Objective to investigate a new synthesis for the preparation of fosfomycin tromethamine and to seek for the opti‐mized process and crystallization conditions .Methods An inorganic method ,utilizing in situ generated tromethamine bisulfate to re‐act with fosfomycin sodium was used to gain fosfomycin tromethamine .Results After the optimization of reaction and crystalliza‐tion condition ,it can produce fosfomycin tromethamine .Conclusion Inorganic acid salt synthesis technology is feasible with high yield .

Objective To observe the changes of choroidal thickness after ranibizumab treatment for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with macular edema,and determine the association between choroidal thickness and visual acuity.Methods Twenty-three eyes from 23 patients diagnosed with NPDR and diabetic macuiar edema were treated with 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.The subfoveal choroidal thickness and central macular thickness were measured,and the best corrected visual acuity was recorded.Changes of subfoveal choroidal thickness,correlation between subfoveal choroidal thickness and best corrected visual acuity were assessed at 3 months follow-up.Results After 3 monthly anti-VEGF treatments,subfoveal choroidal thickness and central macular thickness decreased significantly,there was no statistical difference at 1 month and 2 months compared with pre-treatment (all P ＞ 0.05),but there was statistical differences at 3 months compared with pre-treatment (P =0.04,0.01).In the treatment,the best corrected visual acuity increased gradually,there was no statistical difference at 1 month and 2 months compared with pre-treatment (all P ＞ 0.05),but there was statistical differences at 3 months compared with pre-treatment (P =0.04).Before the treatment,the subfoveal choroidal thickness was positive correlated with macuiar retinal thickness (R2 =0.94,P =0.00);And the best corrected visual acuity before treatment and 3 months after treatment had a positive correlation (R2 =0.93,P =0.00;R2 =0.82,P =0.00).There was a positive correlation between central macular thickness and best corrected visual acuity at 3 months after treatment (R2 =0.83,P =0.00).There was a positive correlation in the best corrected visual acuity between before treatment and 3 months after treatment (R2 =0.84,P =0.00).Conclusion The subfoveal choroidal thickness is a clinical index to evaluate the efficacy of anti-VEGF in the treatment of diabetic macuiar edema.Baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness can be considered as one of the indicators of clinical efficacy in the short term.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors regarding overall survival in locally advanced stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients after receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT).Methods Each of 80 patients with locally advanced ESCC was treated by doxtel 135-175 mg/m2 d1 and cisplatin 40 mg/m2 d2,3 combined with radiotherapy 60 Gy.ECOG (0-1),tumor locations,tumor sizes,TNM classifications as well as the levels of CA199,SCC-Ag were detected before concurrent treatments and 4 weeks after treatment.The relationship wasanalyzed between the prognosis of disease and CA199,SCC-Ag levels.Each index was studied by Cox statistical regression analysis and P value was determined.Results All patients had completed 4 cycles' treatments successfully.The major adverse effects included neutrophilic granuloaytopenia,calvities,nausea,emesis and diarrhea.The severe effect was Ⅲ degree neutrophilic granuloaytopenia for 2 cases (2.5 ％),all the side-affect had recovered after symptomatic treatments.The median survival time were 50 months and 72.5 months in the patients who were greater than 60 year-old and less than or equal to 60 year-old,respectively (P =0.004).Regarding to 5-year overall survival,the figures were 73.3 ％,69.4 ％,41.7 ％ and 0 in the patients with cT1-2N1M0,cT3N1M0,cT4NoM0 and cT4N1M0 classification,respectively (P =0.024),they were 42.9 ％,70.0 ％,and 60.9 ％ in the patients with upper thoracic esophagus,middle thoracic esophagus,and lower thoracic esophagus,respectively (P =0.971),they were 100 ％ in the patients with ECOG 0 and 54.1％ in the patients with ECOG 1 (P =0.044),they were 86.7 ％ in the patients with CA199≤37 kU/L,and 52.0 ％ in the patients with CA199 more than 37 kU/L (P =0.008),they were 95.5 ％ in the patients with SCC-Ag≤ 1.9 μg/L,and 53.4 ％ with ＞1.9 μg/L (P =0.012).Conclusion For ESCC patients treated with CRT,the age,TNM stage,ECOG,CA199 and SCC-Ag levels are independent forecasting factors regarding their overall survival.

Objective ， To investigate the role of serum chemokines and oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers in occupational （ silicosis） Methods silicosis hereinafter referred to as . A total of 58 patients with stage Ⅰ silicosis were selected as the - （ ）， research subjects using convenient sampling method. The serum levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 Nrf2 -（ - ） - （ - - ） - heme oxygenase 1 HO 1 and 8 isoprstaglandin F2α 8 iso PGF2α were determined by enzyme linked immunesorbent assay. （ ） （ - ） The serum levels of lipid peroxide LPO and total antioxidant capacity TAOC were determined by chemistry colorimetric method. - - （ - ）， Luminex flow fluorescence technology was used to detect the serum levels of interferon γ inducible protein10 IP10 macrophage （ ）- ， - - （ ） inflammatory protein MIP 1α MIP1β and macrophagederived chemokine MDC . The above indicators were analyzed by factor Results - analysis. The information extraction rate of the original indicators of the nine biomarkers was 58.5%96.5%. Four common ， ， （ ） ， factors were extracted including Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway helper T cell Th 1 dominant chemotaxis the total ， ， ， ， ， oxidation/antioxidant balance and Th2 dominant chemotaxis whose variance contribution rates were 32.2% 19.1% 16.4% ， ， Conclusion - and 11.8% respectively and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.5%. Both the oxidant antioxidant ， disturbance and the dominance chemotaxis are involved in the occurrence and development of silicosis and the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway plays the most critical role.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of different indications of blood transfusion on the treatment and complications in anemia of prematurity, and to investigate the suitable and reasonable indication of blood transfusion for our country.

METHODSNinety six hospitalized premature infants with birth weight less than 1500g and stay in hospital equal or more than 2 weeks were enrolled in the retrospective study and divided into two groups according to different indications of blood transfusion. There are 54 cases in observation group 1 (with strict indications for transfusion) and 42 cases in observation group 2 (with loose indications for transfusion).

RESULTSIn the observation group 1, the total amount of blood transfusion \[M(P25, P75):71.0(43.25, 107.25) ml\] and the times of blood transfusion \[3.00 (2.00, 4.00) times\] are both higher than those of the observation group 2 \[36.0 (29.50, 56.25) ml and 1.50 (1.00, 2.25) times, respectively, P = 0.00 1\]. The days of mechanical ventilation and the days of continuous positive airway pressure were more in the observation group 1, but oxygen supplement in the two groups had no significant difference. In observation group 1, the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, fungal infection rate and mortality were higher than those of the observation group 2 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAnemia of prematurity easily led to the complications, and had obvious influence on the survival of premature infants. Clinician should consider concrete conditions of every patient before blood transfusion. It has positive significance on the survival of premature infants to loosen the indication properly and make the use of blood scientifically and rationally.

Anemia ; mortality ; therapy ; Blood Transfusion ; Contraindications ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Retrospective Studies

The study is to explore the effect of total glucosides of paeony (TGP)on Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway expression in kidney of diabetic rats, and discuss the protection of TGP in diabetic nephropathy and possible mechanism. Ninety male SD rats of 8 weeks age were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 10) and model group (n = 80). Rats of the normal control group were fed with regular diet, while rats of the model group were fed with high-fat high-sugar diet and 4 weeks later were given an intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg x kg(-1) streptozotocin (STZ). The successfully induced type 2 diabetic rat models were then randomly divided into DM group, three TGP (50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) treatment group and tripterygium wilfordii glycosides (8 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) control group. Rats of DM group and each treatment group were given high-fat high-sugar diet. At week 14, the levels of blood sugar, 24 hour urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were tested. The rats were then sacrificed. Renal pathological changes were examined. Renal tissue Wnt-1 and β-catenin expressions were detected by immunohistochemical assay. Wnt-1 mRNA and β-catenin mRNA expression was semi-quantified by RT-PCR. Wnt-1 protein and β-catenin protein expression was semi-quantified by Western blot. The Result show that Wnt-1 and β-catenin expression increased in kidney of high-fat high-sugar induced type 2 diabetic rats. Compared with diabetic group, the level of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, 24 h urine protein, mean glomerular area and mean glomerular volume were decreased, renal histopathology were improved, expression of Wnt-1 and β-catenin mRNA and protein was reduced in TGP group. Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides had the similar effect. In conclusion, these results showed that Wnt/β-catenin abnormal activation in kidney of type 2 diabetic rats, TGP can improve kidney damage in diabetic rats and delay the development of diabetic nephropathy by inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; Wnt1 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

To simply and rapid authenticate Lonicera japanica. Rapid allele-specific PCR primer was designed base on trnL-trnF 625 G/T Single nucleotide polymorphism and the PCR reaction systems including annealing temperature was optimized; optimized results were performed to authenticate L. japanica and its 9 adulterants. When 100 x SYBR Green I was added in the PCR product of 87 degrees C initial denatured 1 min; 87 degrees C denatured 5 s, 68 degrees C annealing 5 s, 30 cycle; L. japanica visualize strong green fluorescence under 365 nm UV lamp whereas adulterants without. The results indicate rapid allele-specific PCR could authenticate L. japanica and its adulterants rapidly and simply.
Alleles ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Lonicera ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo observe the anti-inflammatory effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus on LPS-induced RAW264. 7 macrophages.

METHODThe effect of total saponins of P. japonicus of different concentrations on RAW264. 7 cell viability was determined with the MTT method. The NO kit assay was adopted to detect the NO release of total saponins of P. japonicus to LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta). The reverse transeriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ,TNF-alpha,IL-1beta. The protein expression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB p65 (NF-kappaB p65) was tested by Western blot.

RESULTThe safe medication range of total saponins of P. japonicus was less than 80 mg x L(-1). Compared with the LPS model group, total saponins of P. japonicus high, middle and low dose groups (0.1, 1, 10, 40 mg x L(-1)) could significantly reduce the secretion of NO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta of LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells, and inhibit the expressions of iNOS, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA and the protein expression of NF-kappaB p65.

CONCLUSIONThis study preliminarily proves the protective effect of total saponins of P. japonicus on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Its action mechanism may be related to NF-kappaB signal pathway.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; immunology ; Nitric Oxide ; immunology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; immunology ; Panax ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference in therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal granule decocted separately and mingly.

METHODSOne hundred patients of functional dyspepsia of Spleen deficiency and Liver stagnancy type were treated with Jianweishu Granule (JWSG, a self-formulated recipe by the author). Half of the patients received JWSG decocted separately, half of them received that decocted mingly. The therapeutic effects between the two groups were compared. Experimental observation on the effects of differently decocted remedies in rats was also conducted.

RESULTSThe therapeutic effects obtained in the two groups were similar, with respective cure rate of 72% and 70% and the total effective rate 96% in both group. There was insignificant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Experimental study all showed no difference between the differently decocted remedies in inhibiting gastric acid, pepsin activity, gastric function regulation, small intestine movement improvement and pain alleviation in rats.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effects of JWSG decocted separately or mingly are the same. This fact provides a scientific basis for clinical use of granule form of single Chinese herbs.

Adult ; Animals ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach Ulcer ; drug therapy ; Yang Deficiency ; drug therapy

Professor LI Zhi-dao, according to acupoint selection of syndrome differentiation in TCM basic theory, concluded a new therapy, namely "tonifying three qi" that is mainly based on three acupoints in the Conception Vessel. This method is consisted of Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Qihai (CV 6) in the Conception Vessel, which could successively nourish clear qi, stomach qi and original qi. In clinic, according to the severity of symptoms of three qi, the acupoints are selected flexibly, which could respectively treat deficiency of heart-lung qi, deficiency of stomach-spleen qi and deficiency of original qi. Some examples are also given in the article.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; methods ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Qi