OBJECTIVE:To clarify the responsibilities of drug clinical trial institution and ethics committee in China,and to provide reference for the improvement of drug clinical trial management. METHODS:The responsibility conflicts between drug clinical trial institution and ethics committee were summarized,and its reasons were analyzed to provide suggestions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS:The responsibility conflicts have been found between drug clinical trial institution and ethics committee,mainly manifesting as the essential person who submits protocol is not clear;the responsibilities in multicenter ethics investigation are con-troversial;the management of their track issues are not connected enough. 3 aspects of measures can be adopted,including reach-ing an agreement of responsibility assignment learning from foreign advanced ideas,improving laws and regulations;enhancing the management,promoting the implementation of policy and agreement. So,the responsibilities of drug clinical trial institution and ethics committee can be further clarified to improve the management of drug clinical trial.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of conbercept and lucentis in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.Methods A total of 66 patients with age-related macular degeneration from our hospital were chosen,the patients or family members signed an agreement,were randomly divided into experiment group and control group with 33 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated by lucentis injection therapy; patients in the experiment group were treated by conbercept injection,determined serological indexes and ophthalmic indexes before and after treatment,and the clinical efficacy wascompared,the patients were followed up,the adverse reactions were recorded.Results After treatment,the vision restoration effective rate of the control group 48％was lower than the experiment group 80％,with statistical significance(P<0.05); the adverse reactions rate of the experiment group(20％)compared with the control group(16％),was no difference.Conclusion Conbercept injection in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration can decrease peripheral blood VEGF and CRP contents,reduce the CMT and CNV levels,reduce intraocular pressure,improve vision.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of prenatal ultrasound examination in diagnosing twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAP). Methods This was a retrospective study on 5 cases of TRAP sequence conifrmed by prenatal ultrasound and clinical method. The clinical data and ultrasound images were analyzed. Cases were collected at Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2001 January to 2013 February. Results Four-iffths of TRAP were not corrected diagnosed and another one was misdiagnosised as asymmetrical conjoined twins in early pregnancy. Five cases of TRAP were correctly diagnosed during the second trimester. Sonographic ifndings of ifve acardia without blood lfow were as follows:(1) All acardias had no blood perfusion in body and umbilical cord, were absence of the fetal head (acephalous) and heart (acaidia), without skin edema, and a linear object resemble as umbilical cord extend from umbilical region of acardia to plcenta could be seen. Four (case 2-5) had lower limbs or dysplasia of lower limbs (two had spine), and one (case 1) had an irregular mass with bone. (2) Four pump twins had no obvious abnormity, while one had two clubfeet (case 2). Three died in uterus, one underwent induced labor due to oligohydramnios and heart dysfunction, and another one survived. Prenatal ultrasound images were consistent with MRI, X-ray examination, autopsy and postnatal neonatal examination results. Conclusions Acardia without blood lfow which was generally misdiagnosed as single gestation in utero can be diagnosed according to the special disformity of acardia and the linear umbilical cord extend from umbilical region to placenta, besides, it still need to strengthen monitoring the pump twin even if there was no blood perfusion to acardia.

Objective To compare the differences of salivary alpha(α) amylase (sAA) activity and its activity ratio from the sali‐va before and after citric acid stimulation and approach the correlations among sAA activity determined by the methods of iodine‐starch ,Bernfeld and EPS‐G7 velocity respectively .Methods Ten saliva samples were collected from five healthy volunteers before and after citric acid stimulation .Their activities were determined three times by the three methods ,and the variation coefficient (CV) of sAA activity and activity ratio were calculated .Moreover ,correlation among sAA activities determined by the three meth‐ods were analyzed .Results The significant differences (P< 0 .05) were found in sAA activity and total CV from three determined methods ,and sAA activity and total CV by the method of EPS‐G7 velocity were minimum .There were no significant differences (P> 0 .05) in sAA activities ratio and its CV ;Significant correlation was found between sAA activity determined by random two of three methods(P < 0 .05) ,and their correlation coefficients were above 0 .96 .Conclusion The sAA activity data determined by three methods could be transformed each other by regression equation ,and determined precision by the method of EPS‐G7 velocity is highest ,and data processing method of sAA activity ratio could decrease differences among CV from three methods .

Hereditary disease, especially monogenic disease is one of the major causes for malformation and disability of children. Most hereditary diseases have no effective therapy besides clinical symptomatic treatment. Biological techniques targeting casual genes or related signaling genes, such as transgenic, RNA interfere, genome editing, have been successfully applied in treating some hereditary diseases. However, most biological, treatments were carried out in animals, further confirmation of the effectiveness and safety of these therapies, and development of more therapeutic approaches based on mechanisms are needed before clinical trials.
Animals ; Biological Therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans

Recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) is a common chronic respiratory disease of children.The pathogenesis is complex,etiology and treatment methods are varied.Probiotics are immune modulators with extensive clinical application.This paper reviewed the changes of intestinal microflora in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection and the mechanisms of probiotic treatment including intestinal flora regulation,intestinal mucosal barrier,stimulation of the growth of intestinal mucosa and immune regulation.

Objective To discuss the application of serum hs-CRP and lipids detection and the correlations between them in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The levels of serum hs-CRP,TC,TG, HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoA1,ApoB were all measured in 49 type 2 diabetic patients and 53 normal cases.Results The type 2 diabetic group had significantly higher hs-CRP, TC,TG, LDL-C, ApoB and lower HDL-C than the control group. The concentration of serum hs-CRP correlated positively with TG,ApoB and negatively with HDL-C.Conclusion Serum hs-CRP level is associated with serum lipid level and inflammatory response might play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetic mellitus there is an increased risk of development of cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the improvement of licensed pharmacists associations in China.METHODS:To analyze the misunderstanding of marketing and marketing strategies of the licensed pharmacists associations in China.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The licensed pharmacists associations in China should acquire the marketing idea of market guide and society guide,and optimize grouping the product strategies,place strategies,promotion strategies,prize strategies in order to realize the goal of marketing management of the organization.

Objective To assess the intensity of the pain and its negative impact on patients with protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID) through using a case-control study. Methods 94 patients with PLID and 398 control individuals were enrolled in this study. The pains were assessed using McGill questionnaire. Results The sensory pain score(5.22?2.22), affective pain score (2.68?0.81)and VAS score (7.79?1.42)in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P

In recent years,zebrafish has become ideal animal models of human disease with its unique characteristics,such as small body,fecundity,fast development and growth,embryo transparency,and so on.Furthermore,the structure and gene of zebrafish eye are highly conservative with human eye,which make ophthalmologists to pay close attentions to zebrafish.This review focused on the studies and applications on zebrafish embryonic development of eyes,and also the applications of currently used genetic regulation and editing techniques and tools.