absence of diastolic flow in umbilical artery were found in 3 cases, and low fetal biophysical score was got in one case. ( 5 ) All 21 patients had vaginal delivery. Six of them delivered after natural contraction, and the remaining 14 cases delivered after oral intake of mifepristone and amniotic injection of ethacridine, or oxytocin induced labor within 48 hours, only one case delivered after additional dinoprostone suppositories. The appearance of fetus, placentas and membranes were normal, the lengths of umbilical cord were average. Four cases were found with cords binding the necks or the bodies. Eighteen cases had grade Ⅲ amniotic fluid with meconium-stained, and 2 cases complicated by oligohydramnios. Ten cases had their fetuses and placentas examined by pathologist. Among them, one case had multiple malformations, no more obvious pathological abnormalities were found in other fetuses. Pathologic examination showed that fibrin deposited around chorion and deciduas basalis, large vessels accompanied by calcification, degeneration,hemorrhagic infarction, and increased focal syncytial nodules could be seen in all of the ten placentas. Conclusions Fetal death in pregnant women with ICP of ten occurs after the contractions, Severe ICP may be a key factor that involved in the occurrence of fetal death. Up to now, there is no valid indicators in fetal monitoring, which can predict fetal death. Extensive assessment of the severity and careful antepartum surveillance should be achieved before timely termination of pregnancy.