Objective To explore the effect of early comprehensive rehabilitation therapy on dysphagia after stroke. Methods A total of 120 stroke patients with dysphagia were collected from December 2006 to May 2009 and divided into 3 trial groups and a control group randomly.No treatment was given to patients in the control group.Patients in trial group 1(T1)were given rehabilitation training,while patients in trial groups 2(T2)and 3(T3)were treated with VitalStim and electrical acupuncture,respectively,in addition to the rehabilitation training.A standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) and the swallowing quality of life(SWAL-QOL) scale were used to evalu-ate all the patients before and after 4 weeks of treatment. ResuIts No statistically significant difference was re-vealed before the treatment among the groups in terms of the patients'sex,age,course of disease,SSA or SWAL-QOL results.Statistically significant improvement was observed after treatment in the 3 trial group,but not in the control group with regard to the SSA and SWAL-QOL scores compared with those before treatment.The trial groups all had higher scores than the control group after treatment.while T2 and T3 had higher scores than T1 after treatment.There was no statistically significant difference between groups T2 and T3.Conclusions Early compre-hensive rehabilitation therapy can improve swallowing and the quality of life of stroke patients with dysphagia.Reha-bilitation combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation provides effects similar to that of training combined with electrical accupuneture,and is more effective than simple training in treating dysphagia.

Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the completion and final effect of key parasitic disease prevention and control planning tasks in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2019, summarize the experience, find out the problems, and provide the basis for the next stage of prevention and control. Methods　According to the requirements of the Final Evaluation Plan of the National Plan for the Prevention and Control of Hydatid Disease and Other Major Parasitic Diseases (2016-2020), a retrospective survey method was adopted to collect relevant data on the implementation and safeguard measures of the prevention and control of major parasitic diseases, and population infection status in Hubei Province in 2016-2019. Results From 2016 to 2019, We carried out 2 920 992 person times of publicity and education, 209 times of prevention and control technology training, 7 680 person times of business training, with an average of 52 sessions and 1 920 person times per year. We have allocated 3.445 2 million yuan for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, including 1.722 2 million Yuan froom provincial government, to achieved full coverage of safe drinking water in rural areas under the current national standards, and 7.687 9 million harmless toilets have been built in rural areas. From 2016 to 2019, we carried out 39 658 person times of monitoring and disease investigation, the infection rate of human liver fluke was 0, and the infection rate of soil transmitted nematode was 0.42%. While the annual infection rates varied, there was no statistically significant difference in infection rate between years (χ2＝2.276, P>0.05), but there were statistically significant differences in the infection rates between various soil nematodes (χ2=112.807, P<0.01). From 2016 to 2019, a total of 5 393 people were detected at 17 monitoring points, with the serum positive rate of 3.93% for paragonimiasis, there was a statistically significant difference in serological positive rate between years (χ2=146.011, P<0.01); a total of 738 stream crabs were collected, and the infection rate of intermediate host was 16.26%, wtih a statistically significant difference in the infection rate of stream crabs between years (χ2=49.731, P<0.01). Conclusions　From 2016 to 2019, we adhered to the prevention and control strategy of "prevention first, prevention and control combined", implemented comprehensively various prevention and control measures, and achieved remarkable results in Hubei Province. The key parasitic diseases have been in a low epidemic situation, meeting the requirements of the prevention and control objectives. But the transmission risk still exists, the next step is to continue to strengthen security and monitoring and consolidate the achievements of prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the plasma level change of myeloperoxidase(MPO)in patients suffering from stable angina pectoris.Methods Five hundred and seventy three patients underwent elective coronary angiography in a bi-racial cohort study,which included 295 patients with stable angina peetoris(SAP)and 278 subjects served as control.Plasma level of MPO and traditional risk factors of coronary artery disease(CAD)were measured.Results MPO levels did not differ significantly between control group and SAP group[126.3(95.8-160.2)mg/L vs 123.6(97.4-150.0) mg/L P＞0.05].MPO levels were similar across ethnicity and gender[black male 119.6(94.8-146.9) mg/L,white male 124.6(99.9～154.6)mg/L,black female 124.0(93.3～152.3)mg/L and white female 127.5(95.3～159.8)mg/L],and were correlated positively with the levels ofⅦfactor(r= 0.251,P＜0.01),fasting plasma glucose(r=0.095,P＜0.05),triglyceride(r=0.186,P＜0.01), total cholesterol(r=0.081,P＜0.05),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(r=0.123,P＜0.01) and fibrinogen levels(r=0.077,P＜0.01),negatively correlated with adiponectin level(r=-0.115, P＜0.01).Conclusions Plasma MPO level is not elevated in patients with SAP.This suggests that MPO is not a characteristic feature of SAP.There are also no significant relationships between different genders and between different ethnicities.

OBJECTIVEAnalyzing the relationships between peripheral blood CD4+ CD25hi regulatory T (Treg) cells and peripheral blood immune status or plasma HIV-lviral load in HIV-infected individuals,so as to determine whether Treg were related to the progression of HIV-infected disease.

METHODS116 HIV-infected patients in different stages and 21 healthy control individuals were included in this study. The CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts were determined by a standard 4-color flow cytometry technique. The Treg cells were examined with 3-color immune staining flow cytometry. The plasma HIV-1 viral load was detected by real time PCR.

RESULTSThe frequencies of Treg cells decreased in HIV-infected individuals with high CD4+ T cell counts( > 300/microl) compared with normal controls. With the progression of disease the frequencies of Treg cells were raised gradually, until were increased in HIV-infected individuals with low levels of CD4+ T cell counts ( < 100/microl). In addition, the frequencies of Treg cells were inversely related to CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+ /CD8+ ratio, data showed a statistically significant (respectively, r = -0.564, P < 0.001; r = -0.377, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the proportions of Treg cells were closely related to plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (r = 0.514, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONCD4 CD25hi Treg cells should be a kind of important cells participating the immunopathogenesis of AIDS. It may play different roles in different stages of HIV-infected disease. The exact mechanism of Treg cells in the progression of the HIV-infected disease needs to be investigate further.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Progression ; Female ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo clarify three-grade criteria of curative resection for primary liver cancer (PLC) and evaluate their clinical significance.

METHODSCriteria of curative resection of PLC were summed up to three grades. Grade I: complete removal of all gross tumors with no residual tumor at the excision margin. Grade II: on the basis of Grade I, there was no extrahepatic metastasis, no hilar lymph node metastasis, no tumor thrombus in the main trunks and their primary tributaries of the portal vein, common hepatic duct, hepatic vein and vena cava inferior, and the tumor was not more than two in number. Grade III: in addition to the above criteria, AFP dropped to normal level (in patients with elevated AFP before surgery) within 2 months after operation, and no residual tumor upon diagnostic imaging. A total of 354 cases with PLC who had their liver resected was reviewed. Patients in each grade were divided into two portions depending on whether the treatment was curative or palliative.

RESULTSThe survival of patients receiving curative treatment was better than those receiving palliative treatment (P < 0.01). This was true for patients whose treatment belonged to anyone of the three-grade criteria. The survival was improved along with the promotion of curative criteria used. The 5-year survival rate of Grade I, II and III patients undergone curative resection was 43.2%, 51.2% and 64.4%, respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION1. The three-grade criteria may be used for judging the radicality of tumor resection for PLC. 2. The more stringent the criteria used, the better the survival would be. 3. Adopting high-grade criteria to select cases, to guide operation and postoperative follow-up would improve the results of liver resection for PLC.

Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide on multiple myeloma (MM) cell gene expression and explore the molecular mechanism of arsenic trioxide therapy for MM.

METHODSU266 cells were divided into two groups, group A as control group and group B as test group. Cells were cultured for 48 hours, and total RNA and mRNA were extracted. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSHs) was performed to distinguish the differentially expressed genes. The products were cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector, and transfected into the competent host JM109 to construct two subtractive libraries. Positive colonies were selected by blue-white screening, and the plasmids were extracted. Homologous comparison was conducted in GenBank.

RESULTSFive downregulated clones were isolated in the first SSH: (1) Aminopeptidase N, (2) Homosapiens tumor translationally-controlled protein 1, (3) Human ATP synthetase A chain, (4) Signal recognition particle A10, (5) Mitochondrial ATP synthetase/ATPase subunit 6. Four upregulated clones were isolated in the second SSH: (1) Calcium-binding protein A10, (2) Keratin 6A, (3) 45 kD MIP repetitive element containing splicing factor and (4) poly(A)-binding protein.

CONCLUSIONSArsenic trioxide exerts proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction on MM cells by regulating genes expression.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; pathology ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Transformation, Bacterial

OBJECTIVETo examine the analgesic effect of calpain inhibitor ALLN on the zymosan-induced paw inflammatory pain and its effect on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the spinal dorsal horn.

METHODSForty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into three groups: control group, sham-operated group, and zymosan group. According to Meller's method, zymosan (1.25 mg) was injected intraplantarly to induce paw inflammation in zymosan group; an equal volume of PBS was administered in the sham-operated group. Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and maximum thickness of paw were tested or measured before and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after injection. All rats were killed at different occasions following surgery to examine calpain activity in the spinal dorsal horn with Western blot analysis. Another sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated group, zymosan-induced paw inflammation with intraperitoneal dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) treatment group, and zymosan-induced paw inflammation with intraperitoneal calpain inhibitor ALLN treatment group. MWT and maximum thickness of paw were tested or measured before and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after injection. All rats were killed at different occasions following surgery to examine the COX-2 expression in the spinal dorsal horn with Western blot analysis.

RESULTSMWT significantly decreased in the rats with zymosan-induced paw inflammation, while the maximum thickness of paw significantly increased, compared with control and sham-operated rats (P < 0.05). Calpain in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn was dramatically activated after zymosan injection (P < 0.01). Intraperitoneal ALLN injection significantly increased zymosan-induced MWT and decreased paw edema at the same time points after zymosan injection compared with DMSO treatment group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, calpain inhibitor ALLN treatment significantly decreased the COX-2 expression in the spinal dorsal horn compared with DMSO treatment (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdministration of calpain inhibitor ALLN is effective to attenuate zymosan-induced paw inflammatory pain. Calpain activation may be one aspect of the signaling cascade that increases the COX-2 expression in the spinal cord and contributes to mechanical hyperalgesia after peripheral inflammatory injury.

Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glycoproteins ; pharmacology ; Male ; Pain ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Posterior Horn Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Zymosan ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the perioperation medication on the first patient who was operated facial allotransplantation, including immunosuppressive drug and adjunctive drug, so that to search a effective medication schedule to the patient operated facial allotransplantation.

METHODSFK506, MMF, Prednisone and Zenapax was performed as immunosuppressive regiment in perioperative treatment; meanwhile, anti-infectives was administered to take precautions against all sorts of infections, such as bacterium, virus and fungus. Furthermore, all kinds of adjunctive drug, Losec, glucurolactone and so on, was administered to protect those function of stomach, liver, kidney and so on. Clinical observations were made on the signs and symptoms of graft survival or rejection, as well as immunological indexes were tested in laboratory. Biopsies of graft were also made at 30 d after operation. Side effect and complication of drug was monitored, in case the body suffered harm.

RESULTSFacial allograft was survived, and the temperature and color of skin were normal. Swelling of tissue was gradually subsidise after 4 days, and recovered in a half month. The count and ratio between Th and Ts were normal, skin Biopsies of every time had no found of hyperacute or acute rejection, and side effect and complication of drug had no monitored.

CONCLUSIONSThe regiment of perioperation medication was successfully performed.

Adult ; Face ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Tissue Transplantation ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in fibroblasts (Fbs) of scar induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and its effect on cell proliferation.

METHODSThe human hypertrophic scar Fbs of seven patients were isolated and cultured in vitro. Cells from the 5th to the 6th passages were used in the experiment. Six bottles of Fbs were obtained from each of the seven patients, and they were respectively cultured with DMEM nutrient solution containing CoCl2 in the concentration of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µmol/L for 24 h. The expression of ILK mRNA was determined with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Fbs were stimulated by CoCl2 in the most suitable concentration (100 µmol/L) and the protein expression of ILK was determined 0, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after the stimulation. Then the Fbs were divided into control group (cultured with nutrient solution), negative control group (transfected with con-siRNA), and ILK siRNA group (transfected with ILK siRNA). They were cultured with nutrient solution containing CoCl2 in different concentrations 24 h after transfection, with 4 wells for each concentration in each group. The cell proliferation was detected by XTT assay. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ANOVA for repeated measurement, and LSD method was used in multiple comparisons.

RESULTSThe expression level of ILK mRNA was highest in Fbs cultured with 100 µmol/L CoCl2 for 24 h, with significant difference compared with those of Fbs cultured with other concentrations of CoCl2 (F = 50.958, P < 0.001). The expression of ILK protein in Fbs cultured with 100 µmol/L CoCl2 for 1 h (0.243 ± 0.009) was lower than that cultured for 0 h (0.387 ± 0.017), and it started to increase from 2 h (0.361 ± 0.010), and exaggerated at 4 h (0.584 ± 0.028), 12 h (0.730 ± 0.029), and 24 h (0.785 ± 0.031). The expression levels of ILK protein at 1, 4, 12, 24 h were statistically different from that at 0 h (P values all below 0.05). XTT showed that cell proliferation level was highest in control group when cultured with 100 µmol/L CoCl2 (F = 488.026, P < 0.001), which decreased from 150 µmol/L. The cell proliferation level in control group cultured with 250 µmol/L CoCl2 was significantly lower than that with 0 µmol/L (P values all below 0.05). There was no significant change in cell proliferation in ILK siRNA group among different concentrations of CoCl2 (F = 2.542, P = 0.056). The cell proliferation level in ILK siRNA group was significantly lower than that in control group and negative control group (F = 2519.542, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSILK may be a key protein in response of hypoxia in Fbs. The mild hypoxia can stimulate the expression of ILK and promote the proliferation of Fbs, while severe hypoxia can reduce the expression of ILK and inhibit cell proliferation.

Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cobalt ; pharmacology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODAll clinical studies of Shenmai for AMI were searched from Cochrane library, Medline, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. For efficacy analysis of Shenmai, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs were included and the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.1 was used for data analysis.

RESULT1) Fifty studies were included for efficacy analysis, in which, only 1 study was true RCT, all of studies did not mention allocation concealment, blind and information of loss to follow-up. The fatality rate during hospitalization (OR 0.43, 95% CI [0.31-0.60]), incidence of heart failure (OR 0.49, 95% CI [0.34-0.70]), incidence of shock (OR 0.53, 95% CI[0.30-0.93]) and incidence of re-infarction (OR 0.16, 95% CI [0.03-0.77]) in Shenmai injection plus conventional treatment group was lower than that in the conventional treatment group, while the rate of recanalization (OR 1.24, 95% CI [0.90-1.71]) was similar between the two groups. 2) For safety analysis, we did not found serious adverse drug reaction/adverse events (ADR/AE) of Shenmai injection for AMI.

CONCLUSIONThe currently available evidence showed that Shenmai injection plus conventional treatment group may decrease the fatality rate during hospitalization, the incidence of cardiac failure, shock and re-infarction. However, these findings should be carefully interpreted due to the low methodological quality and small sample size of trials. Although serious ADR/AE was did not report of Shenmai injection, the post-marketing safety evaluation is need to be performed.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult