Chemoradiotherapy is an important part in the adjuvant regimen for locally advanced gastric cancer after radical resection. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has demonstrated a clear local control and survival advantage for locally advanced patients with less than D2 lymph node dissection. Thus, chemoradiotherapy is recommended as standard of care in the postoperative setting. However, the role of radiotherapy for patients with more extensive D2 lymph node dissections remains controversial. Three phase III random-ized clinical trials in Asia show that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after D2 dissection is safe and feasible and may benefit certain groups of patients. The benefit of radiotherapy in the case of more extensive surgery still warrants well-designed, fully powered randomized controlled clinical trials for verification. More studies are needed to focus on the identification of patient subgroups that are at high risk for locoregional failure and may benefit from adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Further optimization of target volume in the radiother-apy and exploration of new modalities of radiation techniques are also necessary.

Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; chemically induced ; etiology ; Female ; Heart ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysophospholipids ; pharmacology ; physiology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and operation treatment of the congenital middle ear cholesteatoma. METHOD: A retrospective review of clinical and surgical records of 10 patients with congenital middle ear cholesteatoma were performed. All patients were treated by surgeries,5 of 10 cases deal with one-stage tympanoplasty after drum exploration by external auditory meatus, 3 cases dealed with closed mastoidotympanectomy and tympanomastoidectomy, 2 cases dealed with open mastoidotympanectomy and tympanomastoidectomy. RESULT: The cholesteatomas were located at or around the posterior tympanum or mesotympanum in 5 patients, confined to the tympanic cavity and attic in 3 patients, advanced cholesteatoma that extended from the tympanic cavity into the mastoid antrum was seen in 2 patients. The mean postoperative PTA was 30 dB HL, the mean ABG was within 20 dB, after six months. No residual or recurrence of cholesteatoma was found. CONCLUSION The congenital cholesteatoma often originates from the posterior or anterior of the middle ear, with hiding lesion, thus result in severe conductive hearing loss. Imaging examination plays an important role in diagnosing and treating of congenital cholesteatoma. Early stage surgical treatment can obtain a good hearing reconstruction effect.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholesteatoma ; congenital ; surgery ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; surgery ; Ear, Middle ; physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tympanoplasty ; methods ; Young Adult

To understand the status of testing skills and quality management in drug testing laboratories. Methods:The items, pass rate and type of participating laboratories of measurement audit were analyzed during 2011-2014. Results:The number of application items was increased year by year, more than half of which focused on the content determination, and the overall pass rate was over 80%. Conclusion:The measurement audit is important for laboratories, which should be further strengthened and standard-ized.

OBJECTIVETo reveal the quality variation of polysaccharides, triterpenoids and proteins in spores and fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum from producing areas, different varieties, harvesting parts and periods, and wall-breaking treatments.

METHODSpores and fruiting bodies from varieties of Longzhi No. 1 and Hunong No. 1 were collected as test samples, together with wall-broken spores sold in domestic main producing areas. The anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method was used to determine the content of total polysaccharides. The vanillin-glacial acetic acid-perchloric acid colorimetric method was used to determine the content of total triterpenoids. The Lowry method was used to determine the content of total proteins.

RESULTThe content ranges of total polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, and total proteins from 6 domestic main producing areas were 0.40% - 2.25%, 1.36%-3.15% and 0.74% -1.91% respectively. The content ranges of total polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and proteins in the fruiting bodies from 2 varieties cultured in Zhejiang were 0.25% -1.42%, 0.44% -1.42% and 1.82% -3.67% respectively. In addition, the ranges of samples from wall-unbroken spores were 0.41% - 0.91%, 0.09% - 0.12%, 0.78% - 0.90% respectively and wall-broken spores are 1.03% - 2.25%, 1.89% - 3.15%, 0.96% - 1.04% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThere are significant differences in the contents of main chemical ingredients of wall-broken G. lucidum spores saled in the markets. The samples from Zhejiang contain high content of total polysaccharides and triterpenoids, and samples from Fujian contains more proteins. Between the 2 major varieties cultured in Zhejiang, Longzhi No. 1 contains higher content of triterpenoids, but Hunong No. 1 has more polysaccharides. Contents of triterpenoids and polysaccharides from wall-broken spores are much higher than those of fruiting bodies. The stipes from fruiting bodies contains more polysaccharides than those of the pileus, while the triterpenoids contents are higher in the pileus than stipes. The pileus and stipes collected in the second year contain higher content of polysaccharides than the first year's samples, but the contents of triterpenoids are lower. Wall-breaking treatment would significantly improve the extraction and dissolution rate of total triterpenoids and polysaccharides.

Fungal Proteins ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Spores, Fungal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a serious major parasitic disease that threatens human life and health. A better understanding of the mechanism of host-schistosome interactions is the key to designing new prevention and control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules, which lead to the degradation of the target messenger RNA (mRNA) or inhibition of its translation in a sequence-specific manner. Both schistosome and its host produce miRNAs, which can be secreted by extracellular vesicles (EVs). There is accumulating evidence that miRNAs from schistosome can be taken up by host cells, and finely manipulate the phenotype of host cells for their survival or pathogenesis in a cross-species manner, even inhibiting the growth and metastases of hepatoma cells. It is still unknown whether host free miRNAs can be taken up by schistosome, but this phenomenon is highly probable. miRNA-mediated cross-species regulation has emerged as a novel mechanism for host-schistosome interactions, and this review summarizes the advances in this regard.

Objective To investigate the association of serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) and myocardial enzyme levels in children with bronchopneumonia.Methods Serum IL-8 contents were measured by the radioimmunity method and serum myocardial enzyme contents were measured by the Olympus AU640 in 60 children with bronchopneumonia (mild 30 cases and severe 30 cases) as well as in 30 controls.Results Serum IL-8 contents were significantly higher in children with severe bronchopneumonia and mild bronchopneumonia than those in controls [( 2.54 ± 0.65),( 1.28 ± 0.53) μ g/L vs.(0.43 ± 0.08) μ g/L] (P ＜0.01),and serum myocardial enzyme contents (α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase,creatine kinase,aspartate aminotransferase) were significantly higher in children with severe bronchopneumonia and mild bronchopneumonia than those in controls (P＜0.01).Conclusions IL-8 and myocardial enzyme may play a role in children with bronchopneumonia.Determination of serum IL-8 and myocardial enzyme levels might have important prognostic values in children with bronchopneumonia.

Objective To analyze the effect of both limited selective posterior rhizotomy(LSPR)and limited selective soft tissue release(LSTR)on healing motor function related to spasmo-cerebral palsy in both legs.Methods Thirty-eight cases CP with LSPR and LSTR were collected in the past 3 years;21 males,17 females;aged 3.0-8.11 years old,on the average of 5.11 years old.Perioperative motor function were evaluated according to motor function scores.Results LSPR and LSTR played a role in improving motor function obviously,and had little difference in orthomorphia after SPR for 6 months.Conclusion LSPR and LSTR may improve cramp and abnormality in both legs,and enhance motor function,so the secondary operation agony can be avoided,and the family economic burden relived.

Objective To investigate the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on Caspase-3 expression.Methods According to the gene sequence and the secondary structure characteristics of Caspase-3, three siRNA （Si-Caspase-3-1, Si-Caspase-3-2 and Si-Caspase-3-3） were designed with 21 basic group, and siRNAs against Caspase-3 gene were synthesized. With the liposome conduct, the synthesized siRNAs were transferred into neuroglia cells. After the cells crept the slices, cells were dyed with fluor Hoechst33258; the apoptotic cells were stained with TUNEL, the normal neuroglia cells were as control, the Caspase-3 protease activity were detected with hemi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The synthesized siRNAs could inhibit the expression of Caspase-3 gene. For Si-Caspase-3-3, the expression inhibition rate of Caspase-3 mRNA was 86.32% in neuroglia cell.Conclusion The synthesized siRNAs can inhibit the expression of Caspase-3 gene at cell level.

Objective To study the features of CT and MRI diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors ,and to improve the un-derstanding of its imaging findings .Methods Fifteen cases of intracranial germ cell tumors proved by pathology and follow-up were retrospectively analyzed .Results Among the 15 cases with intracranial germ cell tumors ,9 cases in pineal body , tumours showed like-round masses,the margin of the masses were well defined .CT was slightly high density,MRI revealed isointense or hypointense signals on T1 weighted and homogeneous hyperintense signals on T 2 weighted image without edema around tumors and homogeneous en-hancement.One cases in CSF spread.Four cases were identified in the saddle-up area, among the 2 cases was cystic,1 cases was sol-id-cystic and 1 cases was solid,CT was isointense or high density in solid,low density in cystic,without edema around tumors.MRI re-vealed slight-hypointense signals on T 1 weighted and hyperintense signals on T 2 weighted image clearly enhanced in solid , cystoid with-out enhance .In the other 2 cases of intracranial germ cell tumors in the basal ganglia region ,CT was inhomogeneous high density ,inho-mogeneous signals on T2 and T1 weighted image, inhomogeneous enhancement .Conclusions Intracranial germ cell tumors show char-acteristic manifestations on CT and MRI,according to location,shape,signal,age characteristic,which is helpful in diagnosis and differ-ential diagnosis and guide treatment plan .