Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is an interventional treatment for retinoblastoma (RB) which infuses the chemotherapeutic agents through ophthalmic artery using microcatheters to control the tumor.Compared with systemic chemotherapy,IAC could significantly increase the globe salvage of advanced and recurrent RB without serious adverse event.Due to the absence of systemic absorption after IAC,no longer effectively kill tumor cell,which have potential danger to leads to inadequate elimination extraocular tumor cells.The most common systemic complications following IAC is myelosuppression;local ocular toxicities include eyelid edema,delacrimation,blepharoptosis,vitreous hemorrhage,retinal artery obstruction.During the last 10 years of clinical application,IAC become one of first-line treatment for intraocular RB.However,at present,there is still a lack of randomized controlled multicenter studies and long-term follow up of IAC.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impurities of rifalazil. METHODS: HPLC method was used for related substances, TLC was used to detect the side chain isobutyl piperazine residues, TLC was prepared and column chromatography was used to separate impurities; HPLC was combined with TLC and UV, MS, NMR and other analytical tools was used to speculate the impurity. RESULTS: Impurity 1M-1 was to be 2-amino-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy) phenol, impurity IM-2 was to be 25-deacetyl-27-demethoxy rifalazil, impurity IM-3 was to be 25-deacetyl-rifalazil, IM-4 was to be rifalazil byproduct of 29 carbon and 15 carbon fracture. CONCLUSION: The analysis of impurities in rifalazil products has important significance for the improvement of the production process of rifalazil.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the structures of the impurities of cefatrizine propylene glycolate.

BACKGROUND:How does the peripheral nerve block work to inhibit the functions? What effects does it do to the spinal cord and the cerebral center? How does it regulate the peripheral nerve and how does it change anatomy of brain center? Al above are stil unknown.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of peripheral nerve block on the biology of spinal cord nerve cel s.
METHODS: Sixty New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into three groups: ischiadic nerve block group, subarachnoid block group and extradural nerve block group. Each group had 20 rabbits which were sub-divided into experimental group and control group with 10 rabbits in each subgroup. The rabbits in the three experimental groups were injected with lidocaine, bupivacaine and lidocaine at the middle point between femoral head and ischiadic tuberosity in ischiadic nerve block group, subarachnoid block group and extradural nerve block group, respectively. The rabbits in each control group were injected with normal saline at the same position.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After ischiadic nerve block, extradural nerve block or subarachnoid block for 30 minutes, the Nigeria’s bodies of the little round cel s in the poliomyelia posterior horn laminaeⅢandⅣand the polyhedral cel s in the anterior horn laminaeⅨwere less than those in the control groups. Nuclei leaned towards one side. c-Fos protein expression was decreased or showed no expression, suggesting that the cord nerve cel function of corresponding spinal segments was inhibited. The spinal pia mater of spinal cord had a hierarchical or fracture phenomenon after subarachnoid block.

Objective　To investigate the effect of mifepristone on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）in decidua of early pregnancy. Methods　Thirty artificial abortion women as control and thirty drug abortion women were enrolled for study. The expressions of TNF-α and TGF-β in decidua were measured with immunohistochemical method. Results　There was no significant difference of TNF-α positive expression rates between drug abortion group (73.33%) and artificial abortion group (70.00%，P>0.05). TGF-β expression rate of drug abortion group was similar to that of artificial abortion group. The highly-positive (+　+ and +　+　+) TNF-α expression rate in drug abortion group was significantly higher than that in artificial abortion group (P<0.05). TGF-β expression degree in decidua of drug abortion group was significantly lower than that of artificial abortion group (P<0.05). The ratio of TNF-α/TGF-β in drug abortion group is higher than that in artificial abortion group. Conclusion　TGF-β has great effect on regulating the embryo development of early pregnancy. The change of TNF-α may be the reason of abortion. Mifepristone may interfere with embryo growth by inhibiting the activity of TGF-β or by stimulating the secretion of TNF-α.

0 05). TGF ? expression rate of drug abortion group was similar to that of artificial abortion group. The highly positive (++ and +++) TNF ? expression rate in drug abortion group was significantly higher than that in artificial abortion group ( P

New oral fluoropyrimidines,such as capecitabine and S-1,have been widely used for elderly patients with a certain efficiency and slight toxicity.Fluorouracil combined with platinum program probably enhances the effectiveness,but also increases the incidence of adverse reactions.There are a few clinical reports about triple-drug combination for elderly patients,but the toxicity is obvious and the efficacy is not certain.

Objective To investigate epidemiological pattern of dementia and major subtypes,we conducted a prevalence survey in Beijing,China. Methods A door to door three phase procedure was used to ascertain dementia A Chinese version of Mini Mental State Examination (CMMSE) was administered to all participates in 1997 Then,those who failed the screening tests and those of the normal,but having a suspected history of cognitive impairment were interviewed by neurologists or psychiatrists for a diagnostic assessment of dementia,Alzheimer′s dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) using the DSM IV,NINCDS ADRDA,and NINCDS AIREN criteria Validity of the diagnostic approach was confirmed by a follow up study in 1998 Participants a total of 5 913 residents aged 55 years and over from 12 urban and 17 rural communities was drawn through a stratified multiple stage cluster sampling 5 743 (96 1%) were interviewed. Results A total of 262 cases of mild to severe dementia were identified The crude and age standardized prevalence in individuals aged 55 years and over were 4 6% and 4 2% for dementia (all causes),2 2% and 2 0% for AD,and 1 6% and 1 5% for VaD,respectively The prevalence of AD increased doubling every 5 years with age,but the prevalence of VaD increased low and slow The age standardized prevalence of AD was 1 7% in men lower than 2 1% in women,but the prevalence of VaD was 1 7% in men higher than 1 3% in women for individuals aged 55 years and over The difference in age standardized prevalence of AD between urban and rural communities was not significant that was 1 8% versus 2 2% in individuals aged 55 years and over; but the corresponding figures of VaD in rural (2 2%) was significantly higher than that in urban (1 0%) Either for AD or for VaD,there were no significant relationships between age standardized prevalence rates and educational levels Conclusion Our overall prevalence of dementia and its subtypes is considerably higher than previously reported estimates from China and similar to those reported in whites The epidemiological and clinical patterns for AD differed from VaD,but it was similar to those reported in whites It suggests that there are no substantial differences across cultures for AD

Objective:To explore the relationship of perfection of middle school students and parental rearing behavior.Methods:392 middle school students were investigated by FM PS and CFMPS.Results:①There was a significant difference in OR between different gender(t=-3.039,P

In recent years,China's science research has entered the high-speed development period,which leads to the increase of the investment of science research funds.At the same time,the safety and effectiveness of the science research management and the funds has caused public concern.So the science management of research work including the use of science research funds is of great significance.This paper will analyze the risk of key positions in science research management and put forward corresponding countermeasures,combining the writer's practical experience in hospital.