Objective To study the changes of motor cortex in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)while executing sequential finger tapping movement by using blood oxygenation level dependent(BOLD)functional MRI.Methods Fifteen patients with definite or probable ALS and 15 age and gender matched normal controls were enrolled in the BOLD study,and all the subjects were right-handed with no other diseases or any recent medication history.A 3.0 T MR scanner was employed and gradient echo EPI(GRE-EPI)sequence was used to acquire the functional images.Subjects executed sequential finger tapping movement at a frequency of 1-2 Hz during a block design task.fMRI data were analyzed by using statistical parametric mapping(SPM)2.Volume of activated brain areas was compared with the use of a Student's t-test.Results Bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex(PSM),bilateral posterior aspect of premotor area(PA),bilateral supplementary motor area(SMA),contralateral inferior lateral premotor area (ILPA),bilateral parietal region(PAR),and ipsilateral cerebellum showed activation in both ALS patients and normal controls when executing the same motor task.The activation areas in bilateral PSM and bilateral posterior aspect of PA(right hand ipsilateral activation:ALS(924.5±141.1)mm3,control(829.9±98.4)mm3,P=0.05;right hand contralateral activation:ALS(9143.8±702.8)mm3,control(8638.8±506.4)mm3,P＜0.05;left hand ipsilateral activation:ALS(1162.5±357.4)mm3,control(902.5±184.2)mm3,P＜0.05;left hand contralateral activation:ALS(8255.2±870.2)mm3,control (5934.6±616.4)mm3,P＜0.05),bilateral SMA(right hand bilateral activation:ALS(6564.3±720.6)mm3,control(4710.7±416.3)mm3,P＜0.05;left hand bilateral activation:ALS(6970.5±961.8)mm3,control(3688.9±672.3)mm3,P＜0.05),and ipsilateral cerebellum(right hand ipsilateral activation:ALS(2720.0±1154.2)mm3,control(254.3±84.4)mm3,P＜0.05;left hand ipsilateral activation:ALS(4794.4±1237.0)mm3,control(1689.0±719.6)mm3,P＜0.05)were significantly larger in ALS patients than in normal controls.Extra activation areas including ipsilateral ILPA,contralateral cerebellum and bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule were only detected in ALS patients.Conclusions Similar activation areas were seen in both groups while executing the same motor task,but the activated areas were more prominent in ALS group.The increased activation areas in ALS patients may represent neural reorganization.while the extra activation areas in ALS patients may indicate functional compensation.

Objective To discuss nursing ways to prevent frontal pressure sores for children after cochlear implantation.Methods A total of 267 cases with sensorineural deafness were selected and divided into the control group (admitted from December 2012 to July 2013,115 cases) and the observation group (admitted from August 2013 to March 2014,152 cases) randomly.Skin preparation was done routinely,general nutritional condition and frontal skin condition were evaluated before operation.The control group used conventional elastic bandage after surgery.The observation group used Allevyn Thin foam dressing to cover the forehead skin before pressure dressing by elastic bandage.The incidence of frontal pressure sores was compared between two groups.Results Two cases occurred frontal pressure sores in the observation group and 31 cases in the control group,x2=39.736,P ＜ 0.01.Patients in the control group with pressure sore focused within 1-2 years old,totally 18 cases.Conclusions Nurses should attach great importance to younger children with cochlear implantation to prevent pressure sores.Nursing staff should keep update knowledge of prevention and treatment of pres-sure ulcers,accurately assess skin conditions and risk factors in patients and adopt precautions predictably.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevention and treatment for postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

METHODSThe data of 18 PGS cases after pancreaticoduodenectomy were analyzed.

RESULTSPGS of these 18 patients occurred within 4-10 days after operation. All of the PGS patients were cured with mean 25.4 days by conservative therapy and no one received re-operation. PGS was closely associated with the operation procedure (chi(2)=3.90, P<0.05)and postoperative complications (chi(2)=3.92, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIncidence of PGS can be decreased by improvement of surgical procedure and prevention of abdominal complications. PGS can be cured by conservative therapy generally. Re-operation should be avoided.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastroparesis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications

OBJECTIVETo determine the role of recipient lymphopenia state in the expansion and function of leukemia specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).

METHODSC57BL/6 mice were induced to lymphopenia with 6 Gy total body irradiation. Spleen T cells or leukemia specific T cells from EGFP+ transgenic C57BL/6-EGFP mice were adoptively transferred by intravenous injection. The mice were challenged subcutaneously with 1 x 10(6) FBL3 leukemic cells at day 2 after irradiation. The peripheral WBC count, percentage of EGFP+ cells, subsets of T cells and tumor sizes were monitored.

RESULTBoth of the spleen T cell and leukemia specific CTL proliferated efficiently with the percentage of EGFP+ cells of 28. 81% and 42.24%, respectively, after infused into lymphopenic recipients. However, spleen T cells had no anti-leukemia effect regardless of its expansion. In contrast, leukemia specific CTLs showed a more rapid and extensive expansion under the condition of lymphopenia and a enhanced anti-leukemia immunity.

CONCLUSIONTransfusion of leukemia specific CTLs under lymphopenia state could be a feasible strategy to expand leukemia specific CTLs and generate favorable anti-leukemia effect in vivo.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Leukemia ; immunology ; Lymphopenia ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical features and prognosis of early-onset preeclampsia.

METHODSA total of 115 cases of early-onset preeclampsia were recruited from January 1999 to December 2004 and the data analyzed in terms of the incidence, manifestation, maternal and fetal complications.

RESULTThe early-onset preeclampsia accounted for 13.4% of all preeclampsia diagnosed. The perinatal mortality was 13.3% in early-onset preeclampsia. Dysfunction and hepatic dysfunction were the main maternal complications. The gestational ages at admission and at delivery were significantly correlated with perinatal prognosis (P<0.001). Most cases received regular treatment had good prognosis.

CONCLUSIONEarly-onset preeclampsia is a severe type of preeclampsia.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Pre-Eclampsia ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome

Objective: To summarize the peri-operative management experience of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods: A total of 56 CTEPH patients received PEA in our hospital from 2015-01 to 2016-11 were retrospectively analyzed. Our study was focused on the medication in respiratory and circulatory system during ICU stay, peri-operative application of vasoactive drug and target drug to pulmonary hypertension (HP), usage of ventilators, mechanical assisted devices and other management experiences. Results: No peri-operative death occurred. There were 2/56 (3.6%) patients with lung reperfusion, 2 (3.6%) with PH crisis. Compared with pre-operation, the post-operative pulmonary artery hemodynamics parameters were improved as right heart catheter measured pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) decreased from (85.05±22.40) mmHg to (36.83 ±17.21) mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from (773.84±342.95) dyn·s·cm-5 to (293.59±214.95) dyn·s·cm-5. Post-operative oxygen saturation was maintained at (95-100) % in all patients. Echocardiography found that PASP from pre-operation (85.03±25.78) mmHg decreased to (39.44±19.24) mmHg at follow-up period, P<0.01.Conclusion: A comprehensive peri-operative management of PEA was helpful to improve pulmonary hemodynamics in CTEPH patients; meanwhile, effective prevention and treatment of severe complication could obviously reduce peri-operative mortality.

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiologic characters of influenza in China from 2001 to 2003.

METHODSData of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) each week and outbreaks of influenza were collected through National Influenza Surveillance Network, which includes 11 northern and 12 southern provinces of China. Samples were collected in the outpatients of ILI from 2001 to 2003 and influenza viruses were isolated and identified.

RESULTSEpidemiological and laboratory surveillance data showed that the annual seasonality of influenza epidemic was clear. The peak of epidemic of influenza in northern areas was in winter season, during December to January. However, there were three peaks distributed to Spring (Apr.-May.), Summer (Jun.-Aug.) and Winter (Dec.-Jan.) seasons in the southern areas. In the peak months, the number of ILI visits per day and per surveillance hospital had increased two-fold in northern and by 37% in southern China. The baseline of percentages for ILI visits, which calculated with 75th percentiles (P75), was 13.68% in the north and 13.08% in southern China. The age distribution of ILI was related to seasonal types of influenza. When the predominated strain of the season was influenza B virus, the ratio of the ILI visits younger than 15 year-old, increased obviously. When the predominated stains became influenza A virus, the ratio of patient visits for ILI aged over 25 year-old increased. Of 63 outbreaks of influenza, 92% of them occurred at primary and middle schools and usually occurred in May (32%). The type of strains usually changed around June.

CONCLUSIONThe quality of national influenza surveillance system is reliable since it was matched between percentages of ILI visits and rates of influenza virus isolation. The different epidemiologic characteristics in north and south of China was noticed. Peak in spring was shown in southern area and which called for more analysis. The change of the types of strains in the outbreaks during April to June in the southern China could provide data for better understanding on the trend of epidemics in the next season.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance ; Seasons ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVETo study the synergistic effect of STI571, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase in combination with arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) on a multidrug-resistant leukemia cell line expressing bcr-abl.

METHODSThe cytotoxic effect of STI571 alone or in combination with different concentrations of As(2)O(3) on both bcr-abl and mdr1 positive leukemia cell line K562-n/VCR was detected by MTT method.

RESULTSThe cytotoxic effect of STI571 (1 micromol/L) combined with As(2)O(3) at concentrations 10(-5), 10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8) mol/L (IC(50) 0.155 micromol/L) on K562-n/VCR cells was significantly higher than that of As(2)O(3) alone (IC(50) 1.879 micromol/L). The synergistic interaction on K562-n/VCR cells increased the cytotoxic effect by 12.1-fold.

CONCLUSIONCombination of STI571 with As(2)O(3) has a synergistic inhibiting effect on leukemia cells expressing bcr-abl and mdr1.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Benzamides ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Drug Synergism ; Genes, MDR ; Genes, abl ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; K562 Cells ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; Vincristine ; pharmacology

To explore the possibility of leukemia cell line of both bcr-abl and mdr-1 positive were cross-resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 and its reversal way, the inhibitory effect of STI571 on K562-n/VCR cells was detected with MTT method and reverse effects of CsA, TAM, IFN-alpha and CsA cominated with IFN-alpha were observed. The results showed that K562-n/VCR cell line expressing bcr-abl and mdr1 positive was resistant to STI571, and could be reversed by 5.18, 1.82 and 1.67-fold respectively, when treated with CsA, TAM, and IFN-alpha. It could be reversed by 34.87-fold with combination of half-dose CsA and IFN-alpha. In conclusion, amplification of mdr1 gene may contribute to drug-resistance of bcr-abl positive leukemic cells against STI571. The reversal agents, CsA, TAM and IFN-alpha show obviously reverse effects on drug-resistance. The combination of half-dose of both CsA and IFN-alpha display stronger effect than the full dose of either.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzamides ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Genes, MDR ; Genes, abl ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of modified urinary nucleosides metabolic profiling on lung cancer diagnoses.

METHODSThe modified urinary nucleosides metabolic profiling from 42 normal adults and 80 patients with lung cancer were determined by a coupled-column high performance liquid chromatography system. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were used to class differentiation between the lung cancer patients and controls and to discover potential biomarkers.

RESULTThe PLS-DA model results showed that there was a clear differentiation between normal adults and lung cancers patients, with the value of prediction (Q2) equals to 0.744.

CONCLUSIONModified urinary nucleosides metabolic profiling method is useful for lung cancer diagnoses.

Adult ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Humans ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; urine ; Metabolome ; Models, Biological ; Nucleosides ; urine