Objective Through the research on relationship between achievement motive and personality traits,to provide the basis theory of personality attributes for selecting outstanding medical professional scientifically and effectively,and give some advice for improving medical education mode.Method The 310 medical staffs in sample hospital were treated as the research object in October 2015,who were randomly investigated with the big five personality questionnaire and achievement motivation scale,among of which,valid questionnaires were 290 copies leading to 93.5％ effective rate.SPSS 17.0 software was used to make t test,Chi-square analysis and correlation analysis for the data of the recover valid questionnaires.Result ①Personality traits of friendliness and rigor of the medical staffs of different gender exist statistically significant difference (t=-7.39,P=0.00;t=-8.28,P=0.00) and there were significant differences in the openness and rigor of medical staffs of different gender (P＜0.05).②The achievement motivation level of male medical staffs was higher than that of female (P=0.00),and there was no significant difference in achievement motivation among medical staffs.③The personality trait of neuroticism was negatively correlated with the pursuit of success and achievement motivation (correlation coefficient was-1.24),while the achievement motivation was positively related to extraversion and openness and the pursuit of success (the correlation coefficients were 1.51 and 1.53).Conclusion There is a significant correlation between personality traits and achievement motivation.The more extroverted personality medical staffs have,the more easy-going they are,and the more the pursuit of success oriented achievement motivation they have;and the higher the neurotic tendency individuals have,the more they incline to avoid failure of achievement motivation.

Objective To investigate the resistant patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains against first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Methods Drug susceptibility tests of 518 MTB strains collected from January 2008 to March 2009 were performed using BactecMGIT 960. The data were analyzed by chi square test. ResultsIn 518 strains, 168 (32.44％) were all sensitive to all seven drugs, 350 (67.56％) were resistant to at least one drug. Among all strains, 72 (13.90％) were resistant to one drug, 24 (4.63％) were resistant to two drugs, 254 (49.03％) were resistant to three or more drugs. A total of 217 strains (41.89 ％) were classified as multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)strains and 65(12.55％)were extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains which accounted for 29.95 ％ of MDR-TB strains. The drug resistant rate of isoniazid which belonged to first-line drugs was 53.67％ (278 strains) and that of ofloxacin which belonged to second-line drugs was 39.77 ％ (206 strains). In 433 retreated patients, the drug resistant rate against any drugs, MDR rate and XDR rate were 72.05％, 46.42％ and 13.86％,respectively, which were all higher than those in treatment naive patients (44.70％, 18. 82％ and 5.88％, respectively; x2 = 24. 253, x2 ＝ 22. 229 and x2 ＝ 4. 117, respectively; all P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionsThe resistant rate of MTB is high in a tuberculosis specialized hospital in Shanghai, and MDR-TB also shares a high resistant rate as well as XDR-TB. Furthermore, drug resistance is more common in retreated patients.

Objective To investigate the combined effect and mechanism of metformin (Met) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in liver cancer cells HepG2 and Hep3B.Methods Wst-1 reagent was used to determine the anti-proliferation effects after treatments with Met and 2DG alone or combined in HepG2 and Hep3B cells.Microscopy was used to observe cell morphological changes after treatments with Met and 2DG alone or combined in HepG2 and Hep3B cells.Cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry after treatment of different kinds of drugs.Western blotting was used to analyze the protein expressions of Caspase-3,PARP,Mcl-1 of HepG2.Results The survival rate of HepG2 cells in the combination group was (22.48 ± 0.51)％,and compared with the control group (100.00 ± 5.05)％,Met group (80.68 ±5.10)％ and 2DG group (72.56 ±4.34)％,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001;P ＜ 0.001;P =0.001).The survival rate of Hep3B cells in the combination group was (29.16 ± 1.34) ％,and compared with the control group (100.00 ± 1.23) ％,Met group (59.58 ± 1.92) ％ and 2DG group (33.87 ± 1.95) ％,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001;P ＜ 0.001;P =0.001).Microscopy observation showed that combined treatment of Met and 2DG caused less viable adherent cells of HepG2,but more floating dead cells.While the combination group also caused a decrease in the density of Hep3B cells,but did not significantly increase the shedding of cells.The apoptosis of HepG2 cells in the combination group was (39.63 ± 0.21) ％,and compared with the control group (7.12 ± 0.14) ％,Met group (12.56 ± 0.35) ％ and 2DG group (15.16 ± 1.93) ％,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.001;P ＜ 0.001;P =0.001).The apoptosis of Hep3B cells in the combination group was (12.58 ± 1.03) ％,and compared with the control group (2.82 ± 0.51) ％ and Met group (8.98 ± 0.86) ％,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001;P =0.007),but compared with the 2DG group (12.40 ± 1.78) ％,the difference was not statistically significant (P =1.000).Furthermore,Western blotting demonstrated that the combined treatment induced evident Caspase-3 activation and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavages,and decreased expression of Mcl-1.Conclusion The combination of Met and 2DG can effectively inhibit cell proliferation of HepG2 and Hep3B,and induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells.The mechanism may be involved with Caspase-3 activation,cutting PARP substrate and decreasing Mcl-1 protein.

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have received considerable attention because of their propellant-free composition and stability. DPIs include the DPI devices and inhalation powders. The purpose of this review is to address the development of the DPIs, including the mechanisms of absorption, the products, the devices, the preparation technology, and the characteristics.
Administration, Topical ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Dry Powder Inhalers ; Lung ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To present the experience and advantage of cooperation management by head and neck surgery and neurosurgery for communicating skull base tumors. Methods A review of 54 communicating skull base tumors (benign tumor 21, malignant tumor 33) cooperation resection by head and neck surgery and neurosurgery from July 2005 to July 2008 in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was presented. The tumor originated in the anterior skull base in 19 cases, originated in the lateral skull base in 12, in the central skull base in 17, and in the posterior skull base in 6. Results All procedures were conducted in a single stage by a muhidisciplinary team. Total resection of tumor was achieved in 45 cases, and subtotal resection was achieved in 9. There was no operative death. There were 2 cases postoperative hemorrhage. All cases except 3 were followed up with a period of 8 to 43 months (median, 19. 1 months for benign tumor and 21.0 months for malignant tumor). Three patients with malignant tumor were lost. Twelve cases of malignant tumor and one case of benign tumor recurred postoperatively. Nine patients with malignant tumor had died( one of these died from heart trouble). Three-year disease-free survival rates and overall survival rates of malignant tumor were 52. 7% and 53.0%, respectively. Conclusions It suggested that a special operative team constituted of head and neck surgeon and neurosurgeon may improve the outcome of the difficult skull base tumors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the parents' compliance in non-hospital settings during the operation of expressed breast milk bank.

METHODSIn September 2014, a questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the parents' willingness about feeding the inpatient neonates with maternal expressed breast milk, to evaluate the effectiveness of the breast milk feeding supporting system, and to monitor the compliance in non-hospital settings during the delivery of maternal expressed breast milk. Improvements in education were made according to the results. A second survey was done in September 2015.

RESULTSA total of 340 questionnaires were sent out, and 338 usable questionnaires were returned. According to the time when the questionnaires were sent out, they were divided into two groups: 2014 group (n=229) and 2015 group (n=109). The age of most mothers was 20-30 years in the 2014 group and 30-40 years in the 2015 group. Most mothers delivered at the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (74.3% vs 61.6%; P<0.05). Guidance was given to mothers in the presence of insufficient breast milk production in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (91.7% vs 79.9%; P<0.05). Both groups had good family compliance in the collection, storage, and transport of breast milk. There were no significant differences in their compliance with washing hands, sterilizing instruments, and using a clean special refrigerator between the two groups. The expressed breast milk was transported strictly according to the procedure in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (100% vs 87.1%; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBefore and after improvements in the health education, most parents have good compliance in the collection, storage, and transport of breast milk.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the biological safety of manufactured heterologous deproteinized bone and to provide an experimental basis for clinical applications.

METHODSDeproteinized bone (10 mm) and leaching liquor were made from pig ribs with a series of physical and chemical methods, then were evaluated through acute and subacute toxicity test, hemolysis test, pyrogen test, intracutaneous test, intramuscular implantation test and cytotoxity test.

RESULTSNo obvious toxicity, hemolysis, pyrogenic characteristics, skin irritation, inflammatory reaction after intramuscular implantation and cytotoxity were observed.

CONCLUSIONSThe heterologous deproteinized bone has good biological safety and meets all the demands of scaffold material for tissue engineering.

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. It is highly related to the formation of metabolic syndrome and the glucose homeostasis, and therefore represents an important drug target against metabolic diseases and diabetes. In recent years, great progress has been made in the agonists, antagonists, and crystal structures of FXR. The diverse FXR ligands and their structure-activity relationship are reviewed in this article. The advances in the crystal structures of FXR in complex with different ligands are also introduced.
Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Azepines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzene Derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Indoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Isoxazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Ligands ; Molecular Structure ; Multienzyme Complexes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Pregnenediones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; agonists ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of sintilimab in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)and chemotherapy in patients with advanced cervical cancer(ACC).Methods The clinical data of ACC patients diagnosed and treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Xi'an Ninth Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively collected.According to the treatment regimen,ACC patients were divided into Sintilimab group(sintilimab + IMRT combined with cisplatin and taxane)and control group(IMRT combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel).Serum tumor markers[squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCCA),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 724(CA724)and carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199)],immune function[CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+]and quality of life[quality of life(QOL)scale assessment]were observed and compared before and after treatment.The short-term efficacy[objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)]and long-term efficacy[mortality,local recurrence rate,distant metastasis rate,and overall survival(OS)]in patients with ACC were compared.The occurrence of adverse drug reactions were assessed according to the American Radiation Oncology Collaboration(RTOG)and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.Results A total of 118 ACC patients were included in the study,including 59 patients in the sintilimab group and 59 in the control group.Before treatment,there were no significant differences in serum SCCA expression level,serum CEA expression level,serum CA724 expression level,serum CA199 expression level,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+/CD4+ and quality of life between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the serum SCCA level,CEA expression level,CA724 expression level,serum CA199 expression level,CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+/CD4+ levels in the Sintilimab group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),the quality of life and the ORR were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in DCR between the two groups(P>0.05).The mortality rate,local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate of ACC patients in the Sintilimab group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the OS of ACC patients in the Sintilimab group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,there was no statistically significant difference in adverse drug reactions between the Sintilimab group and the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion Sintilimab combined with IMRT and chemotherapy has significant efficacy in ACC patients,which can reduce the level of tumor markers,improve quality of life,reduce mortality,local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate,and improve total OS,with high safety.

Objective To evaluate the MRI features of central neurocytoma (CNC). Methods Thirteen patients with CNC (7 males and 6 females, aged 18-28), admitted to our hospital fiom January 2007 to January 2010, were chosen; preoperative plain and contrast enhanced MRI scans were performed on these 13 patients and 1 also received CT scan. The clinical and imaging data and pathological features of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results The largest tumor enjoyed its maximum diameter of 3.2-8.5 cm; the CNC in 12 patients located at the lateral ventricle and that in 1 patient at the parenchyma of the left frontal and temporal lobes. Lobulated solid tumors were noted in these lesions,showing T1 isointense and T2 hyperintense in MRI; some multiple, scattered cystic lesions showed stronger T1 and T2 signal than the former ones; vascular "flow void" signal was shown in 6 patients in T2WI, and slightly weak T1 signal was shown in 8. All the tumors demonstrated inhomogeneous enhancement and the tumor vessels in 6 patients were noted under contrast MRI. Focal calcification was found. Conclusion CNC in the lateral ventricle enjoys typical location; considering the age of patients, non-contrast and contrast MRI findings, correct diagnosis of CNC can be made; however, CNC outside the lateral ventricle is hard to diagnose.