OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the bioequivalence of the domestic pidotimod granules with the imported pidotimod syrup as control.METHODS:20 healthy male volunteers were treated with a single dose(800 mg)of pidotimod granules(test formulation)or pidotimod syrup(reference formulation)by a randomized crossover design,with plasma concentrations of pidotimod determined by HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters of pidotimod computed,and the bioequivalence between two formulations was evaluated using DAS2.0 program.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of the reference formation vs.the test formulation of pidotimod were expressed as follows:t1/2(2.70?0.80)h vs.(2.62?0.84)h;Cmax(4.04?0.59)?g?mL-1 vs.(3.87 ?0.66)?g?mL-1;tmax(2.28?0.44)h vs.(2.13 ?0.43)h;AUC0～14(22.11?4.20)mg?h?L-1 vs.(23.00?4.25)mg?h?L-1;AUC0～∞(22.85?4.42)mg?h?L-1 vs.(23.83?4.52)mg?h?L-1.The relative bioequivalence of the test formulation as against the control was(106.08?22.05)%.CONCLUSION:The pidotimod granules and pidotimod syrup are bioequivalent.

Objective:To investigate research topics and management methods for hospital pharmacy in order to promote the devel -opment of hospital pharmacy researches .Methods:The basic principles , main research fields , strategies and approaches of topic se-lection in hospital pharmacy , as well as the main points of research management were discussed .Results:The main research fields of hospital pharmacy included experimental studies and soft science researches .The principles of selected topics should follow practicabil-ity, scientificity, innovation, feasibility and effectiveness , and the topics should set off from the thinking path of pharmacy , be for the purpose of translational medicine and be based on the practical problems of clinical drug use .The quality evaluation of generic drugs , druggability research and so on could take advantage of close to clinics of hospital pharmacy , which may be the focus aspects .It is nec-essary to establish a continuous improvement of performance inspection system , improve the construction of echelon personnel and drive mechanism, and strengthen the scientific research cooperation inside and outside the team in hospital pharmacy researches .Conclu-sion:The scientific researches on hospital pharmacy are very important to develop pharmacy , which are worthy of further exploration .

Objective To investigate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of traumatic maculopathy. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 477 patients (486 eyes) with traumatic maculopathy, who aged from 4 years to 76 years. Method The clinical and OCT data of patients from September 2002 to June 2009 in Beijing Tongren Hospital were reviewed. Main outcome measures Features of the OCT images. Results The major findings by OCT in traumatic maculopathy included: macular hole, sensory retinal detachment, macular hemorrhage, epimacular membrane, choroidal rupture, sensory retinal atrophy, retinal pigment ep-ithelium (RPE) and choroid atrophy. In the early stage after trauma, the common findings with OCT are atrophy of RPE(49.0%), macular hole(24.7%), sensory retinal detachment(26.3%),macular hemorrhage(24.2%) and macular edema(19.2%); in the middle-late stage, atro-phy of RPE (63.0%)and atrophy of sensory retina (36.5%) are the most common changes revealed with OCT. Conclusions OCT is a useful diagnostic modality for imaging traumatic maculopathy. Diverse changes of retina and choroid are usually coexisting by OCT. At-rophy of RPE is the most common change throughout the course. In the early stage, macular hole, sensory retinal detachment, macular hemorrhage and edema are the common changes. In the middle-late stage, atrophy of sensory retina and/or RPE is the dominating change. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 236-238)

Objective To evaluate the significance of the expression level of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3(AKR1C3) for esophageal carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy.Methods The clinical data of 28 patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy alone was retrospectively analyzed, and the expression level of AKR1C3 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 8 statistical software, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant difference.Results The expression level of AKR1C3 was different in esophageal carcinoma patients at different levels of differentiation.The level of AKR1C3 expression was negatively correlated with efficacy of radiotherapy (P=0.031, 95%CI 0.151-0.914).Conclusion AKR1C3 can serve as a promising biomarker of the efficacy of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.

Objective To explore the characteristics of illness attribution of outpatients with multiple somatic symptoms in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to October,2012. A total of 150 outpatients were recruited from the departments of Gastroenterology,Traditional Chinese Medicine and Psychological Medicine by convenience sampling. Somatic symptom scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) was used to screening each patient in the waiting list. With the cut-off value of 10,patients were divided into the somatic symptom positive (SOM+) group and somatic symptom negative (SOM-) group. Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between these two groups. All the subjects completed interviews including questions about illness attribution. All the answers of illness attribution were concluded into three major groups as physical factors,situational factors and psychological factors. Results The proportion of female was significantly higher in SOM+ group than in SOM-group (69.3% vs. 53.3%;χ=4.048,P=0.044). In SOM+ group,significantly more patients contributed their illness to psychological factors (64.0% vs. 45.0%;χ=5.273,P=0.022). There was no significantly difference between SOM+ group and SOM-group on the phenomenon of multiple illness attribution (41.0% vs. 32.0%;χ=1.407,P=0.236). However,in the Department of Gastroenterology,there were significantly more outpatients in SOM+ group with multiple illness attribution (60.0% vs. 32.0%;χ=3.945,P=0.047).Conclusions The outpatients in general hospital with multiple somatic symptoms are more likely to contribute their illness to psychological factors. The phenomenon of multiple illness attribution is common among patients. Clinicians should increase their awareness and knowledge of illness attribution,so as to provide better holistic health services.

Objective To investigate surgical technique and clinical efficacy of Sky bone ex- pander kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures.Methods Eighteen cases with osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures were treated with Sky bone expander kyphoplasty from August 2004 to November 2005.Under the local anesthesia,3.5-5ml of bone cements were injected into each pathologic vertebral body through unipedicle approach after reduction procedure was done with Sky bone expander.Results The postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 11 months, with an average of 4.5 months.Back pain was effectively relieved after the operation in all cases.No complications occurred.Conclusion The Sky bone expander kyphoplasty has the advantages of safe- ty,easy operation,minimal invasion,effective restoration of the vertebral body height and fast relief of pain.

Polydatin is a monocrystaline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae) with biological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative and nephroprotective effects. Increasing number of studies have demonstrated the protective effect of polydatin on renal ischemia reperfusion injury. However, the possible mechanisms of this protection are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polydatin on ischemia-reperfusion induced expression of toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) in rat renal tubular epithelia cells (NRK-52E), and analyze the mechanism of polydatin on TLR4 signal pathway. The cultured NRK-52E cells were incubated in three gas incubators for a period of 6 h at hypoxia and 24h at reoxygenation to simulate the ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro. TLR4 mRNA level was analyzed by real-time-PCR, and the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB by Western blotting, while TNF-α and IL-1β proteins expressions were detected by ELISA. Polydatin downregulated I/R induced mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, and decreased the protein expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β. The TLR4 blocker partially antagonized the effect of I/R on NF-κB signaling, and such inhibitory effect was markedly enhanced by polydatin. In the present study, polydatin protects NRK-52E cells from I/R injury possibly by relieving the inflammatory response through regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism

Aim To investigate the effect of Ginsen-oside Rh2 on apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cell SW480,and to explore the possible mechanism of it. Methods The proliferation activity of SW480 treated with Ginsenoside Rh2 was measured CCK-8 assay.Ap-optosis rates were evaluated by FCM.Hoechst 33258 staining was used to observe cell nucleus morphologi-cal;change SW480 cells were treated with Ginsenoside Rh2,and the protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,p53, cleaved caspase-3 ,PI3 K,AKT,P-AKT,GSK-3β,P-GSK-3βwere detected by Western blot;SW480 cells were treated with LY294002,Rh2,LY294002+Rh2, the expressions of PI3 K,AKT,P-AKT,GSK-3β,P-GSK-3βwere detected by Western blot.Results The proliferation of SW480 cells was significantly inhibited by Ginsenoside Rh2 in dose-dependent and time-de-pendent manner.FCM showed the inducing apoptosis effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 was significantly different from that of control group.Hoechst 33258 staining in-dicated clearly cell apoptosis in Ginsenoside Rh2 treat-ment groups.Western blot showed Ginsenoside Rh2 decreased expression of Bcl-2,increased expression of Bax,p53 and cleaved caspase-3,PI3K/AKT/GSK-3βpathway proteins PI3 K,P-AKT,P-GSK-3βdecreased obviously,AKT and GSK-3βwere not changed signifi-cantly in SW480.SW480 cells were separately treated with LY294002,Rh2,LY294002 +Rh2,there were no significant difference in AKT and GSK-3βprotein a-mong all groups,and the expression of PI3 K,P-AKT, P-GSK-3βdecreased more obviously in LY294002 +Rh2 group compared with LY294002 and Rh2 alone. Conclusion Rh2 induces colorectal cancer cell apop-tosis through PI3 K/AKT/GSK-3βpathway,which ac-tivates p53 and cleaved caspase-3,and destroys the balance of Bcl-2/Bax.

In this work, a fast and efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed to extract main bioactive alkaloids from lotus plumue. To optimize MAE conditions, three main factors were selected using univariate approach experiments, and then central composite design (CCD). The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: methanol concentration of 65%, microwave power of 200 W, and extraction time of 260 s. A high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) method was established to quantitatively analyze these phytochemicals in different lotus plumule samples and in different part of lotus. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 3.5 μm). Gradient elution was applied with the mobile phase constituted with 0.1%triethylamine in water (A) and acetonitrile (B): 40%?70% B at 0?8 min, 70%?100% B at 8–9 min, 100% B for 2 min, and then equilibrated with 40%B for 2 min.

Objective To analyze the reason of hemoptysis after the bidirectional Glenn shunt procedure on complex congenital heart disease.Methods The feature of imaging data of 24 patients (1 6 males,8 females;age ranges:3-27 years;14 cases of single ventricle,3 cases of tricuspid Atresia,4 cases of pulmonary Atresia,3 cases of double Outlet Right Ventricle)after the bi-directional Glenn shunt procedure were retrospectively studied.Results Six patients had various degrees of hemoptysis (50 - 300 mL)after surgery,except for one case which has bronchiectasis on the left inferior lobe.The common feature of the other 5 cases present as plaque ground glass opacity and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula located at the corresponding subpleural field.After different therapy (three cases were performed endovascular management,2 cases were under expectant treatment),the lesion disappeared or obviously smaller which was clear evidence for the existence and bleeding of fistula.The occurrence of this disease in the present study was nearly 20.8%,which were accord with references.Conclusion Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula should be considered when crypto-genic hemoptysis happened after bi-directional Glenn shunt with complex congenital heart disease which exclude tuberculosis,bron-chiectasis or rupture and bleeding of MAPCAs.Multiple sliced CT angiography can be used to as the first line examination and sup-ply acute evidence for clinic therapy in time.