Objective: To investigate the relationship between vocabulary understanding ability and performance of theory-of-mind tests of children and to confirm the applicability of Chinese revision of Theory of Mind Tests in China. Methods: 100 children aged from 3 to 5 years in Harbin City in China completed the Chinese revision of Theory of Mind Tests and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test(PPVT). Results:The pass rates of 'expression recognition' tests from 3 to 5 years groups were 100%, and that of 'expression reasoning' tests were 76%,97%,97%. There were 36%,76%,93% of children passed the 'place change' false belief tests and 15%,42%,59% of children passed the 'content change' false belief tests. From 3 to 5 years groups, significant differences of PPVT IQ were found between groups divided depending on different performances of false belief tests, such as that of children passed place change or not were 104.9?16.9 vs 97.0?15.8,106.7?17.6 vs 99.7?15.9(t=2.22,2.07, P

Congresses as Topic ; Head ; surgery ; Neck ; surgery ; Otolaryngology ; Periodicals as Topic

Objective To explore the effects of health education combined with WeChat′s public platform in the management of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 100 coronary heart disease patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group and there were 50 cases in each group by the random number table. The intervention group received health education about risk factors combined with WeChat′s public platform for 6 months. The control group received routine health education. Evaluate the control rate of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid and the score of coronary heart disease self-management scale of the two groups before and after the intervention. Results At the 6th month after intervention, the control rate of blood pressure of the intervention group was 88.0％(44/50) and it of the case group was 70.0％(35/50).The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.882, P < 0.05). The score of coronary heart disease self-management scale of the intervention group was (102.44±8.22) points and it of the case group was (89.82±8.01) points . The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant(t=7.776, P < 0.05). Conclusions The health education combined with WeChat′ s public platform contributed to help coronary heart disease patients to establish good self-management behavior and it can be widely used in the management of coronary heart disease risk factors.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; methods ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of preparing novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes with PEG grafted on beta-sitosterol (PEG-Sito).

METHODSuccinicanhydride was adopted to connect beta-sitosterol and PEG 2000. Sphingomyelin and PEG-Sito was used as material to prepare gypenosides long-circulating liposomes by using ethanol injection method. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by using protamine precipitation method. H-NMR was used to verify the synthesis of PEG-Sito, the novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes were characterized by particle size, zeta potential and atomic force microscope.

RESULTThe synthesis of PEG-Sito was verified by 1H-NMR. Encapsulation efficiency of long-circulating liposomes prepared by ethanol injection method was 74.3%, particle size was 288.1 nm, zeta potential was -20.25 mV, the morphology were round observed by AFM.

CONCLUSIONThe novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes prepared with PEG-Sito was feasible, it had a high encapsulation efficiency and good morphology.

Drug Compounding ; methods ; Feasibility Studies ; Gynostemma ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; blood ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; Sphingomyelins ; chemistry

Objective To construct a genetically-stable double auxotrophic,in which the uracil and leucine were mutated,using the Candida parapolymorpha ATCC26012 as materials.Methods Based on the physical and genetic engineering methods,the chromosome of the C.parapolymorpha strain was modified,where the ura3 and leu2 genes were directly mutated,to obtain the uracil and leucine double auxotrophic strain.Then the constructed strain was identified by the analysis of its biological properties,such as genetic stability,the change of the genes,and the physiologic and biochemical characteristics.Results The uracil and leucine double auxotrophic strain is obtained by screening.The biological identification results show that the obtained strain is genetically stable and the targeted genes are directly altered.In addition,the physiologic and biochemical analyses indicate that the auxotrophic can utilize various kinds of carbon and nitrogen nutrient sources,and its growth is good.Conclusion The successful construction of double auxotrophic mutant strains facilitated the genetic studies on C.parapolymorpha to meet various investigational purposes.Moreover,the constructed auxotrophic strains can be applied as advantageous host cells to express multiple proteins/antigens simultaneously,which is of great significance in the development of vaccines.

Objective Searching for natural anticariogenic agent has become a focus at home and abroad.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Yili dark bee propolis on the main cariogenic bacteria . Methods ①The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Yili dark bee propolis on oral common cariogenic bacteria was detected by the liquid diffusion method.②The four different con-centrations lower than MIC were used to confect culture media with pH 7.0 and the normal culture media was used as control group .The pH and the changes of pH (ΔpH) were evaluated to detect the effect of Yili dark bee propolis on acid producing ability of tested bacteria .③The effects of propolis on extracellular polysaccharides synthesis of S.mutans and A.viscosus were evaluated by anthrone method. Results①The MIC of Yili dark bee propolis on S.mutans, S.sobrinus, S.sanguis, L.acidophilus, A.viscosus and A.naeslundii were 0.78, 0.39, 1.56, 0.39, 0.2, 0.2 mg/mL, respectively.The minimum bactericidal concentrations were 1.56, 0.78, 3.125, 0.78, 0.39 and 0.39 mg/mL.②The propolis could decrease theΔpH of tested bacteria, and the differences between propolis groups and control group were statis-tically significant (P<0.05).③The propolis could reduce the ability of S.m and A.viscosus synthtic extracellular polysaccharides at MIC, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Yili propolis could inhibit the growth, acid producing ability and polysac-charides synthesis of the main cariogenic bacteria to some extent, and it could be deemed as a natural anticariogenic agent.

Objectives To study the psychological characteristics of children with attention deifcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Human ifgure drawings (HFD) as a projective technique was performed in 107 children with ADHD aged (8.69 ±1.48) years old (6.5~11.5 years), and 107 matched healthy children. Characteristic features of the HFDs in children with ADHD, and correlations between emotional indicators of the HFDs and factors of child behavior checklist (CBCL) were assessed and com-pared with the control group. Results Signiifcant differences in emotional index were found between ADHD and healthy chil-dren, including bad body composition, short arms, long arms, big ifgure, omission of hands and omission of feet (P<0.05). Nega-tive correlation was found between the HFDs emotional index and the factors of activity and social ability in the CBCL (P<0.05), but a positive correlation was found between the HFDs emotional index and behavioral problem (P<0.05). Conclusion Human ifgure drawings can relfect some emotional characteristics of children with ADHD, and when combined with CBCL, it can pro-vide evidence for diagnosis and intervention for ADHD.

Objective To screen out the individuals at high cognitive risk by using the weakest link theory,and explore the characters of the cognitive emotion regulation.Methods 600 undergraduate students were tested with cognitive style questionnaire,general social and academic hassles scale,center for epidemiologic studies depression scale,and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire.Results There were significant differences between individuals of high and low cognitive risk in self-blame (13.32 ± 2.12) vs (12.45 ± 2.27),rumination,catastrophizing,blaming others,positive refocusing and positive reappraising.Catastrophizing,generality,rumination,positive reappraising,stress,self-blame,and self could predict 34.2％ of depression.Conclusion There are differences between individuals of high and low cognitive risk in cognitive emotion regulation.Catastrophizing,generality,rumination,positive reappraising,stress,self-blame,and self are the main predictors of depression.

Objective To compare the effect of repairing large perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) with a new continuous stitching and two classical methods. Methods From January 2005 to January 2008,321 cases with VSD were operated. All the cases were divided into 3 groups according to operational way, with discontinuous stitching in group A (70 cases), continuous stitching in group B(116 cases),new continuous stitching in group C (135 cases). All the patients were total corrected with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Results Group C had the shortest cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times [(48 ± 36) min and (26 ± 18) min]among the three groups (P < 0.05). Group C had not residual shunt and incidence rate was lowest among the three groups (P < 0.05). Temporary second degree auriculo-ventricular bolck (AVB) was found in the early stage and no third degree AVB among the three groups. Tricuspid regurgitation was higher in group A,but there was no significant difference between group B and group C. Follow-up was completed in a duration of 1-3 years and all the cases had a good health after discharged. Conclusions The new continuous stitching method has short eardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times. It has fewer residual shunt than other two classical methods and has no evidence of higher AVB occurrence.