Bacteriophage is a kind of virus depending on bacterium,named bacterial virus,and it can multiply in bacterium.There're six types of Chlamydiophage discovered which are Chp1,Chp2,Chp3,Chp4,CPAR39 and PhiCPG1.Capsid proteins Vp1,Vp2 and Vp3 are three major structural proteins of Chlamydiophage.The study of Chlamydiophage will play great action on chlamydia infection therapy.

Objective:To find out the characteristic topog ra phic distribution of the muscle spindles in human masseter.Methods: The muscle spindles of masseter on both sides of 5 human corpses fixed in for malin for more than 1 year were observed by histological technique and quantitat ively analyzed by picture analysis equipment.Results: The muscle spindles were maldistributed and the spindles were commonly clustered in some i ndividual portions,and the muscle spindles figures of the masseter were diversif orm,which were predominantly composed of the spindle simple and spindle complexe s. The spindle complexes in the deep portion was obviously more than that in the superficial. The muscle spindles in the muscle close to the temporomandibular j oint and muscle tendon in the deep portion were more than that in the other port ions.Conclusion:The distribution of muscle spindles in the masse ter is heterogeneous,muscle spindle density in the deep portion is greater than that in the superficial.

Background Keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is one of the serious complications which affect the vision.The measurement of cornea posterior elevation is an important way helping to find this change.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the change of cornea posterior elevation after LASIK in myopic eyes with astigmatism and affecting factors.Methods A series case-observational study was adopted.One hundred and twenty-seven myopic eyes with astigmatism of 66 patients who received LASIK in 2008 May through 2010 January in Beijing Tongren Hospital were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the change of cornea posterior elevation following the LASIK.The parameters related to cornea posterior elevation were measured and compared before and 3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery,respectively,with Oculyzer anterial segment analysis system.Results The height values from posterior cornea highest point,the lowest point and central vertex central elevation zone were (12.20±3.39),(-19.02±7.38) and (1.05 ±3.25) μm respectively before LASIK and were (14.38±3.80),(-18.55±7.11),(2.83±4.81)μm in3 months and (13.99±3.38),(-17.57±6.54),(2.45±4.61) μm in 6 months after LASIK.They were (14.40±3.85),(-17.76±6.00),(2.16±5.00) μm in 1 year after surgery.Significant increases were found in the vertex height and central elevation after LASIK compared with before surgery(highest pointq=6.813,5.594,6.875,all at P＜0.001.central vertex:q=4.488,P=0.002;q =3.530,P=0.013 ;q =2.799,P =0.047).However,no significant difference was seen in various time points after LASIK (P＞0.05).A positive correlation was obtained between the height value of the posterior cornea central vertex with the spherical equivalent (SE),maximum cutting depth or cutting proportion 1 year after LASIK (r =0.295,0.297,0.295,all at P=0.001),and there was a negative correlation between it with residual stroma (r=-0.208,P=0.019).The intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with noncontact tonometry (NCT) was (14.24±3.33) mmHg before LASIK,and those of 3 months,6 months and 1 year were (8.42± 1.90),(8.61 ± 1.64) and (8.76± 1.64)mmHg after LASIK,showing a significant lowing in IOP after LASIK in comparison with before LASIK (q =29.851,28.317,26.337,all at P＜0.001).But no significant change was found in the different time points after LASIK (P＞0.05).There was significant difference in the IOP corrected by Ehlers after LASIK (P＞0.05).The IOP before LASIK had positive correlation with the central elevation of posterior cornea surface 1 year after LASIK(r=0.258,P =0.003).Conclusions The cornea posterior elevation increases slightly early stage after LASIK but retains stable level with lapse of time.The refraction diopter before LASIK is the main factor affecting the posterior corneal shape.To reduce the risk of corneal ectasia,more attention should be paid to the reserving of appropriate corneal residual stroma and smallest degree of eccentricity during the ablation procedure.

Objective To improve the effects of health education(HE)and satisfaction degree on HE of inpatients by executing hierarchical full-responsibility nursing. Methods Fourteen wards were randomly chosen form the hospital and divided into the control group and the experimental group, each group having 7 wards. The control group carried out routine holistic nursing model, and the experimental group carried out a new hierarchical full-responsibility nursing system. Reforming nursing scheduling and diminishing the nursing unit to assure that the patients acquired the continous and stable nursing service when they were in hospital. The effect and the degree of satisfaction of HE were compared between two groups after 6 months. Results The effects of HE in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group, and the degree of satisfaction on HE in the experimental group was much higher than in the control group. Conclusions The hierarchical full-responsibility nursing system can give patients systematic and normalized HE. It can significantly improve the effects and the degree of satisfaction on HE.

Syndromes constitute a core aspect in the study of Chinese medicine, and research on the concept of syndromes is important to the study of the process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is somewhat challenging to define a syndrome due to the complexity inherent in the subject, even with the assistance of the reductionism approach of modern medicine. Holistic and dynamic in nature and attaching much importance to functional changes, the newly emerging metabonomics is in many ways inline with the concepts of syndrome differentiation of pathological states in traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, metabonomics has comparatively strong advantages in the very respect of revealing the natural laws of syndrome differentiation. By reviewing and analyzing the current research on the concept of syndromes and the application of metabonomic technology to exploring the essential core of syndrome differentiation, the authors illustrated the potential commonalities. This would also show the issues requiring attention between the study of syndromes and the metabonomic technology. In the meantime this study reflected the core problems in detail and put forward suggestions with regard to reaching solutions.

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of health knowledge,health behavior formation rate and psychological state before and after retirement intervention,analyse comprehensive psychological intervention and general psychological intervention to health behavior formation and improve the negative emotion in retired population.Methods By using cohort study method,206 retired people were randomly divided into comprehensive psychological intervention group (experimental group) and only given general psychological intervention group (control group),and each group included 103 cases.Comprehensive psychological intervention group were given health behavior and cognitive intervention,psychological intervention,psychological intervention in general family and social family care intervention,and the control group was given healthy behavior and cognitive intervention,psychological intervention.The staff were treated within 1 weeks of first assessment,2 weeks after the second assessment,4 weeks after the final.Health behavior was surveyed by Ministry of finance,the Ministry of health on public health subsidies special funds notice in city community health education pilot project in the questionnaire.Health status and quality of life were assessed with the family APGAR index (APGAR).Mental state evaluation and assessment of the treatment effect by using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),MBI index method was assessed with activities of daily living.The effect of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention of health knowledge rate and formation rate of different intervention methods and psychological state of health behavior.Results The results showed that there were no significant differences between experimental group and control group in age,sex,level of education and other social,and there was no significant difference in HAMD,MBI and APGAR scores at baseline.Through the implementation of the comprehensive of psychological intervention,subjects have varying degrees of improving the awareness rate of health knowledge,and the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The two group of healthy behavior of subjects in the chopping board monitoring,physical fitness,blood pressure to separate raw and cooked on such projects had different degrees of improvement,at the same time,although no intervention,in the monitoring of blood pressure.The control group increased compared with the baseline significantly (P＜ 0.05).Intervention group had significant difference in APGAR score increased (P＜ 0.05).HAMD score and MBI score decreased and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.01),while the control group had no significant difference before and after intervention.Conclusion Comprehensive psychological intervention can significantly improve the rate of formation from the awareness rate of health knowledge and health behavior of retirees,and improve the state of negative emotions from retiree.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Angiomyolipoma ; etiology ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Astrocytoma ; etiology ; Brain Neoplasms ; etiology ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; etiology ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mutation ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the influencing factors and improve potency methods of chymosin, to verify the stability and applicability of the national standard of chymosin.Methods The effects of different formula milk powder substrate and enzyme concentration on the determination of the activity of chymosin were studied.3 ×3 dose-response parallel line method was established.The results were compared with the different methods of absolute and relative methods.Results The different formula milk powder had a significant effect on the determination of the absolute potency of the activity of chymosin.The concentration of the enzyme was a power function relationship with the milk clotting time.Compared with the absolute potency, reproducibility of the relative potency of the results was better in different laboratories.The suitable doses in 3 ×3 dose-response parallel line method were 0.35,0.44,0.55U/mL.The confidence limit rate was less than 5%.The potency of the national standard of chymosin (140712-201302) was not significantly different between 2013 and 2015.In a certain dose range, the dose-response of the national standard of chimosin and gastropylor complex or lamb'tripe extract was linear, and the two lines were parallel.Conclusion A lot of factors can affect on the potency of chymosin.Relative potency is determinate by reference standard which can eliminate the influence of different substrates, different operators and endpoint judgment on the determination in order to make results have comparability between laboratories.The test design of 3 ×3 dose-response parallel line can control the test deviation better than the single point determination.The stability of the national standard of chymosin(140712-201302) is good, and is suitable for the potency of chymosin of the products of gastropylor complex and the extract of the lamb.

Objective To establish the chromogenic substrate method to determine the activity of cytochrome C.Methods Used TMB as the chromogenic substrate, reacted at 37 ℃ for 15 min, generated the yellow products, and detected the absorbance at 450 nm.The experimental design method is the 4 ×4 parallel line quantitative analysis.ResuIts The activities of cytochrome C injection samples have been determined.The linear regression equation was Y=0.9875 X -1.0221,R2 =0.9996.The accuracy and repeatability were 1.1 % and 3.6 %.ConcIusion The chromogenic substrate method was simple operation, sensitive and can be used to determine the activity of cytochrome C.

To study the cost-effectiveness of temozolomide combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of glioblasto-ma. Methods:According to the clinical trial data, cost-effectiveness and sensitivity of the results was analyzed based on the domestic cost and consumption level. Results:Temozolomide combined with radiotherapy could prolong one month of overall survival with the additional cost of RMB 58 959. 7 yuan in each case when compared with radiotherapy alone. Conclusion:Temozolomide combined with radiotherapy has no advantage on cost-effectiveness when compared with radiotherapy alone.