Collateral circulation may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.However,aiming at improving the treatment of collateral circulation,it has not yet got the reliable clinical validation now.Therefore,undergoing the study of collateral circulation first in the animal models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has important practical significance.This article reviews the methods of rat chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models,neurobehavioral evaluation,cerebral perfusion assessment,collateral circulation pathways,and the experimental research status of improving collateral circulation.

Objective: To investigate the changes in serum CD44v6/v EGF(sCD44v6/sVEGF)levels after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients and to analyze the correlation of serum markers with patients'prognosis. Methods: The sCD44v6/v EGF levels were detected by ELISA in 50 inoperable NSCLC patients before and after concurrent chemorediotherapy. Results: The sCD44v6 and sVEGF levels before treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group.The pre-treatment sVEGF level was closely related to cTNM stage.metastasis,cell differentiation and primary tumor size,but was not correlated with histological classification,lymph node status,age or gender.The pre-treatment sCD44v6 level was closely correlated with cTNM stage,metastasis,cell differentiation,and primary tumor size,but was not correlated with histological classification,age or gender.Patients'sCD44v6 before treatment(570.89±63.30 ng/L)was significantly higher than that after treatment(281.44±74.28 ng/L).Patients'sVEGF before treatment(241.09±85.96 ng/L)was significantly higher than that after treatment(133.64±67.69 ng/L).PD patients had the highest level of sCD44v6 and sVEGF and CR patients had the lowest sCD44v6 and sVEGF level.The sVEGF level was highly correlated with sCD44v6(r=0.291,P<0.05).Conclusion:The sCD44v6 and sVEGF levels might be helpful for evaluation of the biological behavior and prognosis of NSCLC.

Objective To study the relationship between occupational stress and metal health of radiation workers.Methods Totally 220 radiation workers were investigated by Chinese perceived stress scales questionnaire,Chinese health questionnaire-12,as well as questionnaire related to radiology.Results The stress score of radiation worker with senior title was 18.18 ± 6.12,which was the lowest of all 220 participants.There was positive relationship between stress score and health score (r =0.484).19.1％ of the workers sometimes felt stressed due to the danger of work.Conclusions There are some significantly correlation between occupational stress and metal disorder.More attention should be paid on the occupational stress.Positive measures such as decompression and psychological intervention will be helpful to protect physical and mental health of radiation workers.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of testing amino acids levels in brain microdialysate by method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with α-aminobutyric acid (AABA) as the internal standard.MethodsReversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), orthophthaladehyde (OPA) precolumn derivatization method and fluorescence detector were used. The separation was performed using an ODS-C18 column. AABA, an isomeric compound of GABA, served as the internal standard, phosphate buffer solution and methanol as the mobile phase, gradient elution lasted in 35 min.Results7 kinds of amino acids and internal standard were separated completely. The mean recovery of amino acid was 88.2%—102.3%. The mean correlation coeffeicient of the linear relationship was 0.998±0.0015.Limits of detection for amino acids were 1.0—8.6 ppm respectively.ConclusionThe method mentioned above is simple and sensitive for operation, and can be used for determined levels of amino acids in microdialysate.

Angiogenesis is an important pathophysiological process of body response after cerebral ischemia.Angiogenesis is activated in a few hours after cerebral ischemia.It can promote neuronal remodeling and neurological function recovery.Studies have shown that the microvessel density is positively correlated with the long-term survival rate in patients with stroke after cerebral ischemia.This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms and imaging evaluation of angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the value of CT and MRI in diagnosis and directing clinical management of vertebral burst fracture.Methods The imaging features of vertebral burst fracture in 66 cases were analyzed,including cervical vertebrae 6,thoracic vertebrae 3,thoracolumbar area 48,and lumbar vertebrae 9 cases.There were 50 male and 16 female,the average age was 35 years.CT and MRI were taken in all patients.Results CT clearly demonstrated the vertebrae and accompanying appendix fracture,spinal canal stenosis and retropulsed fragment.While MRI in showing injury and tear of ligament and intervertebral disc,abnormal signals due to spinal cord compression were superior to CT.Conclusion CT in combination with MRI in diagnosis and directing surgical management is of important value.

Objective To observe the pathological change of visceral pleura in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to discuss the relationship between the changes and COPD airflow limitation. Methods A total of 70 patients received the pulmonary lobectomy or partial resection because of lung tumor in Tianjin Chest Hospital from May 2014 to August 2015 were selected in this study. According to the results of pulmonary function test, the patients were divided into COPD group [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/ forced vital capacity (FVC) <70%,n=40] and control group (FEV1/FVC≥70%,n=30). The lung tissues, which was not the lesion areas, were used to make tissue sections. The Elastica Van Gieson (EVG) method was used to stain the sections. The thickness of visceral pleural and the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural were observed and calculated under a microscope in the two groups. Results The specimens were derived from upper and middle lobes in 22 cases of COPD group, and from lower lobe in 18 cases. Specimens were derived from upper and middle lobes in 17 cases of control group, and from lower lobe in 13 cases. There were no statistical differences in sampling sites between two groups (χ2=0.019,P>0.05). The visceral pleural thickness and the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural were significantly thinner in COPD group than those of control group ( P<0.01). In both COPD group and control group, visceral pleural thickness was significantly thinner in upper and middle lobes than that of lower lobe (P<0.05), but the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural of upper, middle lobes showed no statistical difference compared with that of the lower lobe (P>0.05). Conclusion The thinner visceral pleural and the reduction of elastic fibers in visceral pleural are one of the causes of expiratory airflow limitation in COPD patients.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the method and clinical outcomes of feeding tube placement and periopera-tive nutritional support for esophageal carcinoma patients. Methods:A total of 513 esophageal carcinoma patients who have undergone radical resection and reconstruction by a single operating group between January 2012 and December 2013 participated this study. Feed-ing tubes were inserted via the nasal path of 497 cases and by jejunostomy in 16 cases. Early enteral nutrition (EN) was administered through the feeding tubes 24 h postoperatively with a stepwise increase, whereas supplementation of parenteral nutrition (PN) was ter-minated until total EN. Results:Feeding tubes were successfully inserted in all patients during operation. No death or nutritional and metabolic disorders were documented during the observation period. No differences in anastomotic fistula, pulmonary complication, and incision infection were identified between the nasointestinal and jejunostomy groups (P>0.05). A higher incidence of intestinal ob-struction was observed in the jejunostomy group than in the nasointestinal group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Effective placement of nasoin-testinal tube and early enteral feeding are safe and effective methods for patients who have undergone esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To explore clinical features and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolated from pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection, and to provide evidence for clinical use of antibiotics. Methods A total of 6 358 clinical SP isolates from children with lower respiratory tract infection from January 2008 to December 2012 were col-lected and retrospectively analyzed. The antibiotic sensitivity was done by Kirby-Bauer method and E-test, and all results were in strict accordance with the rules of CLSI. Results The isolated SP strains were mainly from different departments of pediatrics. All clinical cases with SP infection mainly included pneumonia and bronchitis. The resistance rates of 6 358 SP strains to penicil-lin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, levolfoxacin, vancomycin were 5.0%, 12.9%, 98.7%, 96.0%, 92.2%, 7.3%, 5.6%, 0.2%and 0.0%respectively, and the resistance rate to penicillin and cefotaxime was signiifcantly different in every years (all P<0.05). The resistance rates of the 318 penicillin-resistant SP strains to the above anti-biotics were 100.0%, 42.6%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 99.2%, 23.6%, 6.8%, 0.6%, 0.0%respectively, and the resistance rate to penicillin and cefotaxime was signiifcantly different (P=0.001). Conclusions The antibiotic resistance rates of SP strains isolated from children with lower respiratory tract infection were higher to erythromycin, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline, and an increasing rate in drug resistance to cefotaxime was observed in recent years. Appropriate antibiotics should be selected for the treatment of infection according to drug sensitivity.

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic stress on the expression of uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) and Bcl-2 protein in hippocampal neurons of rat depression model.Methods Rat depression models were established by chronic unpredicted mild stress.All rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups:control group and model group.Flow cytometry was applied to detect the apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential.The level of LDH was measured by enzymes labelling instrument.The number of neurons was measured by immunohistochemistry.The expression of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein was measured by Western blotting.Results After chronic stress,the apoptosis rate((4.35±0.19) ％)and LDH activity ((445.50±91.70) U/mg) in hippocampal tissue in the model group was significantly higher than the control group((0.34±0.06) ％,(167.20±63.40)U/mg).Compared to control group,the number of hippocampal neurons ((72.50±4.25) vs (45.30±2.54)) and the mitochon drial membrane potential decreased in the model group.The expressions of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein in hippocampal tissue were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion Chronic unpredicted mild stress can lead to apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons,which is related with decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and low expression of UCP4 and Bcl-2 protein.