Four triterpenoids were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Maytenus guangxiensis by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI column chromatography and preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were determined from their physicochemical properties and spectral data. They were identified as maytguanone A (1), maytguanone B (2), 11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β-diol (3), lup-20(29)-ene-3β,11α-diol (4). Compounds 1 and 2 are new triterpenoids, along with compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from M. guangxiensis for the first time. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1, 3 and 4 was evaluated using the MTT procedure with three cancer cell lines. The results show that compound 3 displayed good inhibitory effects against HeLa, with an IC₅₀ of 10.68 μmol·L^-1.

Objective To detect the effects of bifidobacterium or bifidobacterium cultured supernatant on the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6),glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and the miRNA-146a in rat small intestinal epithelial cell(IEC-6) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods IEC-6 in logarithmic phase were randomly divided into LPS group,cultured supernatant group and inactivated bacteria group.All the 3 groups were exposed to 5 mg/L LPS for 5 hours,and then 1 mL sterile saline was added in LPS group and culturing continued for 24 hours ; 1 mL bifidobacterium cultured supernatant was added in cultured supernatant group and culturing continued for 24 hours;1 mL inactivated bifidobacterium 1 x 1010 CFU/L added in inactivated bacteria group and continued culturing for 24 hours.The mRNA expressions of TRAF6,GSK-3 β and miRNA-146a were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The level of TRAF6,GSK-3 β of culture supematant group (0.72 ± 0.05,0.46 ± 0.14) were all lower than LPS group (1.01 ± 0.14,1.02 ± 0.25),but the level of miRNA-146a(3.05 ± 0.40) was higher than that in LPS group(1.01 ± 0.12),and there were significant differences between them (t =5.278,6.316,13.218,P =0.000).The level of GSK-3 β of inactivated bacteria group(0.59 ±0.13) was significantly lower than that in LPS group(t =4.837,P =0.000).The levels of TRAF6 and miRNA-146a of inactivated bacteria group(1.05 ±0.11,0.78 ±0.22) had no significant differences with LPS group (t =0.732,1.463,P ＞ 0.05).The level of TRAF6 of cultured supernatant group was lower than that in inactivated bacteria group,and the level of miRNA-146a was higher than that in inactivated bacteria group,and there were significant differences between 2 groups (t =6.009,14.687,P =0.000).Conclusions Bifidobacterium cultured supernatant and inactivated bacteria both have certain protective effect on the IEC-6 induced by LPS.One of the protective mechanisms of bifidobacterium cultured supernatant may be achieved by elevating the expression of miRNA-146a,and decreasing the levels of inflammation related factor TRAF6 and damage related factor GSK-3β.The protective effects of inactivated bifidobacterium may be achieved by decreasing the level of damage related factor GSK-3β.

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; therapeutic use ; Silicosis ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the benefits and the risk of pulmonary embolism between walking exercises and bed rest in the acute stage of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods From February 2008 to March 2009,40 acute primary DVT patients were arbitrarily randomized into controlled group and experimental group,with 20 cases in each group,who were hospitalized within seven days of onset.Patients in controlled group underwent bed rest for 7-10 days,wearing elastic stockings.While patients in experimental group were early (1-2 days after admission) off bed walking about 600-1200 m every day with elastic stockings for 7-10 days.During the process patients in both group received regular anticoagulation treatment,and continued warfarin anticoagulation therapy after out of hospital for at least 6 months.The clinical characteristics of the two groups were comparable.Primary end points were the reduction of pain assessed daily with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),the reduction of leg circumference at thigh,and cumulative pulmonary embolism incidences of two groups in three months. Results Symptoms in all patients of the two groups were improved,but the pain level showed a statistically significant reduction starting after the third day(58 ±8) mm in the experiment group and after the fifth day (58 ± 13) mm in the controlled group.The leg circumferences of the two groups after 7 days were statistically significantly different (P ＜ 0.05),the cumulative pulmonary embolism incidences of the two groups for 3 months were not statistically significantly different. Conclusion Mobile patients with acute DVT should be encouraged to walk with medical compression stockings.The rate of resolution of pain and swelling is significantly faster when the patient ambulates with compression.The quality of life significantly improved.The risk of pulmonary embolism does not significantly increase by this approach.

Objective To evaluate the association of serum uric acid and the incidence and prognosis of kidney diseases systematically, so as to provide reference for the treatment and prevention of kidney diseases. Methods Literatures related to the associations between serum uric acid and incidence and prognosis of kidney diseases were selected from the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database ( CBM) (January 1982 to March 2010), EMBASE (January 1966 to March 2010) and Medline (January 1950 to March 2010) for cohort studies. Two researchers independently screened the studies, assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for Cohort Studies and extracted data. Stata 10. 0 was used to calculate the pooled relative risk. Results Twenty-one eligible cohort studies were selected, of which 11 on incidence of kidney diseases (n =276 801 ) , and 10 on the prognosis of kidney diseases ( n = 3004). Meta analysis was performed based on data influencing incidence and prognosis factors of kidney diseases except for serum uric acid. The results showed, (1) uric acid and incidence of kidney diseases: hyperuricemia could increase the risk of kidney diseases ( RR = 1. 49, 95% CI 1. 27-1. 75) ; (2) uric acid and prognosis of patients with kidney diseases:hyperuricemia could deteriorate the kidney function (RR = 1. 35, 95%CI 1. 12-1.63) and increase the risk of mortality (RR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.29-2.16). Conclusion Uric acid is an independent risk factor for incidence of kidney diseases and poor prognosis of patients with kidney diseases. Further high quality clinical trials with long-term follow up should be conducted to determine whether lowering uric acid levels would be of clinical benefit in the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases, so as to provide direct evidence for clarifying correlation between uric acid and kidney diseases and the prevention and treatment for patients with high uric acid.

Rehabilitation therapeutics has become a popular specialty in colleges and universities in China. At present, 160 colleges and universities have set up rehabilitation therapeutics specialty, of which 73.75% are public colleges and 26.25% are private colleges (including independent colleges). The types of those colleges and universities are mainly concentrated on western medicine colleges (40.6%), traditional Chinese medicine colleges (18.1%) and comprehensive colleges (31.3%), with an imbalance in regional distribution between the east and west of China. Some problems are becoming prominent with the increase of the number of these colleges and universities, such as differences in discipline cultivation modes, compositions of colleges and universities, teaching quality, profession/industrial standards and distribution of rehabilitation education resources. In order to promote the healthy development of undergraduate education of rehabilitation therapeutics in colleges and universities in China, we should define the connotation and extension of rehabilitation therapeutics, establish the professional training mode of rehabilitation therapeutics with Chinese characteristics, classify the professional training objectives, strengthen the construction of teachers, formulate professional standards of rehabilitation therapeutics, and improve the uneven distribution of rehabilitation education resources.

Objective: To study the effect of water extracting and alcohol extracting process to anthraquinone content in Rhubarb. Methods: Choosing water and different concentration of alcohol as the solvent, the effect of permeating time, the extracting time, the degree of extracting, the amount of solvent and concentration of alcohol to total, conjugated, and deoxidized anthraquinone content were determined by orthogonal test. Results: Using water as the solvent, the degree of extracting is the significant factors to total anthraquinore with ( P

Objective To explore the effects of low frequency electric stimulation on the clinical manifes- tation and its influence on the level of plasma Endothelin (ET),atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP),thromboxane B_2 (TXB_2),angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ),Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide(CGRP) and Neuron-specific Enolase(NSE) and its clinical significance in the patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency(VBI). Methods One hundred and tewenty cases of VBI patients were randomly divided into two groups:a treatment group and a control group.Both groups received routine drug treatment.The treatment group (n=60) was also treated with low frequency electric stimulation at bilateral mastoid processfes in addition.The improved rate of the clinical symptom,the plasma level of ET,ANP,TXB_2,AngⅡ,GRP and NSE were observed after treatment. Results The patients treated in the treatment group had significantly better outcome than the control group in terms of symptom relief.The effective rate was 87.93% and 67.80% in the treatment group and control group,respectively(P

Objective To understand the attitude and current situation of medical English stud y as well as its relevant factors among long schooling medical students so as to provide first hand information for constructing students-centered medical English teaching model. Methods A self-de-signed questionnaire including basic information of students, attitude and current situation of medical English students was given to 134 seven or eight year program clinical medical graduates from grade 2006 to grade 2008 in Tongji University. Questionnaires were collected timely and an-alyzed with SPSS 19.0 and results were described by percentage. Results Totally 132 copies of questionnaire were recovered with an recovering rate of 98.51%. 56.82%(75/132) students had interest in medical English study and 71.97%(95/132)students had a will to go abroad for learning exchange. Main pur-poses for students to learn medical English were ‘professional literature reading’(68.94%,91/132),‘SCI papers writing’(59.09%,78/132)and ‘international communication’(58.33%, 77/132). Main influencing factors of medical English study were ‘boring teaching methods ’ ( 45 . 45%, 60/132 ) ,‘difficult medical English’(41.67%,55/132) and ‘insufficient teaching time’(40.91%,54/132).Conclusions Medical students with long schooling have demand for medical English study;however, most of them have some difficulties in practical application. Measures should be taken from three as-pects including students, teachers and curriculum setting to improve students' medical English.

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of injection with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) at different doses on angiogenesis in myocardium of dogs with acute myocardial infarction (MI).Methods Sixteen 1.5-year-old male hybrid dogs,weighing 11-13 kg,were divided into 500 ?g HGF treatment group,1 000 ?g HGF treatment group,sham operation group,and no MI interference group,4 dogs in each group.Expressions of VEGF,HGF,CD31,and platelet factor Ⅷ in myocardium of dogs with MI were detected,the number of micro blood vessels was calculated,and correlation between angiogenesis and expression of HGF and VEGF was analyzed in 28 d after the model was established.Results HGF gene therapy could up-regulate the expression of CD31 and VEGF.The expression of CD31 and VEGF mRNA was 0.82 and 0.39 respectively in 1 000 ?g HGF group,and 0.47 and 0.21 respectively in 500 ?g HGF group.The expression of VEGF mRNA was 0.09 and no expression of CD31 mRNA was found in MI group.HGF could increase the angiogenesis in infracted myocardium.The microvascular density was 126.4?10.6,79.8?6.0,and 21.7?2.5/mm2,respectively,in 1 000 ?g HGF group,500 ?g HGF group,and MI group (P