Objective To explore the relationship among social support, postpartum depression and quality of life of puerperal women. Methods A total of 348 puerperal women were investigated with Postnatal Social Support Questionnaire,Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between social support and the quality of life (r=0.483, P < 0.01), and a significant negative correlation to postpartum depression (r=-0.243, P < 0.01),and a significant negative correlation between postpartum depression and quality of life (r=-0.408, P<0.01). Intermediary effect of postpartum depression was tested. Conclusions A good social support system is benefit to improve depression scores for EPDS, and promote the life quality in puerperal women.

Objective To evaluate the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) in mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) and Alzheimer disease (AD) using DTI technique, and to explore the relationship between WM abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction. Methods Nine cases of amnestic MCI, 15 cases of mild probable AD and 11 cases of normal controls (NC) with normal-appearing WM (NAWM) were studied using 3. 0 T MR system. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured in different WM areas. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the difference among the three groups for DTI indices. Spearman Correlation analysis was applied to reveal the correlation between the DTI indices and the MMSE and CASI scores. Results The FA value in parietal, centrum semiovale, posterior cingulate gyrus, parahippocampus, temporal and frontal WM in MCI was 0. 31 ± 0.03,0. 39 ± 0. 03,0. 62 ± 0. 05,0. 59 ± 0. 05,0. 47 ± 0. 08,0. 32 ± 0. 04, respectely, and MD value was ( 899 ± 30 ) × 10-6,(782±53) × 10-6, (732±45) × 10-6, (806±38) × 10-6, (772 ± 55) × 10-6, (792 ± 35) × 10-6 mm2/s. The FA value of these regions in AD was 0. 28 ± 0. 04, 0. 37 ± 0. 03,0. 55 ± 0. 06,0. 52 ± 0.05,0.40±0. 05,0. 27 ± 0. 04,and MD value was (912±37) × 10-6,(800 ± 67) × 10-6, (762 ± 46) × 10-6, (874±57)×10-6,(822±55)×10-6, (822±39)×10-6 mm2/s. The FA value in NC was 0.36±0.03,0.43±0.05,0.64±0.05, 0.60±0.05, 0.52±0.05,0.33±0.03, and MD value was (866±37)×10-6,(754±54)×10-6,(718±32)×10-6,(810±39)×10-6,(755±48) × 10-6, (785±23)×10-6 mm2/s. Compared with NC, the FA value in parietal WM was significantly decreased in MCI(P<0. 01 ), The significantly reduced FA values in parietal, centrum semiovale, posterior cingulate gyrus, parahippocampus, temporal and frontal WM , as well as significantly elevated MD values were found in AD(P <0. 05). There was significant correlation between these DTI indices and MMSE and CASI scores (P<0.05). Conclusions MR DTI can detect WM abnormalities in AD and MCI. The parietal WM abnormalities and the disconnection of WM circuitry may play an important role in the development of dementia.

The rats were assigned to blank control group, classical induction group, and drynaria total flavonoid group. Whole bone marrow culture method was applied to isolate and purify rats bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Akaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodes, TGF-β1 and BMP-2 secretion in the process of bone mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation were detected. The results showed that compared to the blank group and classical group, drynaria total flavonoid promoted osteogenic differentiation accompanied with increased TGF-β1 and BMP-2 secretion (all P＜0. 05). Drynaria total flavonoid may promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via upregulating TGF-β1 and BMP-2 expressions, and play an active role in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the association of multi-modality neuroimaging features and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Nine individuals with amnestic MCI (aMCI), fifteen patients with mild probable AD, and eleven age-controlled cognitively normal controls (NC) were recruited.All participants were administered with mini-mental status examination (MMSE) and Cognitive assessment screening instrument (CASI) to assess general cognitive function.Optimized voxel-based morphometry ( VBM ) was used for the analysis with 3-D high resolution anatomical images.Values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean apparent diffusivity coefficient (ADC) were measured from different brain regions on diffusion-tensor images ( DTI) .The relationship between structural atrophy and DTI-based measurements in the selected brain regions was examined.Results The scores of MMSE and CASI were correlated with the volumetric changes in such areas as temporal, frontal and parietal lobes, and cingulate gyrus and hippocampal gyrus (P <0.001).The scores of MMSE and CASI were positively correlated with FA values, and negatively with ADC values in the white-matter-affected regions including temporal, frontal, parietal lobes, cingulate gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus (P < 0.05).Conclusions Cognitive decline was associated with atrophy and white matter microstructural alterations in temporal, frontal, parietal lobes, cingulate gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus in MCI and AD. Multi-modality imaging technique may be important in elucidating the brain mechanism of cognitive impairment.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations of familial acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE)and to improve the recognition of this disease. Methods The clinical data of a 25 - month - old girl with fa-milial and recurrent ANE with evidence of mutation in the RANBP2 gene were collected and analyzed,and the gene examination of their family members was performed. Results A previously healthy girl experienced recurrent ANE epi-sodes at the ages of 8 months,18 months and 25 months,respectively. At each beginning of each episodes the patient presented with lethargy and tremor of limbs following febrile illness of 3 - 4 days,even developed coma and convulsions in the last time. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral and high T2 signal changes in thalamus,cerebellum and hippocampus. Abnormal signals also appeared in the brainstem,claustrum,corpus scallosum and cortex(temporal, parietal and cingulate)also appeared abnormal signals. Spinal MRI showed spinal cord involvement. The girl recovered after her first episode;she could speak but could not walk steadily after the second time;after the third episode,al-though she regained consciousness from coma,she could no longer speak or walk. The patient's sister died of encephali-tis at the age of 18 months. Her paternal uncle had suffered from dysnoesia from meningitis at his 17 months of age. The patient and her grandmother,father,uncle and one of her aunts harbored a mutation(c. 1754C ﹥ T)in RANBP2 gene. Conclusions Familial ANE has typical clinical manifestations and characteristic MRI findings. The patient with recur-rent history,especially with positive family history,should have the mutation in RANBP2 gene detected earlier in order to clarify the diagnosis of ANE.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Cyclosporin A (CsA) and cholic acid on reducing the human liver cell damage induced by α-amanitin (AMA).Methods According to the previous research results,the minimum hepatocellular survival concentration against αt-AMA (1.4 g/L),the experiment was conducted in 5 groups:control group,damage group,glycochenodeoxycholic acid group,CsA group,and CsA combined with cholic acid group (CsA+ taurocholic acid,CsA+ chenodeoxycholic acid,CsA+ glycocholic acid,CsA+ glycochenodeoxycholic acid,and CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid).For each group,there were 3 time points for observation (24 h,48 h and 72 h after attacking),CsA and CsA+ glycochenodeoxycholic acid was used to protect hepatocytes,respectively,and morphological changes in cells were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope,and the live cells were counted by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method,and aspertate aminot ransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the culture supernatant were detected by biochemical method.Results Compared with the control group,hepatocellular growth in the injury group was obviously suppressed,with progressive cellular apoptosis and significantly decreased absorbance value of MTIT (0.345 ± 0.021);the activity of AST and ALT increased gradually,reaching the highest after 72 h [(98.4 ± 6.7) U/L and (116.2 ± 9.5) U/L,respectively].Compared with injury group,broken organelles decreased significantly and absorbance value elevated in glycochenodeoxycholic acid group,CsA group and CsA combined with cholic acid group,and at each time point,the highest absorbance value in the CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid group [the highest was (0.656 ± 0.014),P ＜ 0.05];at the same time,the activity of AST and ALT didn't increase obviously,at each time point,the lowest in CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid group [the lowest was (22.3 ± 6.2) U/L and (20.2 ± 5.4) U/L,P ＜ 0.05,respectively].Conclusions CsA,as well as cholic acid,can protect human liver cells from the attack of α-AMA.The mechanism may be CsA,as an organic anion transfer peptide in humans (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3) suppressant,inhibits the absorption of α-AMA.The joint application of CsA and taurochenodeoxycholic acid is superior to the single OATP substrate or inhibitor.

Background Intraorbital implantation of coralline porous hydroxyapatite (CHA) is a favorable cosmetic method after enucleation.However,the low degree of vascularizatiou in implant results in implant infection and exposure.Studies showed that a collagen composite sponge treated by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/ collagen composite sponge) can promote angiogenesis.However,whether bFGF/collagen composite sponge improves the vascularization of CHA implants is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the accelerating effect of bFGF collagen composite sponge on vascularization of orbital implant made of CHA using 99Tcm-methylene diphosphate (MDP) scan.Methods Forty-five New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups.Evisceration of eyeball was performed on the left eyes of rabbits,and naked CHA,collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA and bFGF/collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA were implanted into the orbit respectively in 3 groups.99Tcm-MDP of 3 mCi was injected in the rabbits via ear vein in 2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks,and the vascular enhancement intensity on implants was observed 3 hours after injection.The ratio of average radioactive count from the area of interest with the same size between the left eyes and the right eyes was calculated.The implants were extracted for histopathological examination in the 12 weeks.Results As the lapse of postoperative time,the inflammation response gradually disappeared and no exposure of implants was seen during the 12-week duration.A similar vascular development strength was found in the area of interest among the 3 groups 2 weeks after surgery.However,the vascular development was significantly enhanced in the left eyes compared the right eyes from 4 to 6 weeks,with the highest intensity in the 8th week in the naked CHA group and collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA group.In the bFGF/ collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA group,the strongest image was in the 6th week after operation.The ratios of average radioactive count between the left eyes and the right eyes were significantly higher in the bFGF/collagen somposite sponge wrapped CHA group compared with the naked CHA group and collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA group (all at P＜0.05),and ratios of average radioactive count of the collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA group was significantly higher than that of the naked CHA group (all at P＜0.05).New blood vessels ingrowed toward the center of the implants through the coralline porous under the optical microscope.Conclusions Both bFGF (20 μg)/collagen composite sponge and collagen composite sponge can accelerate the ingrowth of vessel in the CHA,but the promoting effect of bFGF collagen composite sponge is prominent.

Objective To report a simple formula to estimate phosphate removal by standard four-hour hemodialysis in Chinese patients.Methods A total of 165 MHD patients in Huashan Hospital were enrolled.Effluent dialysate samples were collected during treatment to estimate the total amount of phosphate removal.Pre-dialysis levels of serum phosphate,potassium (K+),hematocrit(Hct),parathyroid hormone(iPTH),carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP),alkaline phosphatase (AKP),Kt/V,and ultrafiltration volume,age,gender,dry body weight,blood flow,phosphate clearance of dialyser,phosphate concentration of dialysate at 60 min after the start of HD were obtained.80％ observations were randomly selected for formula building by backward stepwise and the remaining 20％ observations were used to validate the formula.Results The formula was described as Tpo4 =88.6 ×C60-0.03 ×Age + 1.07 ×Gender +0.06 ×Clearance-4.59,where C60 was phosphate concentration in dialysate measured 60 min into HD and Clearance was the phosphate clearance of dialyser.Formula validation further suggested good predictive ability.Conclusion This study derives an approach to quantify phosphate removal by a simple formula,which will be helpful for clinicians to treat patient individually.

Objective To construct vector expressing soluble mPDL1-hIgGFc and study its effect on the proliferation and apeptosis of cells in vitro. Methods The extrncellular domain of mPDL1 gene was amplified from pmPDL1 vector by PCR and inserted into phIgGFc vector. The recombinant pmPDL1-hIgGFc was transfected into CHO cells by LipofectAMINETM2000, and the transfected cells were named as CHOp. The expression of mPDL1-hIgGFc in the culture supernatants of CHOp was assayed by ELISA and Western blot. The effects of CHOp culture supernatants on mixed lymphocyte culture(MLC) was analysed by Flowm-etry. Results The extracellular domain of mPDL1 gene were obtained from PCR. DNA sequencing and the identification of digestion by HindⅢ and KpnⅠ indicated the recombinant plasmid pmPDL1-hIgGFc was suc-cessfully constructed. ELISA and Western blot analysis proved that the CHOp could express mPDL1-hIgG-Fc. CHOp culture supernatants could inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the activa-ted T cells in MLC in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The mPDL1-hIgGFc protein could in-hibit lymphocyte proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the activated T cells.