Long-term endurance training or physical activity has been confirmed not only to improve physical performance, but to bring about an obvious beneficial effect on human health; however, the mechanism of this effect is not clear. The most studied health adaptations in skeletal muscle response to endurance exercise are increased muscle glycogen level and insulin sensitivity, fiber type transformation toward oxidative myofibers, and increased mitochondrial content/function. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles in eukaryotic cells critical in physical performance and disease occurrence. The mitochondrial life cycle spans biogenesis, maintenance, and clearance. Exercise training may promote each of these processes and confer positive impacts on skeletal muscle contractile and metabolic functions. This review focused on the regulation of these processes by endurance exercise and discussed its potential benefits in health and disease. We presented evidence suggesting that exercise training potentiates not only the biogenesis of mitochondria but also the removal of old and unhealthy mitochondria through mitochondrial quality control.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Exercise ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology

Objective To discusse the influence of permeating perfluoropentane drops-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanocapsules (MSNC-PFP) on HIFU surface ablation in vitro bovine liver.Methods Fifity bovine liver tissues were divided into 5 groups:Control group,0.25 mg/ml group,0.50 mg/ml group,1.00 mg/ml group,2.00 mg/ml group according to the concentration of MSNC-PFP.The synergistic agent was injected along the ablation line path under the guiding of ultrasound.The surface ablation model was structured by 6 coagulation necrosis side by using HIFU linear scanning,inner region without melting,and the ultrasonographic changes were observed in the melt area.The coagulation necrosis range was assessed by TTC staining,and necrosis degree was observed by HE staining.The coagulation necrosis volume was measured,the coverage index (CI),external volume index (EI),energy efficiency factor (EEF) were used to evaluate the ablation effect in each group.Results The MSNC-PFP more than 1.00 mg/ml was shown as strong echo in ultrasonic image,fade after 3-5 min.The grey value was changed in HIFU ablation area related to the concentration of MSNC-PFP.The total ablation volume of 0.50 mg/ml group,1.00 mg/ml group,2.00 mg/ml group were more than control group,the EEF was lower than that of the control group (all P＜0.01).The CI and EI of 1.00 mg/ml group and 2.00 mg/ml group were higher than those of the other group (all P＜0.01).The coagulation necrosis became complete when the concentration of MSNC-PFP above 0.50 mg/ml.Conclusion MSNC-PFP can increase the volume of coagulation necrosis,decrease the EEF and increase the efficiency of HIFU surface ablation of bovine liver in vitro.

In recent years, translational medicine has become more and more widely used in the field of tumor. This article summarized the research progress in the field of translational medical tumors in the last few months, focusing on the summary analysis of breakthrough research results on tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, pathogenesis and metastasis, in order to provide novel and cutting-edge research trends in the field of tumor for oncology researchers and clinicians, and promote the transformation of basic research results into clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Moricizine ; therapeutic use ; Tachycardia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the anti-inflammatory effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus on LPS-induced RAW264. 7 macrophages.

METHODThe effect of total saponins of P. japonicus of different concentrations on RAW264. 7 cell viability was determined with the MTT method. The NO kit assay was adopted to detect the NO release of total saponins of P. japonicus to LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta). The reverse transeriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ,TNF-alpha,IL-1beta. The protein expression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB p65 (NF-kappaB p65) was tested by Western blot.

RESULTThe safe medication range of total saponins of P. japonicus was less than 80 mg x L(-1). Compared with the LPS model group, total saponins of P. japonicus high, middle and low dose groups (0.1, 1, 10, 40 mg x L(-1)) could significantly reduce the secretion of NO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta of LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells, and inhibit the expressions of iNOS, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA and the protein expression of NF-kappaB p65.

CONCLUSIONThis study preliminarily proves the protective effect of total saponins of P. japonicus on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Its action mechanism may be related to NF-kappaB signal pathway.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; immunology ; Nitric Oxide ; immunology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; immunology ; Panax ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Limit test of flavones in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials by UV-Vis and HPLC-DAD method was studied in this essay. The HPLC-DAD method has lower LOD (about 1% of the UV-Vis), that is, the sensitivity is higher than UV-Vis method. Through the analysis of the kinds of flavonoids ingredients in the samples by LC-MS, the three compounds with highest contents are kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. Kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin were chosen as reference compounds for HPLC analysis, and the HPLC separation analysis was carried on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) with methanol and water containing 0.4% phosphoric acid (50: 50) as mobile phase, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 360 nm. This method has good specificity, precision and reproducibility. The LODs of quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin were 27.6, 22.3, 29.5 μg x L(-1). The average recovery was 87.9% (RSD 3.3%), 91.7% (RSD 3.1%), 88.3 (RSD 1.3%) for quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin, respectively. Based on the 10 batches of sample results and sensitivity of different HPLC, the content of total flavonoids ingredients of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials was limited no more than 2 x 10(-5). This method is simple, quick and has good maneuverability, and could be used to the limit test of flavonoids in the diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flavones ; analysis ; Ginkgolides ; analysis ; Limit of Detection ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods

ObjectiveTo explore the difference in quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer between those who knew cancer diagnosis and those who did not.Methods 130 patients with recently diagnosed gastrointestinal cancer in 4 general hospitals in Tangshan were interviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups:one group was those who knew their diagnosis(n=62) and the other group was those who did not ( n =68).The Chinese version of European Organization for Research and Treatment (EORTC) quality of life (QOL)questionnaire (QLQ-C30) was used.ResultsThe comparison of quality of life between patients who knew their diagnosis and those who did not indicated that the score of global quality of life and other functional scales including physical,emotional,role and cognitive functioning did not show significant difference(P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with those who did not know cancer diagnosis,patients who were aware of diagnosis showed a significant lower degree of social functioning ( (45.8 ± 24.2 ) vs ( 73.0 ± 16.2 ) ),a significant higher degree of fatigue ( ( 55.8 ±26.2) vs (41.8 ±10.2) ) and financial difficulties ((38.2 ±35.1) vs (12.00 ±10.0) ) (P＜0.01).In multiple regression analysis,physical functioning and symptom of fatigue had statistically significant differences (P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe knowledge of cancer diagnosis does not contribute to the quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Objective To summarize the etiology and clinical features of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) in the recent l0 years in China.Methods Pubmed,Medline,EMbase,CNKI,Wan fang and VIP database were searched for relevant articles published from January 2001 to December 2016 using Pancreatitis,Recurrence and Etiology as term index words.Meta analysis was conducted by RevManS.3 software.Results A total of 16 studies involving 3 980 patients (RAP n =1 231,AP n =2 749) were included.The age and sex were not correlated with AP recurrence.Biliary diseases,alcohol,inappropriate diets were associated with AP recurrence,but these were not the factors influencing RAP.Hyperlipidemia was responsible for the occurrence of pancreatitis in 17.00％ of RAP and 10.20％ of AP,with statistically significant difference (P =0.002).Hyperlipidemia was an important risk factor influencing AP relapse.The percentage of SAP in AP and RAP patients was 16.83％ and 24.13％,respectively,and the complication rate was 11.43％ and 15.13％,and the percentage of jaundice was 28.20％ and 32.53％.Those in RAP were higher than those in AP,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hyperlipidemia was the predominant risk factor for RAP in China,and the patients with RAP tend to progress into SAP,and have jaundice and complications.

Objective To evaluate DWI in the assessment of viability of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) by comparing DWI with PET-CT results. Methods 18-fluorodeoxy glucose(18F-FDG) PET-CT and DWI(b values=0, 800 s/mm2) were retrospectively analyzed in 8 patients with clinically verified HAE. The metabolic activity of HAE lesions in both techniques were determined by two independent radiologists respectively. Kappa test was assessed between the results of two observers. Results Sixteen lesions (composed of 14 HAE and 2 cystic echinococcosis, CE) were detected. (1)Eight lesions (≥2 cm) showed perilesional hyper-signal intensity on DWI, mainly around the lesion bounding by normal liver parenchyma. One patient (≥2 cm) had oral drug therapy for three years, and the lesion showed discontinuous perilesional hyper-signal intensity on DWI after the therapy. Five lesions (<2 cm) were depicted as nodular high signal on DWI.(2)Eight lesions (≥2 cm) showed perilesional increased FDG uptake on PET-CT, while 5 lesions (<2 cm) displayed as“hot pot”. One patient (leison≥2 cm) who had oral drug therapy for three years showed hepatic defect without any FDG uptake in post-treatment PET-CT. Two CE lesions showed negative results on both DWI and PET-CT. The Kappa value of 0.880 indicated a good coincidence between DWI and PET-CT in depicting the metabolic activity of HAE (P=0.006). Conclusions This preliminary study showed the value of DWI in assessing HAE viability. DWI should be routinely used as one of the techniques in the evaluation of HAE.

Objective To construct a recombinant expression vector for expression of the function-al domains of dengue virus serotype 1 ( DENV1 ) envelope ( E ) protein in native soluble form. Methods The genes encoding the functional domains of DENV1-E protein (1-394 aa) were amplified with PCR and then cloned into the Psectag2B-Fc eukaryotic expression vector.The 293T cells were transfected with the recombinant vector by cationic lipid-based delivery.The cell clones expressing the fusion DENV1-E-Fc protein were screened out with 2 mg/ml of Zeocin.Immunofluorescence assay ( IFA) was performed to analyze the antigenicity and integrity of the fusion protein.The fusion proteins were purified from cell lysate with Protein-G and further identified by Western blot assay.Results The soluble form of fusion protein with a molecular weight of about 90×103 was obtained at a yield of about 25 μg per 1×107 cells.The results of IFA indicated that the fusion protein kept its integrity with right conformational epitopes.The fusion protein was successfully expressed with the advantage of good specificity as indicated by IFA and Western blot assay. Conclusion The recombinant fusion protein in soluble form was successfully expressed in eukaryotic ex-pression system, which paved the way for further investigation on the function of DENV1 E protein and its protective epitopes.