Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common syndrome in adolescent women and women of reproductive age. Main manifestations are oligomenorrhea, anovulation, polycystic ovarian, and hyperandrogenism with metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. PCOS can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer, which seriously threat the health of women. The pathogenesis of PCOS is not clear. Over 60% of women with PCOS are obese or overweight. Appetite and energy intake regulation plays an important role in body weight management. Nutrients are mainly digested and absorbed in gastrointestinal track, which is also one of the largest endocrine organs in human body. Special endocrine epithelial cells in stomach, proximal small intestine, and distal small intestine can secrete ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY, which involve in the regulation of appetite and are also known as appetite regulating hormones. This review focuses on changes in the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and related weight loss treatment in patients with PCOS.

It was found that pre-X region was present in five clones of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome from 2 patients with chronic HBV infection. The open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 168 base pair (bp), and could be transslated with the X gene in frame. To investigate the activity of pre-X gene promoter, promoter DNA sequence was amplified from HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), The amplified product was cloned into pCAT3 vector, The HepG2 cells were transfected by pCAT3-Pre-X-p. The CAT activity was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. It was found that pCAT3-Pre-X-p had higher activity of CAT, which was 3.5 fold over that of pCAT3-promoter. This result implicated that pCAT3-Pre-X-p possessed promoter activity.

To investigate the promoter activity of pre-pre-S gene, which was found in five clones of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome from 2 patients with chronic HBV infection, promoter DNA sequence was amplified from HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The amplified product was cloned into pCAT3 reporter vector. The HepG2 cells were transfected by pCAT3-pre-pre-S-p. The CAT activity was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. It was found that pCAT3-pre-pre-S-p had higher activity of CAT which was 10 fold over that of pCAT3-basic. This result implicated that pCAT3-pre-pre-S-p had promoter activity.

Objective To analyze the precision and accuracy of the Olympus AU5421 automatic biochemical analyzer in order to verify the performance of this detection system declared by the manufacturer.Methods The Precision and Accuracy of User Au-thentication-Guide for Approval Second Edition(CLSI EP15-A2)was used to perform the routine detection on the Olympus AU5421 automatic biochemical analyzer.The systematic precision and accuracy were analyzed.Results Under this experiment condition,the precision and accuracy of the Olympus AU5421 automatic biochemical analyzer was consistent with the performance declared by the manufacturer.Conclusion The Olympus AU5421 automatic biochemical analyzer system has the high precision and good accuracy, and can be better applied in the clinical routine detection.

Objective To study the SRSF2 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by using high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA). Methods PCR-HRMA analysis was performed to screen SRSF2 mutations in 140 cases with AML, and the direct DNA sequencing was used to confirm the HRMA results. Results Five percent (7/140) of AML patients were found with heterozygous SRSF2 mutations, including one case of P95R mutation, two case of P95L mutation, and four cases of P95H mutation, the above mutations were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. The maximal sensitivity of HRMA in detecting SRSF2 mutation was close to 10%. There were no difference in gender, age and blood parameters among cases with or without SRSF2 mutations (P > 0.05). The overall survival (OS) of patients with SRSF2 mutations was inferior to those without SRSF2 mutations in AML patients (P=0.016). Conclusions HRMA analysis was a convenient, rapid, specific, high-throughput technique for scanning of SRSF2 gene mutations in AML patients. SRSF2 mutation may predict the adverse prognosis in AML patients.

The main commercial production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) comes from enzymatic transformation using sucrose as substrate by microbial enzyme fructosyltransferase. A fructosyltransferase genomic DNA was isolated from Aspergillus niger QU10 by PCR. The nucleotide sequence showed a 1 941 bp size, and has been submitted to GenBank (KF699529). The cDNA of the fructosyltransferase, containing an open reading frame of 1 887 bp, was further cloned by RT-PCR. The fructosyltransferase gene from Aspergillus niger was functionally expressed both in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris GS 115. The highest activity value for the construction with the α-factor signal peptide reached 431 U/mL after 3 days of incubation. The recombinant enzyme is extensively glycosylated, and the active form is probably represented by a homodimer with an apparent molecular mass of 200 kDa as judged from mobility in seminative PAGE gels. The extracellular recombinant enzyme converted sucrose mostly to FOS, mainly 1-kestose and nystose, liberating glucose. FOS reached a maximal value and represented about 58% of total sugars present in the reaction mixture after 4 h reaction. The results suggest that the availability of recombinant Pichia pastoris as a new source of a FOS-producing enzyme might result of biotechnology interest for industrial application.
Aspergillus niger ; enzymology ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Escherichia coli ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Hexosyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Pichia ; Sucrose ; metabolism ; Trisaccharides ; metabolism

Objective To study on the application of biological variation total allowable error in quality management of serum lipid detection .Methods The σ score ,quality goal index (QGI) ,priority improvement measures and performance evaluation of lipid accuracy criteria were evaluated ,including cholesterol (CHOL) ,triglyceride (TG) ,high density lipoprotein (HDL‐C) ,low density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) ,which included in the standard of accuracy of the Ministry of Health in 2015 .The reason for unsatisfactory re‐sults of cholesterol (CHOL) test were analyzed .Results Based on the three levels of quality specifications derived in biological var‐iation ,when the total allowable error was located at an appropriate level ,the σ score of TG ,HDL‐C ,LDL‐C reached 6 ,it was not re‐quired for improvement .While the score of CHOL performance analysis was poor ,accuracy was required to give priority to impro‐ving .When the total allowable error reached the best level ,only the σ score of TG achieved “good” in the four items ,improvement of precision was needed .When the total allowable error was located at the lowest level ,the σ score of TG ,HDL‐C ,LDL‐C was grea‐ter than 6 ,the score of performance analysis reached the “excellent” .The σ score of CHOL (2 .9) had been closen to 3σ ,accuracy was required to be corrected .Conclusion The biological variation derived total allowable error is easy to meet the requirements of the quality management in serum lipid determination by current technologies and methods .The theory of 6σ quality can reflect the performance of detection indexes ,and improve the quality of analysis effectively .

Objective To investigate the changes and correlation of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods 124 cases selected from the department of endocrinology admissions of patients with type 2 diabetes,divided into diabetic patients with non proliferative retinopathy group (NPDR group,40 cases),diabetes with value-added retinopathy group (PDR group,41 cases),diabetic retinopathy group (NDR group,n=43) and healthy volunteers group (NC group,40 cases),fasting venous blood indexes,correlation and multiple regression analysis in parallel.Results The RBP4,Hcy in PDR group were higher than NPDR group and NDR group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The RBP4 and Hcy in NPDR group were higher than NDR group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);RBP4 and FPG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C and Hcy showed a positive correlation(P<0.05),and HDL-C showed a negative correlation(P<0.05),FPG and Hcy;HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C and RBP4 showed a positive correlation(P<0.05),and HDL-C showed a negative correlation(P<0.05);multi factor regression analysis,diabetic retinopathy and Hcy,RBP4 and HbA1c showed a positive correlation(P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of Hcy and RBP4 in patients with DR are highly expressed,and gradually increase with the progression of the disease,which is positively related to the occurrence and development of DR,and can be used as an important risk factor.

Objective To investigate the employing units' evaluation of the importance of the pre-ventive medicine talents' competencies, Hainan province, in order to provide reference for the construction of competency model of Preventive Medicine and make suggestions for the cultivation of Preventive Medicine professionals in our province. Methods Random sampling methods were applied and a survey was conducted among 10 CDCs and Health Supervision Institutes with self-designed questionnaires through telephone interview, correspondence or field investigation. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results Teamwork, responsibility, preventive medicine knowledge, ability to prevent and control the dis-eases, ability to accept new methods and new techniques were thought very important by 94.4％, 100％, 72.2％, 77.8％, 72.2％of the surveyed units, respectively. However, only 5.6％、5.6％、33.3％and 38.9％of the surveyed units, respectively, considered that the computer applications ability, English proficiency, research approval and innovation ability were very important. Conclusion Colleges should improve the work of cultivating preventive medicine specialists to meet the employing units' demands.

Objective To explore independent risk factors of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) on severe craniocerebral injury patients, and propose nursing intervention measures to reduce occurrence of VAP. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 73 severe craniocerebral injury patients with VAP postoperatively from January 2013 to June 2015, and 80 severe craniocerebral injury patients underwent mechanical ventilation without VAP postoperatively at the same time were selected as the control group. Through literature review, questionnaire was designed to collect potential impact factors of VAP in both two groups, the single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the VAP independent risk factors, and nursing intervention countermeasures were proposed to improve VAP clinical prevention. Results VAP incidence rate of severe craniocerebral injury patients postoperatively was 23.0%(73/317) , from which 81 strains were detected, the first three strains of strain spectrum were Klebsiella pneumonia (21.0% ), Bauman Acinetobacter (17.3% ) and pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (14.8% ). Single factor analysis showed there were significant differences on composition of two groups in age, preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, operation times, artificial airway type, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, daily airway humidification frequency, daily sputum suction frequency compound injury, daily oral care times (χ2=1.809-11.936, P < 0.01 or 0.05). Logistic regression models showed duration of mechanical ventilation (OR≥7d=3.013; OR≥14d=3.695), secondary surgery (OR =3.111) , preoperative GCS score (OR =2.989), daily airway humidification frequence (OR =2.280), age (OR=2.237) had remarkable influence on occurrence of postoperative VAP (P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions The incidence rate of VAP in severe craniocerebral injury patients is higher, age, mechanical ventilation duration, preoperative GCS score, airway humidification degree, second surgery are the independent risk factors of VAP.