Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Community-Acquired Infections ; microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Humans ; Lung ; microbiology ; pathology ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; microbiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; microbiology

Aim To explore the regulatory effect and mechanism of Regulators of G-protein Signaling 6 (RGS6) in Ang H-induced hypertrophy. Methods RGS6 expression was up-and down-regulated respectively by AdRGS6 and AdshRGSó lentivirus. Each group was treated with Ang II /PBS. Cell size and changes of hypertrophic markers(ANP and BNP) were evaluated. Then ROS levels and the total protein and phosphorylated protein of E R K 1 / 2, p38, JNK1/2 in each group were detected. When the altered signaling was clarified, a reversal experiment of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes was conducted to further verify the signaling pathway. The RGS6 up-regulated cardiomyocytes of hypertrophy treated with ROS inhibitor (DPI) were experimental group. Results (Î) After stimulated with Ang II for 48 h, the size of AdRGS6-infected cell increased compared with AdGFP infection group. In addition, the mRNA levels of ANP and BNP also i n - creased. After stimulated with Ang II , the ROS levels and p - J N K l / 2 proteins of AdRGS6-infected cells all increased compared with AdGFP infection group. (2) After stimulated with Ang II for 48 h, the size of A d - shRGS6-infected cell decreased compared with AdshRNA infection group and the mRNA levels of ANP and BNP also decreased. The ROS levels and p - J N K l / 2 proteins of AdshRGS6-infected cell all decreased compared with AdshRNA infection group. (3) In the reversal experiments, compared with AdRGS6 + Ang 1 1 / DMSO group, the size of AdRGS6 + Ang H / D P I cardiomyocytes significantly decreased, and the downstream signaling of p - J N K l / 2 was improved. Conclusions RGS6 may be a key factor to cardiac hypertrophy. RGS6 aggravates Ang II -induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activating R 0 S - K N K 1 / 2 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the proportion and function of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ regulatory T cells (CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr)in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods(1)Proportion measurement:the proportion of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells in peripheral blood was measured by double-label flow cytometric analysis.The samples were taken from 15 URSA women,15 normal non-pregnancy women and 13 normal pregnancy women.(2)Function measurement:CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr ceils and CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T ce]ls were extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes by the microbeads separation.The purity of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells and CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry.The growth inhibitory effect of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells on CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T cells was assessed in vitro.Results The proportion of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells was decreased significantly in URSA women(6.9?1.8)% than that in normal non-pregnancy women[(10.8?1.1)%] (P0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that decrease in proportion and function of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells may be associated with URSA.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative nursing effect of anterior pelvic floor with Prolift mesh. Methods 12 patients were treated with Prolift. Preoperative psychological care and preoperative observation were strengthened. Appropriate functional exercise for pelvic floor muscle was guided. Results The surgical results are satisfactory in 12 patients. No bladder injury, dysuria, vaginal bleeding or discharge flow,lower abdominal pain, hospital infection, and other complications are found in follow-up cases. Only one case with temporary urinary retention after catheter removed was recovered 7 days later. 12 patients with preoperative symptoms are recovered or significantly improved in short-term observation and effective rate is 100%. No recurrence cases were found in follow-up cases. Conclusions Anterior pelvic floor rebuilt with Prolift is an effective treatment for female patients with pelvic organ prolapse and characteristic with minimal trauma, safety,simplify, rapid recovery and good results. Perioperative nursing care and guidance for functional pelvic floor muscle exercise assurance successful surgery and improve life quality in patients.

BACKGROUND: Until now, there is no effective treatment for peripheral neuropathy caused by acrylamide. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new treatment methods. OBJECTIVE: To explore the protection role and its mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) against acrylamide-induced intoxication in the spinal cords of rats. METHODS: BMSCs were cultured by the whole bone marrow adherence method and identified by morphological observation and flow cytometry detection. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats, clean grade, were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 for each group): normal control group, acrylamide group and BMSCs transplantation group. The latter two groups received acrylamide by gavage, 50 mg/(kg?d), 5 days per week, for 2 weeks with an interval of 2 days. Then, in the BMSCs transplantation group, 3×106BMSCs were transplanted by the caudal vein, 5 days per week, for 3 consecutive weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was utilized to observe the morphological changes of the spinal cord. Tunel assay was used to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot assay was adopted to detect the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the acrylamide-exposed rats, the damage to the structure was found in the spinal cords by morphological observation, which was significantly alleviated after BMSCs transplantation. The disturbed expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were also significantly inversed after BMSCs transplantation (P < 0.05). These results suggest that BMSCs transplantation can inhibit cell apoptosis in the spinal cords of acrylamide-intoxicated rats, probably by up-regulating expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating expression of Bax.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between serum level of leptin and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphism and patients with breast cancer.

METHODSLEPR G1n223Arg polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 94 patients with breast cancer and 128 healthy controls. The level of leptin were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSIn univariate regression analyses, we found serum level of leptin and LEPR Gin223Arg genotype polymorphism were significantly higrer than those of the controls (P < 0.05-0.001, respectively). Through multivariable analyses, we found that increased risk estimates for breast cancer were among those with leptin level (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.13-2.07, P = 0.006), LEPR Gin223Arg genotype (OR = 4.87, 95%CI:1.30-18.22, P = 0.019), WHR (OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.34-10.11, P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONResults from this study suggested that LEPR Gln233Agr polymorphism, the elevated WHR and serum level of leptin might be correlated with increased risk of breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Leptin ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Leptin ; genetics ; Risk

OBJECTIVETo test whether in the absence of actin, actin-binding proteins such as caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin interact with the myosin of unphosphorylation, Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation (CDP), and Ca2+-independent phosphorylation (CIP) and stimulate myosin Mg2+-ATPase activities.

METHODSMg2+-ATPase activities were measured to evaluate the effects of caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin on the myosin in unphosphorylation, CDP by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and CIP by MLCK.

RESULTS(1) At different incubation-time, i.e., 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 minutes, the highest Mg2+-ATPase activity was observed when myosin was in the state of CDP, the medium was CIP of myosin, and the lowest was the unphosphorylated myosin. (2) In the absence of caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin, the Mg2+-ATPase activities from high to low were in the following order: CDP, CIP, and unphosphorylated myosin. However, in the presence of caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin, the order of relative value of Mg2+-ATPase activities from high to low was unphosphorylated, CIP, and CDP of myosin respectively compared to the corresponding controls.

CONCLUSIONSThe results propose that caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin are capable of stimulating Mg2+-ATPase activity of smooth muscle myosin in Ca2+-independent manner, since Ca2+ is not obligating for the stimulating effects of the three proteins. The common characteristic of the three proteins is that when myosin activities are low, their activations are relatively strong and this property might be involved in smooth muscle tension keeping.

Animals ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Calcium ; pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; pharmacology ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins ; pharmacology ; Chickens ; Microfilament Proteins ; Muscle, Smooth ; enzymology ; Myosins ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Tropomyosin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence and clinical features of mixed infections in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia.

METHODA total of 201 cases diagnosed as MP pneumonia were investigated for mixed infections by sputum bacterial culture, respiratory virus antigen detection and serum Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody test. For those with the indications for bronchoscopy, we also did bronchoalveolar lavage and lavage bacterial culture.

RESULTA high incidence (103/201, 51.2%) of mixed infections in children with MP pneumonia was revealed. The most frequent co-infected pathogen was Chlamydia pneumoniae (52, 25.9%), followed by viruses (29, 14.4%), and bacteria (22, 10.9%). Among viruses, respiratory syncytial virus was the most common (17, 8.5%), followed by adenovirus (6, 3.0%), parainfluenza virus type III (4, 2.0%) and influenza virus type B (2, 1.0%). Sputum bacterial culture was positive in 14/201 (7.0%) cases, Streptococcus pneumonia being most common (6, 3.0%). BALF culture yielded positive results in 11.6% (8/69), Streptococcus pneumonia was also common (5, 7.3%). Among 29 cases with MP and virus coinfection, 26 were younger than 3 years (89.7%), while for MP and Chlamydia pneumoniae coinfection, most of them were older than 3 years (40/52, 76.9%). Compared with non-mixed infections, those with mixed infections had longer fever duration (24.5% and 40.8% longer than 10 d), more frequently developed pleural effusion (11.2%, 23.3%) and large area of shadow in chest imaging (35.7%, 51.5%). White blood cell [(14.28 ± 4.99) × 10(9)/L], C-reactive protein (CRP) [69(32.5 - 99.5) mg/L] and neutrophil ratio in BALF [0.86 (0.63 - 0.91)] were much higher in children with mixed bacterial infections than that in non-mixed infections [(9.06 ± 3.47) × 10(9)/L, 3 (0 - 31.0) mg/L, 0.44 (0.03 - 0.88)]. But no significant difference was found in peripheral blood neutrophil proportion between mixed bacterial infections (0.38 ± 0.25) and non-mixed infections (0.51 ± 0.19).

CONCLUSIONMore than half of cases with MP pneumonia had mixed infections, most commonly caused by Chlamydia pneumonia followed by viruses. The incidence of mixed infections with bacteria was low. Mixed infections with virus were more common in young children, while mixed infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae was more common in older ones. Bacterial infections should be paid more attention, especially those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, for those with high peripheral white blood cell counts, high CRP levels and high proportion of neutrophils in BALF.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae ; isolation & purification ; Coinfection ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Inpatients ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; isolation & purification ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; virology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of processing adjuvants-different types of processing vinegar on effective constituents in rhizoma of Corydalis yanhusuo, and evaluate the quality of different types of vinegar in China.

METHODThe HPLC method was adopted to determine the extraction solubility of dl-tetrahydropalmation and total alkaloids in rhizoma of Corydalis yanhusuo processed by vinegar. The sample extracts were separated on kromasil ODS column with mobile phase of methanol-1% phosphoric acid solution(65:35) and detection wavelength was 280 nm.

RESULTThere was a remarkable increase in extraction solubility of dl-tetrahydropalmation and total alkaloids in the rhizoma of Corydalis yanhusuo processed by the vinegar products with high content of total acids or with known trademarks.

CONCLUSIONSome types of vinegar with known trademarks had been preliminarily selected for the process of Chinese traditional medicine and they also met the requitrement of processing adjuvants with medicine grade. The results will be benefited to the foundation of standardization of vinegar.

Acetic Acid ; classification ; Alkaloids ; analysis ; Berberine Alkaloids ; analysis ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

BACKGROUNDIt has been reported that osteopontin has an important role in cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. However, its direct mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of angiotensin and aldosterone blockades in cardiac osteopontin expression associated with cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarcted (MI) rats.

METHODSFifty SD rats that survived 24 hours after ligating left anterior descending coronary artery were randomly divided into three groups: MI-saline group (n = 15, 5 ml/d), MI-perindopril group (n = 18, perindopril 2 mgxkg(-1)d(-1)) and MI-spironolacton (n = 17, spironolacton 20 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1)). A sham operation group (n = 15) was selected as non-infarcted control. At 6 weeks after treatment, hemodynamic pararmeters and left ventricular function were measured with catheterization, interstitial fibrosis infiltration and cardiomyocyte diameters were evaluated histologically. Myocardium osteopontin protein expression level in the non-infarcted myocardium was detected by Western blotting.

RESULTSNo osteopontin protein was detected in the myocardium of sham-operation rats. High levels of osteopontin protein expression were detected in the MI-saline rats, but the levels were suppressed in the MI-perindopril and MI-spironolacton rats at 6 weeks following MI (P < 0.01, respectively). Compared with the sham operation group, all rats in the MI group showed marked interstitial fibrosis infiltration in the non-infarction area, higher ventricular weight/body weight ratio, significantly increased cardiomyocyte diameter (P < 0.01, respectively), and developed significant systolic and diastolic dysfunction as indicated by decreased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and +/-dp/dt, as well as increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (P < 0.01, respectively). Angiotensin and aldosterone blockades partly prevented cardiac fibrosis and systolic and diastolic dysfunction (P < 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONTreatment with angiotensin and aldosterone blockades inhibits expression of osteopontin in the non-infarcted myocardium and prevents cardiac remodeling following MI.

Angiotensins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Fibrosis ; Hemodynamics ; Male ; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Myocardium ; chemistry ; pathology ; Osteopontin ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley