Tamoxifen(TAM)is an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer.However,tamoxifen resistance is a major cause of endocrine therapy failure.The potential mechanism of TAM resistance is multifactorial and most of them are still unknown.This review presents recent advances in the mechanism of TAM resistance in breast cancer,providing valuable information and ideas for elucidating the mechanism of tamoxifen resistance and overcoming drug resistance.

Objective To explore whether living in rural areas may reduce the risk of atopic sensitization. Methods The standardized questionnaires were answered by the parents of 2 986 school children during 2004 to 2005. Radioallergosorbent technique-fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (RAST-FEIA) was used to determine the level of specific IgE in the serum of the children. The risk factors were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results Compared with the subjects living in the towns from birth, the risk of atopic sensitization was lowest in the subjects living in the villages from birth (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.11-0.62) and it was moderate in the subjects who had relocated from village to town (OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.28-0.92), there was a significant trend among them (P for trend

In recent years,China's science research has entered the high-speed development period,which leads to the increase of the investment of science research funds.At the same time,the safety and effectiveness of the science research management and the funds has caused public concern.So the science management of research work including the use of science research funds is of great significance.This paper will analyze the risk of key positions in science research management and put forward corresponding countermeasures,combining the writer's practical experience in hospital.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-fat diet on fatty acid metabolism, expression and activity of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in skeletal muscle in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats aged 22-24 months were randomly divided into old control (OC) group and high-fat diet (HF) group. Male Wistar rats aged 4-5 months were selected as young control (YC) group. The rats in OC and YC groups were fed with basic diet, and the rats in HF group received high-fat diet. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Skeletal muscle triglyceride was extracted and measured by an automated biochemistry analyzer. Long-chain acetyl coenzyme A (LCACoAs) were extracted from muscle and measured by a fluorospectrophotometer. Protein expressions of ACC and P-ACC were measured using SDS-PAGE and Western blot techniques. Results (1)Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and free fatty acid were higher in OC group than in YC group and they increased significantly in HF group. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TO levels were also elevated after high-fat feeding. (2)Glucose infusion rates (GIR) were reduced in OC group than in YC group, and decreased significantly after high-fat feeding. GIR was lower at the end of the 8th week than at the end of the 4th week in HF group. (3) Compared with YC group, skeletal muscle triglyceride and LCACoAs increased in OC group and increased significantly in HF group. (4)No alterations of protein levels of ACC in skeletal muscle were detected among three groups (P>0.05). The protein levels of P-ACC in skeletal muscle were lower in OC group, and much lower in HF group than in YC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Compared with young rats, abnormal fatty acid metabolism and insulin resistance always exist in aged rats. High-fat feeding results in a significant increase in lipid content in skeletal muscle. Alterations of ACC activity may contribute to fat accumulation in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance.

Reduced graphene oxide-BiPO4 ( RGO-BiPO4 ) nanocomposite was synthesized successfully via a one-pot solvothermal method using graphene oxide and bismuth nitrate as precursors and glycerin as solvent at 200℃ for 1 h. The morphology and structure of as-prepared nanocomposite were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, SERS and UV-Visible spectrum. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was evaluated by the photodegradation of Rhodamine B ( RhB) dye under UV irradiation and it was found that RGO-BiPO4 nanocomposite possessed higher photocatalytic activity than that of pure BiPO4 . RhB could be decomposed 87. 5% within 2 h. Under the same conditions, only 45. 7% of the RhB dye could be decomposed by BiPO4 . The enhancement of photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the effective charge separation due to the electron-accepting and transporting properties of graphene.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the hs-c-reactive protein and the severity of coronary artery disease.Methods All the 67 patients underwent coronary angiography and measured risk factors,the Gensini score was used to determine the results of the coronary angiography.The t test,One-Way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used to predict hs-CRP.Results Coronary artery disease group hs-CRP levels were significantly higher than those in non-coronary artery disease group(P

Objective To construct a plasmid DNA encoding G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) and investigate the protective immune response against RSV infection. Methods Recombinant plasmid DNA of pcDNA3.1~G was constructed by standard RT-PCR based cloning procedure. The immunogenicity of recombinant G protein transiently expressed in HEK293 cells was detected by Western blot. BABL/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with pcDNA3.1~G. Samples of lung, sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected before and after RSV challenge; virus titer in lung was detected by viral titration; sections of paraffin embedding lung tissues were stained by haematoxylin and eosin(HE) for histological analyses; sera anti-RSV IgG levels were examined by ELISA; Th1/Th2 cytokine were detected by ELISA kit, the T lymphocyte subsets of BALF was determined by immunefluorescence staining followed by flow cytometry. Results Plasmid DNA of pcDNA3.1~G was successfully constructed. The expressed target protein possesses immunogenicity. After challenge, pcDNA3.1~G immunized mice presented relieved pathological changes in lung as well as reduced lung viral titers. The RSV specific IgG was detected in sera of immunized mice. There was significantly increased number of CD25~+CD4~+ T cells in mice BALF. Conclusion We constructed a pcDNA3.1~G plasmid DNA vaccination which can induce evident protective cellular immunity against RSV infection in mice with the increased number of CD25~+CD4~+ T cell subpopulation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between iodine intake,BRAF mutation in thyroid gland and clinical biologic characteristics in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) cases.Methods A total of 159 PTC patients and 200 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.Urine iodine was tested,BRAFV600E mutation was detected by PCR.The correlation was analyzed between BRAF mutation and iodine intake,BRAF mutation and clinical biologic characteristics of PTC respectively.Results The median urinary iodine (MUI) of the patients and healthy controls was 336 μg/L and 196 μg/L respectively (P =0.004).The overall prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation in this series of PTC was 63.5％,showing a clear correlation of BRAFV~E mutation with iodine intake (P =0.006).There was no correlation of BRAFV600E mutation with age,gender,tumor size,extrathyroid extension or nodulor goiter in PTC (P ＞ 0.05).But there was a significant association of BRAFV~E mutation with lymph node metastasis (P =0.008) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (P =0.037).Conclusions High iodine intake may be a risk factor for PTC occurrence.In PTC cases,high iodine intake may be a risk factor of BRAFV600E mutation.BRAFV600E mutations increase both in PTC with cervical lymph node metastases and uncoexisting Hashimoto' s thyroiditis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous blood purification (CBP) on cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type Ⅰ.Methods Clinical data of 42 patients with CRS type [at our hospital were collected from January 2012 to June 2014.We observed and compared changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate,respiration rate,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score,and urinary volume before and 5 days after CBP.Meanwhile,levels of serum creatinine (Scr),cysteine proteinase inhibitor Cystatin C (CysC),serum creatinine (cTn) and B-type natriuretic peptid (BNP) were monitored.In addition,dynamic changes in cardiac index (CI),intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBI),global end-diastolic volume index (GEDI),central venous pressure (CVP),and extravascular lung water index (ELVWI) were monitored using the pulse induced contour cardic output plus monitoring system (PiCCO plus),and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and 5 days after CBP was measured by color Doppler ultrasound.Results There was no significant difference in MAP in patients with CRS type Ⅰ before and 5 days after CBP (P=0.08).Tacbycardia and tachypnea improved,while urine volume increased and the APACHE Ⅱ score decreased significantly,5 days after CBP(allP＜0.05).Plasma levels of Scr,CysC,cTn and BNP after treatment were lower than those before treatment [(126.8±68.3) μmol/L vs.(413.6±126.1) μmol/L,(1.1±0.8) g/L vs.(4.1±1.1) g/L,(2.6±0.4) μg/L vs.(3.5± 0.7) μg/L,(807.6±427.7) ng/L vs.(3300.3±567.6) ng/L,all P＜0.05)].Myocardial contractility,cardiac preload and lung related parameters also significantly improved after CBP (allP ＜0.05).Conclusions CBP can alleviate clinical symptoms of CRS type Ⅰ,improve cardiac and renal function,and is promising as an important auxiliary measure for the treatment of patients with cardiorenal syndrome type Ⅰ.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different extracts of Smilax china L on the activity of ovarian cancer cells. Methods:Solvent extraction method was used to extract the active ingredients of Smilax china L. , and CCK-8 assay method was ap-plied to detect the influence of different Smilax china L. extracts (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200μg·ml-1 ) on the survival rate of ovarian cancer cells including low invasiveness A2780 cells and high invasiveness HO-8910PM cells. At the same time, the status of the two kinds of ovarian cancer cells at different time points (24, 48 and 72 h) was observed. Results:The IC50 of N-butanol extracts (SCR-B) on HO-8910 and A2780 ovarian cancer cells was 47. 5 μg· ml-1 and 69. 2 μg· ml-1 , respectively, and that of ethyl acetate ex-tracts (SCR-E) on A2780 and HO-8910 cells was 147. 9 μg· ml-1 and 166. 0 μg· ml-1, respectively. Smilax china L. extracts had the inhibition against both A278 and HO-8910PM ovarian cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Conclusion:The inhibitory activity of SCR-B against ovarian cancer cells is stronger than that of SCR-E, and SCR-B has stronger inhibition against A2780 cells than against HO-8910 cells. SCR-B has better inhibition against ovarian cancer cells.