Objective: To investigate the relationship between vocabulary understanding ability and performance of theory-of-mind tests of children and to confirm the applicability of Chinese revision of Theory of Mind Tests in China. Methods: 100 children aged from 3 to 5 years in Harbin City in China completed the Chinese revision of Theory of Mind Tests and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test(PPVT). Results:The pass rates of 'expression recognition' tests from 3 to 5 years groups were 100%, and that of 'expression reasoning' tests were 76%,97%,97%. There were 36%,76%,93% of children passed the 'place change' false belief tests and 15%,42%,59% of children passed the 'content change' false belief tests. From 3 to 5 years groups, significant differences of PPVT IQ were found between groups divided depending on different performances of false belief tests, such as that of children passed place change or not were 104.9?16.9 vs 97.0?15.8,106.7?17.6 vs 99.7?15.9(t=2.22,2.07, P

Congresses as Topic ; Head ; surgery ; Neck ; surgery ; Otolaryngology ; Periodicals as Topic

Objective To explore the effects of health education combined with WeChat′s public platform in the management of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 100 coronary heart disease patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group and there were 50 cases in each group by the random number table. The intervention group received health education about risk factors combined with WeChat′s public platform for 6 months. The control group received routine health education. Evaluate the control rate of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid and the score of coronary heart disease self-management scale of the two groups before and after the intervention. Results At the 6th month after intervention, the control rate of blood pressure of the intervention group was 88.0％(44/50) and it of the case group was 70.0％(35/50).The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.882, P < 0.05). The score of coronary heart disease self-management scale of the intervention group was (102.44±8.22) points and it of the case group was (89.82±8.01) points . The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant(t=7.776, P < 0.05). Conclusions The health education combined with WeChat′ s public platform contributed to help coronary heart disease patients to establish good self-management behavior and it can be widely used in the management of coronary heart disease risk factors.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; methods ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods

Objective To compare the effect of repairing large perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) with a new continuous stitching and two classical methods. Methods From January 2005 to January 2008,321 cases with VSD were operated. All the cases were divided into 3 groups according to operational way, with discontinuous stitching in group A (70 cases), continuous stitching in group B(116 cases),new continuous stitching in group C (135 cases). All the patients were total corrected with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Results Group C had the shortest cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times [(48 ± 36) min and (26 ± 18) min]among the three groups (P < 0.05). Group C had not residual shunt and incidence rate was lowest among the three groups (P < 0.05). Temporary second degree auriculo-ventricular bolck (AVB) was found in the early stage and no third degree AVB among the three groups. Tricuspid regurgitation was higher in group A,but there was no significant difference between group B and group C. Follow-up was completed in a duration of 1-3 years and all the cases had a good health after discharged. Conclusions The new continuous stitching method has short eardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times. It has fewer residual shunt than other two classical methods and has no evidence of higher AVB occurrence.

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody with laboratory parameters of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in adult patients with membranous nephropathy (MN),and to explore the role of anti-PLA2R antibody in the pathogenesis of IMN. Methods Forty-six adult patients with biopsy-proved glomerular diseases were involved in this study,including 20 cases with IMN,7 cases with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),6 cases with hepatitis B-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN),6 cases with minimal change nephropathy (MCN),4 cases with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and 3 cases with class Ⅴ lupus nephritis.Total RNA was extracted from human glomeruli and was reversely transcribed to the first-strand cDNA.The full-length human M-type PLA2R was amplified by PCR and the 605 bp product was subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector containing CMV promoter.The recombinant human M-type PLA2R plasmid vector was transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK) 239T cell line using the FuGene6 transfection reagent.Western blotting was used to detect serum anti-PLA2R antibodies.Correlations of antiPLA2R antibody level with laboratory parameters,including serum albumin,total cholesterol,Scr and 24-hour urine protein,of IMN patients were evaluated. Results Among 20 cases with IMN,15 cases showed positive anti-PLA2R antibodies (positive rate 75％).Of 7 cases with IgAN and 6 cases with HBV-MN,only 1 case showed positive anti-PLA2R antibody respectively (positive rate 14.29％ and 16.67％ respectively).Anti-PLA2R antibody was negative in other patients.The positive rate of anti-PLA2R antibody in IMN patients was significantly higher than that in patients with secondary MN and other types of glomerlonephritis (all P＜0.01).Furthermore,anti-PLA2R antibody level was positively correlated with 24-hour urine protein(r=0.803,P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with serum albumin in IMN patients (r=-0.816,P＜0.01). Conclusions The high positive ratio of anti-PLA2R antibody may indicate that it is the specific autoantibody in IMN.AntiPLA2R antibody is correlated with IMN disease severity,which indicates that it may be the pathogenic autoantibody in IMN.

Objective To construct a genetically-stable double auxotrophic,in which the uracil and leucine were mutated,using the Candida parapolymorpha ATCC26012 as materials.Methods Based on the physical and genetic engineering methods,the chromosome of the C.parapolymorpha strain was modified,where the ura3 and leu2 genes were directly mutated,to obtain the uracil and leucine double auxotrophic strain.Then the constructed strain was identified by the analysis of its biological properties,such as genetic stability,the change of the genes,and the physiologic and biochemical characteristics.Results The uracil and leucine double auxotrophic strain is obtained by screening.The biological identification results show that the obtained strain is genetically stable and the targeted genes are directly altered.In addition,the physiologic and biochemical analyses indicate that the auxotrophic can utilize various kinds of carbon and nitrogen nutrient sources,and its growth is good.Conclusion The successful construction of double auxotrophic mutant strains facilitated the genetic studies on C.parapolymorpha to meet various investigational purposes.Moreover,the constructed auxotrophic strains can be applied as advantageous host cells to express multiple proteins/antigens simultaneously,which is of great significance in the development of vaccines.

Cytokines ; genetics ; Graft vs Host Disease ; genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Yili dark bee propolis on the main cariogenic biofilm and mechanisms.

METHODSSusceptibilities to the ethanolic extract of propolis against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis), Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus), and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) were analyzed by crystal violet stain method to determine the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). The biofilm was initially cultivated for 24 h. Subsequently, the propolis groups with different concentration MBEC and initial pH 7.0 were cultured for 24 h. Moreover, the pH value was measured to evaluate the acid-producing ability of the tested plaque biofilm. The effects of propolis on the insoluble extracellular polysaccharide synthesis of S. mutans biofilm were evaluated by anthrone method.

RESULTSThe MBEC of Yili propolis on S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguis, A. viscosus, and A. naeslundii were 6.25, 1.56, 3.13, 0.78, and 0.78 mg.mL-1, respectively. Propolis could decrease the ΔpH of the tested plaque biofilm, and the differences between the control and propolis groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). At MBEC, propolis could reduce the ability of S. mutans in synthesizing insoluble extracellular polysaccharides.

CONCLUSIONYili propolis demonstrate remarkable eradicative effects on the cariogenic plaque biofilm, showing inhibition of the synthesis of biofilm-produced acids and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides.

Actinomyces viscosus ; Animals ; Bees ; Biofilms ; Dental Plaque ; Propolis ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus sanguis ; Streptococcus sobrinus

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of preparing novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes with PEG grafted on beta-sitosterol (PEG-Sito).

METHODSuccinicanhydride was adopted to connect beta-sitosterol and PEG 2000. Sphingomyelin and PEG-Sito was used as material to prepare gypenosides long-circulating liposomes by using ethanol injection method. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by using protamine precipitation method. H-NMR was used to verify the synthesis of PEG-Sito, the novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes were characterized by particle size, zeta potential and atomic force microscope.

RESULTThe synthesis of PEG-Sito was verified by 1H-NMR. Encapsulation efficiency of long-circulating liposomes prepared by ethanol injection method was 74.3%, particle size was 288.1 nm, zeta potential was -20.25 mV, the morphology were round observed by AFM.

CONCLUSIONThe novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes prepared with PEG-Sito was feasible, it had a high encapsulation efficiency and good morphology.

Drug Compounding ; methods ; Feasibility Studies ; Gynostemma ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; blood ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; Sphingomyelins ; chemistry