Objective:To find out the characteristic topog ra phic distribution of the muscle spindles in human masseter.Methods: The muscle spindles of masseter on both sides of 5 human corpses fixed in for malin for more than 1 year were observed by histological technique and quantitat ively analyzed by picture analysis equipment.Results: The muscle spindles were maldistributed and the spindles were commonly clustered in some i ndividual portions,and the muscle spindles figures of the masseter were diversif orm,which were predominantly composed of the spindle simple and spindle complexe s. The spindle complexes in the deep portion was obviously more than that in the superficial. The muscle spindles in the muscle close to the temporomandibular j oint and muscle tendon in the deep portion were more than that in the other port ions.Conclusion:The distribution of muscle spindles in the masse ter is heterogeneous,muscle spindle density in the deep portion is greater than that in the superficial.

This article introduced the development and application effect appraisal of Microbial Engineering CAI courseware for bio-engineering specialization. The courseware focuses on knowledge system integrity, content-rich and gives prominence to the key points. Pictures, animation and video, and audio effects are also utilized appropriately to achieving stimulate students interest in learning and then improve teaching and learning performance. The courseware concentrates on core content of the course, such as fermentation parameters detection and automatic control, and fermentation equipments. The courseware was manufactured using the Powerpoint software. Animation was established with Flash 4 software and the scanning pattern was edited using Adobe photoshop. And chapters of the courseware were composed and administrated using Courseware Master Software. A two-year survey showed that 85% of students satisfied with this courseware.

Objective:To observe the anticaries effects of the vaccine gene pcDNA3- PAc against dental caries in BALB/c mice by different routes. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3- PAc by the submandibular gland- target injection,the quadriceps femoris injection and the intranasal irrigation respectively. All the mice were immunized two times. The immune interval was two weeks. Saliva and serum samples were collected respectively at 0, 1, 2, 4 weeks after immunization. The specific antibodies were detected by ELISA. Results:The specific antibodies were up at one week after immunization in different routes. The peak time of the antibodies level appeared at 4 weeks.The level of salivary specific anti- PAc IgA induced by submandibular gland- target injection and that of serum IgG induced by thigh bone muscle injection was the highest, respectively. The differences of antibodies level between in experiment groups and negative control group or vacant comparison group were significant(P<0.01). Conclusion: The vaccine gene pcDNA3- PAc effectively induce local mucosal immune response and systemic immune response.

OBJECTIVE To investigate antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Wuhan.METHODS Totally 152 strains of S.pneumoniae were collected to test the MICs of various antibiotics by agar dilution method according to the approved standard of NCCLS.Serotyping of S.pneumoniae was performed by using quelling reaction.RESULTS Among 152 strains of S.pneumoniae,65(42.76%) strains were resistant to penicillin(MIC≥0.12mg/L).94.08%,50.66%,41.45% and 11.18% of S.pneumoniae were resistant against the first(cefalexin),second(cefaclor) and third(cefaxime and ceftriaxone) generation of cephalosporins respectively.The resistance rates to other antibiotic agents,such as erythromycin,tetracycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol,were 84.21%,88.82%,89.47% and 18.42%,respectively.Strains that were resistant to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were found both for 1.32%.Twenty serotypes were involved in 152 strains. The prevalent serotypes were 19(25.66%),23(19.08%),6(13.82%),15(7.24%)and 14(4.61%).Eight strains were remained for unable to serotype.All penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was included in serotypes 6,19 and 23.CONCLUSIONS The antibiotic resistance of S.pneumoniae is serious in Wuhan.Most of them are multi-resistant strains.Except for fluoroquinolones,ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol, most antibiotic agents have lost there activities against S.pneumoniae.The prevalent serotypes,especially of the multi-resistant strains,were 19,23 and 6.Pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine can well cover these serotypes.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of simvastatin vs. pravastatin in the treatment of hy-perlipidemia,and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:PubMed,Medline,EMBase,Cochrane Library and CJFD were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial(RCT)of efficacy and safety of simvastatin(test group) and pravastatin (control group) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated. The Rev Man 5.2 software was chosen for data analysis. RESULTS:14 RCT involving 1 019 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that simvastatin had more significant effect in the decreasing of TC [MD=-0.34,95%CI(-0.52,-0.16),P<0.001] and LDL-C[MD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.45,-0.17),P<0.001] than pravastatin;and simvastatin and pravastatin had the similar effect in TG[MD=-0.06,95%CI(-0.18,0.05),P=0.28)] and HDL-C[MD=0.00,95%CI(-0.04,0.04),P=0.85]. Adverse drug reaction rate results showed they were similar[OR=0.70,95%CI(0.36,1.39),P=0.31]. CONCLUSIONS:Simvastatin is more effective in lipid-lowering than pravastatin with similar safety. Due to the limited number and low quality of included studies,it remains to be further verified with more reasonably designed,multi-center and large-sample studies.

Objective: To study the in vitro antilipid-peroxidation effects of tannins extract from Sanguisorba officinalis on heart, liver, brain and kidney of rats.Methods: The in vitro inhibitory effects of tannins extract from Sanguisorba officinalis on lipid-peroxidation of heart, liver, brain and kidney of rats induced by Fe2+-cysteine (Fe2+-Cys), Fe2+-vitamin C (Fe2+-Vit C) and Fe2+-H2O2 were determined by spectrophotometry.Results: The inhibitory effects of tannins extract from Sanguisorba officinalis on MDA produced by lipid-peroxidation of brain, heart, liver homogenate, kidney and mitochondria of rats induced by Fe2+-Cys, Fe2+-Vit C and Fe2+-H2O2 were all significant.Conclusion: Tannins from Sanguisorba officinalis has good in vitro protective effects on antilipid-peroxidation of heart, liver, brain and kidney of rats, which is worth studying further.

Objective To evaluate the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ) in cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic pain in rats.Methods The experiment was performed in 2 parts.In experiment Ⅰ,24 pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),m-AIP injected before sham operation group (group M-S),chronic sciatic nerve injury group (group N-C),and m-AIP injected before chronic constriction injury (CCI) group (group M-C).The sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated.Chronic pain was induced by CCI in N-C and M-C groups.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1％ pentobarbital sodium.The sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals.Normal saline 20 μ1 and m-AIP 20 μ/ were injected intrathecally at 15 min before sham operation in S and M-S groups,respectively,and at 15 min before CCI in N-C and M-C groups,respectively.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured before CCI and on 4,7,10,14,17,21 and 28 days after CCI.Step-through latency (STL) was measured before CCI and on 7,14,21 and 28 days after CCI.In experiment Ⅱ,18 pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:m-AIP injected after sham operation group (group C-N),control after CCI group (group C-N) and m-AIP injected after CCI group (group C-M).Group S-M received intrathecal injection of m-AIP 20 μl at 7 days after sham operation.Normal saline 20 μl and m-AIP 20 μ/ were injected intrathecally at 7 days after CCI in C-N and C-M groups,respectively.MWT,TWL and STL were measured before administration and at 2,4 and 8 h after administration.Results In experiment Ⅰ,compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased at each time point after CCI,TWL was shortened at each time point after CCI and STL was shortened on 7,14 and 21 days after CCI in N-C group,and MWT was significandy decreased at each time point,TWL was shortened at each time point,and STL was shortened on 14 and 21 days after CCI in group M-C.Compared with group N-C,MWT was significantly increased on 4,7 and 10 days after CCI,TWL was prolonged on 4 and 7 days after CCI,and STL was prolonged on 7 days after CCI in group M-C.In experiment Ⅱ,compared with group S-M,MWT was significantly decreased,and TWL and STL were shortened at each time point after administration in C-N group,and TWL at 8 h after administration and STL at each time point after administration were shortened,MWT was decreased at 8 h after administration,and no significant change was found in MWT and TWL at 2 and 4 h after administration in group C-M Compared with group C-N,MWT was significantly increased,and TWL was prolonged at 2 and 4 h after administration,and no significant change was found in STL at each time point after administration in group C-M.Conclusion CaMK Ⅱ is involved in the development of cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic pain in rats.

Objective To establish the pharmacodynamic model of sevoflurane with bispectral index (BIS) as the effective index in pediatric patients.Methods Thirteen ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ pediatric patients,aged 4-9 yr,weighing 12-39 kg,undergoing non-cardiac surgery,were selected in the study.The pediatric patients sequentially inhaled 1％,5 ％ and 1％ sevoflurane via a face mask and each concentration was inhaled for 15 min.BIS value,HR,BP and SpO2 were automatically recorded every 10 s.Based on nonlinear mixed effect modeling,the population pharmacodynamic model of sevoflurane was established using NONMEM software.The effect of age on the pharmacodynamic parameters was evaluated using a stepwise forward addition then backward elimination modeling approach.The standard for model improvement was defined as a decrease in the value of the objective function by more than 3.84.Results Twelve pediatric patients,aged 4.0-8.5 yr,weighing 12.8-38.0 kg,with body height of 92-135 cm,were enrolled in this study and the data which were enrolled comprised 2964 effective concentration-time-BIS points.The model was not improved significantly with any covariates (age,body height,and body weight) introduced (P ＞ 0.05).The estimated parameters of the final pharmacodynamic model of sevoflurane were as follows:ke0 =O.516/min ; EC50 (BIS50) =2.11％ ; γ =2.46 ; E0 =74.6 ; EMAx =11.2.Conclusion The pharmacodynamic model of sevoflurane is successfully established with BIS as the effective index in pediatric patients,and the analysis for each parameter of the model indicates that the sensitivity to sevoflurane is lower,but the blood-brain equilibration time of the drug is shorter and the onset and recovery are faster in children than in adults.

Actins ; metabolism ; Female ; Glomus Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thigh ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The conical telescopic crown denture has a better long-term effect on dentition defects of few remaining teeth than the traditional removable denture. However, there are few studies to analyze the application of these two kinds of repair methods using the finite element method. OBJECTIVE: To compare the stress distribution of the isolated abutment tooth repaired using the conical telescopic crown denture and traditional removable denture. METHODS: Two-dimensional images of the mandible and dentition in healthy adults were scanned by CT. Three-dimensional finite element models of conical telescopic crown denture and traditional removable denture were established in the mandible only with the bilateral canines. Under the same vertical and oblique loadings, the maximum equivalent stress of the abutment, periodontal membrane or edentulous alveolar ridge was compared between two repair methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under the vertical and oblique loadings, the total stress of abutment and periodontal membrane in the traditional removable denture was higher than that in the conical telescopic crown denture and the stress in the corresponding ring was concentrated obviously; the total stress of edentulous alveolar ridge in the conical telescopic crown denture was slightly larger than that in the traditional removable denture, but the stress was wel -distributed and concentrated in a smal area. Under the oblique loading, the total stress of abutment, periodontal membrane and edentulous alveolar ridge was higher than that under the vertical loading in these two dentures, and the stress was concentrated in the periodontal membrane of lingual neck, but the total stress in the traditional removable denture was larger, with a wider concentration range. These findings indicate that the stress on the supporting tissue of conical telescopic crown denture is more evenly distributed within a smal er range than that of traditional removable denture, and the former is more fit for the health of abutment, periodontal tissues and edentulous alveolar ridge.