Objective To study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on traumatized cerebral neurons and investigate its mechanism in attenuating cerebral damage.Methods Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to a control group,a traumatic brain injury group or a traumatic brain injury group treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Each group was observed 1,7 and 24 days after the operation.TUNEL was used to examine the distribution of apop- tosis cells.An immunohistoehemical method was used to examine the distribution of Bcl-2 and Bax immunoreactive- positive cells in the brain tissues.Results The average percentages of both apoptosis cells and Bcl-2 immunoreac- tive-positive cells were lower in the CAl region of the traumatized brains treated with hyperbaric oxygen than in those of the traumatic injury group at each time of observation.A significant difference in Bax immunoreactive-positive cells between the two groups was also observed.Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can significantly protect neurons against traumatic brain injury and modulate the expression of the apoptosis related genes Bcl-2 and Bax.This may ex- plain the protective mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating traumatic brain injury.

The essential oil of curcuma phaeocaulis valeto n can be extracted by supercritical fluid CO2 modified with ethanol. The recov ery of active compound, curdione, could be improved when supercritical fluid ext raction with trapping by silica gel column was used and then eluted the analytes with hexane, ether and ethanol. The relative recovery of curdione increased fro m 10.7% to 34.7%.

Objective To explore the health-relate quality of life(QOL) status of adult persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR);the change of QOL of pro-post specific immunotherapy (SIT) and pharmacotherapy .Methods Skin prick tests(SPT) were performed on PAR patients .According to the results ,80 adult cases that were allergic to dermatophagoides were enrolled in ENT outpatient clinic of affiliated hospital of Nantong University from April to August 2011 .The patients were randomly allocated to receive either specific immunotherapy(n=40) or pharmacotherapy (n=40) ,all of them were given RQLQ before and after half-year treatment ;40 cases without any allergic diseases were chosen from ENT in-patient department ,and were given RQLQ .The scores of previous treatment of the PAR group were compared with health control group ,then compared with the scores of post-treatment ,and also compared the scores of post-treatment between the immunotherapy group and pharmacotherapy group .Results The scores of the PAR patients were higher than that of health control patients in all dimensions of RQLQ (P< 0 .05) ,and the most troublesome problems were nasal symptoms .The scores of the patients who received SIT were evidently lower than that of pro-treatment in all dimensions of RQLQ(P<0 .05) ,the scores of the patients who received medical treatment were also lower than before (P<0 .05) , and the scores of the SIT group were lower than the pharmacotherapy group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The QOL of adult patients with PAR was improved after SIT or drug treatment ,and QOL improvement is more obvious treat by SIT .

Objective To investigate the expression of angiotensinⅡ (Ang Ⅱ ) and its type 1 receptor (AT1) in circulation, placenta and kidney of the rots preeclampsia. Methods Preedampsia rat model was developed by inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME). The systolic blood pressure (SBP), 24 h urine protein, hepatic and renal function were compared among the precelampsia group, the normal pregnant group and nonpregnant control group. The kidney tissue was observed by light microscopy. ELISA and radioimmunoassay were used to detect Ang Ⅱ in rat plasma and kidney homogenate respectively. Placental AT1 was measured by Westem blot. The level of kidney AT1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results In preeclampsia rats, SBP and 24 h urine protein were significantly higher compared with control groups. Compared to normal pregnant group, plasma Ang Ⅱ of preeclampsia rats was much higher [(0.706±0.086) ng/L vs (0.540±0.085) ng/L, P＜0.05]; placental AT1 was increased by 46%(P＜ 0.05); kidney Ang Ⅱ was decreased signigicantly [(65.543±40.634) ng/g vs (165.543±33.078) ng/g, P＜0.05]. The expression of ATI in kidney of preeclampsia rats was reduced evidently,which was only 33% of normal pregnancy group and 59% of nonpregnant control greup,respeetively (P＜0.05). Conclusions In preeclampsia rat model, the circulating Ang Ⅱ is increased, the placental RAS isactivated, while the kidney BAS is suppressed. The underlying mechanism of proteinuria and kidney damage associated with this phenomenon in preeclampsia needs further research.

Objective Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is one of the most important methods for evalua-ting the medical students′clinical ability .The aim of this study was to analyze the value of OSCE on practice examination in the depart -ment of cardiothoracic surgery . Methods Through the use of standardized patients and the six-station clinical examination , we as-sessed the clinical skills of interns in the department of cardiothoracic surgery . Results OSCE could appraise interns′clinical ability objectively and accurately , which obtained the recognition from students . Conclusion OSCE is applicable to the clinical skills tes-ting in the department of cardiothoracic surgery .

Objective T he present study aimed to optimize the established predictive models (REACH‐B scoring model) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . Methods The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive (> 6 months) patients who were firstly admitted in the Liver Center of First Affiliated Hospital ,Fujian Medical University between Oct 1st 2004 and May 1st 2014 were selected as the subjects and divided into two groups ,namely ,the case group (HCC group) and the control group (non‐HCC group) .Clinical data of all the subjects were retrospectively collected and analyzed .Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive values of the various models .Results To predict the development of HBV‐related HCC within 3 years ,a total of 627 patients (151 HCC cases and 476 non‐HCC controls) were enrolled .Area under curve (AUC) of HBV‐related HCC (REACH‐B) scoring model was 0 .78 (95% CI:0 .74-0 .82) ,with the sensitivity of 73 .00% and specificity of 78 .70% in predicting 3‐year risk of HCC occurrence .By combining alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and REACH‐B ,the R‐AFP scoring model was constructed .The AUC increased to 0 .80 (95% CI:0 .76 -0 .83 , Z= 2 .50 , P= 0 .01) ,with the sensitivity of 71 .03% and specificity of 79 .13% in predicting 3‐year HCC development .By combining AFP isoform 3 (AFP‐L3% ) and REACH‐B ,the R‐AFP‐L3% scoring model was constructed .The AUC further increased to 0 .83 (95% CI:0 .80-0 .87 ,Z=2 .45 ,P=0 .01) ,with the sensitivity of 75 .01% and specificity of 79 .32% in predicting 3‐year HCC development .To predict the development of HBV‐related HCC within 5 years ,a total of 159 (65 HCC cases and 94 non‐HCC controls) were enrolled .The AUC of REACH‐B scoring model was 0 .79 (95% CI:0 .72-0 .87) ,with the sensitivity of 73 .60% and specificity of 75 .43% .The R‐AFP scoring model had an AUC of 0 .84 (95% CI:0 .77-0 .90 ,Z=2 .70 ,P=0 .006) ,with the sensitivity of 83 .12%and specificity of 77 .89% .Conclusion Combination of AFP or AFP‐L3% may optimize the predictive values of REACH‐B scoring model in predicting 3‐year and 5‐years risks of developing HBV‐related HCC .

Six flavonol glycosides were isolated and calibrated from Ginkgo biloba extract, and then used to calibrate the content in 2 baiches of G. biloba reference extract, so was rutin. RSD values of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-2-glu- coside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnop-yranosyl-2-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl-2-O-(6-O-p-coum-aroyl) - glucoside were around 1.1%-4.6%, nevertheless, RSD values of quercetin-3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were more than 5%. According to the results, the reference extract of G. biloba can be used as the substitute to determine rutin, kaempferol-3-O- rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-2-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl-2-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside and kaempferol-3-0-rhamnopyranosyl-2-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside instead of corresponding reference substances. So reference extract in place of single component reference in assay is feasible.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Biomedical Research ; trends ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo study the proliferation and apoptosis of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on leukemic U937 cells and its possible mechanism.

METHODThe inhibitory effect of TMP on the proliferation of U937 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were examined by the flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of bcl-2 and P27 were determined by the Real-time PCR. Western blot was carried out to detect bcl-2, caspase-3, cyclin E1, CDK2 and P27 expressions.

RESULTTMP inhibited the proliferation of U937 cells in a dose-and-time dependent manner, with IC50 value of 160 mg x L(-1) at 48 h. In addition, TMP could induce the apoptosis of U937 cells and block the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. According to the results of Real-time PCR and Western blot, TMP could down-regulate the expression of apoptosis-related molecule bcl-2, cycle-related protein cyclin E1 and CDK2 and up-regulate caspase-3 and P27.

CONCLUSIONTMP shows the effects in inhibiting the proliferation of leukemic U937 cells and inducing the apoptosis. Its mechanism may be related to the impacts on the cell cycle distribution, down-regulation of the bcl-2 expression, which finally activates caspase-3, starts the apoptosis path and causes the cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; analysis ; Humans ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; U937 Cells

Carcinoma in Situ ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; classification ; pathology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; classification ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Precancerous Conditions ; classification ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology