The clinical probation is an important part of medical education, which is also a bridge from theoretical learning to clinic practice. To improve the quality of clinical probation teaching of hematology department, multiple teaching activities have been carried out, including full preparation before teaching, creating better medical environment, arousing enthusiasm, tralning the physician-patient communication ability and strengthening operating skill of the students. Good study effect has been achieved.

To discuss the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we summarized the mechanisms of treating AD animal models by acupuncture from literatures in recent years as follows. Senile dementia rats' cognitive capabilities and memory could be improved by reduction of beta-amyloid protein, attenuation of excessive phosphorylation of tau protein, regulation of center neurotransmitter dysmetabolism, oxidation of anti-free radicals, reduction of neuron apoptosis in the cortex and the hippocampus, inhibition of glial cells' differentiation, adjustment of G protein signaling transduction, and improvement of the mitochondrial dysfunction, thus providing experimental evidence for treating AD by acupuncture.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Alzheimer Disease ; therapy ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal

Dry eye is one of the most frequently ocular surface diseases. Recent researches found that many reasons caused decrease of ocular surface damage and the quality of tears , such as the change of ocular surface, immuno-inflammatory responses, apoptosis and the reduction of sex hormone. It is reported that the decline of ovarian function and hormone level in postmenopausal women which leads to abnormal structure and function of tear film is more likely to develop dry eye. In this paper, the ocular surface, pathogenesis and progresses of treatment on postmenopausal women with dry eye are reviewed.

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an emerging tool for detecting microorganisms. It can be used not only for rapid identification of microorganisms, but also for the research of resistance mechanisms. Producing β-lactamase is the main mechanism for resistance of β-lactam antibiotics in Gram-negative bacilli. Currently using MALDI-TOF MS for rapid detection of bacterialβ-lactamase has been widely reported, including detection of β-lactam hydrolysis activity of β-lactamase, direct detection of β-lactamase molecule, peptide and relevant proteins, and detection of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of β-lactamase gene. This paper reviews current application of MALDI-TOF MS to the detection of β-lactamase based on the latest research findings.

After the advantages of PACS system in medical imaging examination were described, its rational appli-cation in medical imaging examination was elaborated .

Objective To explore the effect of different type of atrial fibrillation(AF) on plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) level in male patients.Methods Fifty-eight hospitalized male patients with AF were enrolled,including 35 cases with paroxysmal AF,14 cases with persistent AF,and 9 cases with permanent AF.All subjects had the examination of echocardiography/electrocardiogram within 24 h after admission.Venous blood sample were collected in a quiet prostration state on the next early morning for BNP detection.The plasma BNP level was determined by radioimmunology-assay(RIA).Results The average level of plasma BNP in male patients with permanent AF(2343.25 ± 820.24)μg/L was significantly higher than those with persistent AF([576.43 ± 223.07]μg/L,t=8.74,P＜0.001) and paroxysmal AF([632.74 ± 103.93]μg/L,t=8.73,P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference between the last two groups(t=0.59,P＞0.05).Conclusion BNP is a sensitive indicator of early heart function impairment related with AF,particularly elevates in male patients with permanent AF.

Objective To determine the dynamic changes of plasma endothelin (ET), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and atial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and explore the pathological role of ET, CGRP and ANP in the development of acute cerebral infarction.Methods The concentrations of ET, CGRP and ANP in plasma were determined with radioimmunoassay in 78 elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction and 60 normal controls.Results (1)The levels of ET and ANP in patient group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P3 cm) and small area infarct group (1.5～3.0 cm) were significantly higher (all P

Objective To explore the features of clinical manifestations and electrophysiology of spinal muscular atrophy(SMA) in children.Methods The clinical features and laboratory data were analyzed in 32 children with SMA,electromyography tests were carried out in 28 patients and the muscle biopsy were performed in 24 cases.Results The 32 cases were subdivided into 3 clinical groups,15 cases were SMAⅠ,12 cases were SMAⅡ,5 cases were SMAⅢ.They were all characterized by progressive muscle weakness associated with hyptonia and atrophy.The clinical distinction between SMAⅠto SMAⅢ reflected different age of onset and disease severity.All cases of SMAⅠhad symptoms of respiratory disability,only 1 case of SMAⅡ had paradoxical breathing and none of SMAⅢ had similarly symptoms.Electromyographic studies showed a pattern of denervation with no sensory involvement.The rate of spontaneous potential was 87%,with gentle strain,the duration of motor unit was extended(30%-150%) and the amplitude of it was increased(90%-450%),the motor nerve conduction velocity was reduced slightly in 28% patients.The muscle biopsy provided evidence of skeletal muscle denervation with groups of atrophy.Conclusions The clinical features,the changes of electromyography and the muscle biopsy are valuable for diagnosis of SMA.Respiratory management will prolong survival and improve the quality of life for these patients.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; genetics ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Bipolar Disorder ; genetics ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Hepacivirus ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; R-SNARE Proteins ; metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Transport Vesicles ; physiology ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Virus Replication

Objective To describe nursing assistants' experience of caring for dementia patients with behavioral symptoms.Methods A descriptive qualitative design was used in this study.Twelve nursing assistants for dementia patients were recruited.A semi-structured interview was used to collect the data.The interview was related to nursing assistants' experience of caring for patients with behavioral symptoms.Content analysis was used to explicate the meaning of the interview data.Results Three themes were extracted:having multiple stressors; learning by practice; seeking mutual support from other nursing assistants.Conclusions Nursing assistants had multiple stressors from caring dementia patients with behavioral symptoms.Continuing supply of training on strategies of coping with behavioral symptoms as well as the emotional support are especially required.