Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common syndrome in adolescent women and women of reproductive age. Main manifestations are oligomenorrhea, anovulation, polycystic ovarian, and hyperandrogenism with metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. PCOS can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer, which seriously threat the health of women. The pathogenesis of PCOS is not clear. Over 60% of women with PCOS are obese or overweight. Appetite and energy intake regulation plays an important role in body weight management. Nutrients are mainly digested and absorbed in gastrointestinal track, which is also one of the largest endocrine organs in human body. Special endocrine epithelial cells in stomach, proximal small intestine, and distal small intestine can secrete ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY, which involve in the regulation of appetite and are also known as appetite regulating hormones. This review focuses on changes in the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and related weight loss treatment in patients with PCOS.

BACKGROUND: There are obvious neuropsychological changes after stroke besides the damage of cognitive function, and the symptoms of depression and anxiety which are also very conspicuous.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the related characteristics of neuropsychological changes after stroke by means of neuropsychological methods.DESIGN: A case-control study.SETTING: Department of Psychology, the Third Hospital of Daqing; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty stroke inpatients (33 males and 27 female)aged from 42 to 75 years old with an average of (59.3±8.8) years old were selected from the Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between October 2001 and June 2002. Totally 49 cases had cerebral infarction and 11 cases had cerebral hemorrhage; 31 cases had single focus and 29 cases had multiple focuses (including 2 focuses or more); 20 cases had lesion in left hemisphere,21 cases had lesion in right hemisphere and 19 cases had bilateral lesions. The lesion was at temporal lobe in 6 cases, at occipital lobe in 2 cases, at frontoparietal temporal lobe in 15 cases, at internal capsule in 4 cases, at basal nuclei in 19 cases, at lateral ventricle in 4 cases, at thalam us in 4 cases, at cerebellum in 1 case and at multiple sites in 5 cases. The focal size was ＜ 15 mm in 33 cases and ≥ 15 mm in 27 cases. Sixty residents (33 males and 27 females) aged 42to 75 years with an average of (58.7±7.9) years old were selected simultaneously from the communities and suburbs of Harbin city as the controls and they all had no cerebral and organic lesion, mental disorder, severe somatic diseases and family history of mental disease.INTERVENTIONS: The poststroke mental status of the patients at stable recovery period was assessed with symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90, consisted of 90 items and 9 symptoms, scored by 5 grades of 0 to 4, including 0 as never, 1 as mild, 2 as moderate, 3 as a little severe and 4 as severe;Hamilton depression scale (HAMD, consisted of 24 items, including 11 somatic symptoms scored by 0 to 2 grades and 13 mental symptoms scored by 0 to 4 grades; the total score ＞ 24 points was taken as severe depression, 17 to 24 as moderate depression, 7 to 16 as mild depression, ＜ 7 as no depression), self-rating depressive scale (SDS, consists of 20 items, evaluated according to the occurrence frequency of the symptom, and classified into 4 grades; the score was 1, 2, 3 and 4 points for the forward scored questions, but 4, 3, 2 and 1 point for the backward scored questions; the highest total score was 80 points; the depressive severity=accumulative scores of each item/80×100, the depressive index ranged 25 to 100, the index ＜ 0.5 was taken as no depression, 0.5 to 0.59 as mild depression,0.6 to 0.69 as moderate depression, ＞ 0.7 as severe depression) and selfrating anxiety scale (SAS, consisted of 20 items, scored by 4 grades, mainly evaluated according to the occurrencefrequency of the symptoms. The forward scores were 1, 2, 3 and 4 points, and the backward scores were 4,3, 2 and 1 point; the total score multiplied by 1.25, and then the integer was taken as the standard score, the lower the better, and the delimitative value was 50. The total score of anxiety ＜ 50 points was taken as normal,50 to 60 as mild anxiety, 61 to 70 as moderate anxiety, ＞ 70 as severe anxiety). According to the different characters of disease, the patients with moderate depression and above were given suitable psychotherapy and psychiatric drugs for 4 weeks as a course.of the 4 scales between stroke patients with different lesion natures, foin the patients accompanied by depression. RESULTS: All the 60 stroke patients and 60 eases in the control group were involved in the analysis and SAS between the stroke group and control group: All the total scores were higher in the stroke group than in the control group [(131.45 ±18.89), (94.25 ±9.08) points; (18.73 ±6.54), (8.60 ±2.39)points; (56.49±11.85), (41.63±9.91) points: (40.08±6.55), (28.72±1.84)the 4 scales between stroke patients with different lesion natures, focal sites and focal sizes: In the stroke group, the total scores were higher in the patients with lesion in left hemisphere, cortical lesion, multiple focuses and large focal size (≥ 15 mm) than in those with lesion in right hemisphere, subcortical lesion, single focus and small focal size (＜ 15 mm)(t=1.92 to 4.31, P ＜ 0.05), but the scores were almost the same between the patients with cerebral infarction and those with cerebral hemorrhage accompanied by depression before and after treatment: 21 patients had moderate depressive symptoms and above, and their total scores of SCL90, HAMD, SDS and SAS were obviously higher than those in the control group (t=7.45 to 13.75, 9.83 to 21.20, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The poststroke neuropsychological changes are more obvious, and the changes are associated with the lesion location, focal size and focal site, but have no close correlation with the lesion nature.After psychological interventions, the depressive emotion is markedly ameliorated in the patients with obvious depressive symptoms and it is then indicated that poststroke patients should be given psychological interventions.

Animals ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of American Ginseng Capsule (AGC) on the liver oxidative injury and the Nrf2 protein expression in the liver tissue of rats exposed by 900 MHz cell phone electromagnetic radiation.

METHODSTotally 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the Shuifei Jibin Capsule (SJC) group, and the AGC group,10 in each group. Rats in the normal control group were not irradiated. Rats in the rest three groups were exposed by imitated 900 MHz cellular phone for 4 h in 12 consecutive days. Meanwhile, rats in the SJC group and the AGC group were intragastrically administrated with suspension of SJC and AGC (1 mL/200 g body weight) respectively. Normal saline was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group. The histolomorphological changes of the liver tissue were observed by HE staining. Contents of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)were detected by colorimetry. The Nrf2 protein expression of hepatocytes was detected by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, hepatocyte nucleus was atrophied or partially disappeared, the contents of liver MDA and Nrf2 protein obviously increased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01); contents of liver SOD and GSH decreased (P <0. 05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, karyopyknosis was obviously attenuated and approached to the normal level in the SJC group and the AGC group. The contents of liver MDA and Nrf2 protein expression decreased (P <0. 05), and the contents of liver SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX obviously increased (P < 0.05) in the SJC group. The contents of liver MDA and the Nrf2 protein expression decreased (P < 0.05), and contents of SOD and GSH obviously increased in the AGC group (P <0.01, P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe electromagnetic radiation induced by 900 MHz cell phone could affect the expression of Nrf2 protein, induce oxidative injury, and induce abnormal morphology of liver cells. SJC and AGC could promote the morphological recovery of the liver cells. Its mechanism might be related to affecting the expression of Nrf2 protein and attenuating oxidative damage of liver cells.

Animals ; Cell Phone ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Liver ; Male ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Panax ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To determine the optimal condition for labeling rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) with green fluorescent protein(GFP)infection by lentiviral vector so as to establish a subgroup of MSCs which have a high level of GFP expression.Methods MSCs were infected with GFP by lentiviral vector for 12h or 24h at different MOI(25,50,100,200 and 400).The infection efficiency and fluorescence intensity were analyzed by inverted fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry.The effect of infection at different MOI on proliferation of MSCs was evaluated by MTT.Based on those mentioned above,we could determine the optimal condition for infection.Then single cell clones of MSCs labeled with GFP under optimal condition were selected by using cloning rings.Results The efficiency of infection for 24h at MOI 100,200 and 400 was 88.94%,99.65% and 99.42%,respectively.The infection had no significant effect on the proliferation of MSCs infected at MOI 100 or 200,compared with MSCs without infection.However,those MSCs infected at MOI 400 proliferated slowly.The rate of GFP expression on single-cell clone of MSCs infected for 24h at MOI 200 was 99.95%,and their fluorescence intensity was strong and uniform.Conclusion Infection for 24h at MOI 200 is optimal for labeling rat bone marrow MSCs with GFP by a lentiviral vector.A subgroup of MSCs which have a stably high level of GFP expression can be obtained by single cell cloning technique.

Xanthone and its derivatives occupy a large part of the family of natural polyphenolic compounds with various biological and pharmacological activities.In recent years (from 2006 to 2011),it was reported that 127 xanthones were discovered from plants and fungi using various modem separation methods including silica gel/polyamide column chromatography,HPLC,high-speed counter-current chromatography,high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography,etc.Since total synthesis and structure modification for xanthone and its derivatives have been given attention worldwide,we introduced the synthetic methods of xanthone skeletons as well.Unfortunately,to date,there are still weaknesses in current methods of separation and synthesis,which need to be improved.This review,to a certain extent,provides necessary foundation for the further research and development of medicines containing xanthone and its derivatives.

Objective To observe the protein expression , subcelluar localization of activated Pak 1 and its relation-ship with chromosome separation during meiosis in mouse oocytes .Methods Western blot was applied to analyze the expression of activated Pak1 (phosphorylated Pak1 at Ser204, pPak1Ser204 ) at different stages of meiotic progres-sion in semi-quantitative manner;immunofluorescent staining was employed to detect the sub-cellular localization of pPak1Ser204 and its spatial-temporal correlation with spindle and microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) during oo-cyte meiosis.Results pPak1Ser204 expression was found upon germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in mouse oo-cytes which increased along with the meiotic progression , reaching peak level at metaphase Ⅰ( MⅠ) , which re-mained up to meiosis Ⅱ(MⅡ).From pro-metaphase Ⅰ(pro-MⅠ) to MⅠand at MⅡstage, pPak1Ser204was co-localized with MTOC key components , pericentrin and γ-tubulin on spindle poles, pPak1Ser204 was also distributed on chromosomes;During anaphase Ⅰ(AⅠ) to telophase Ⅰ(TelⅠ) progression, pPak1Ser204 was detached from chromosomes and MTOC, and mainly concentrated on the cleavage furrow.Conclusions pPak1Ser204 is expressed upon meiotic resumption in oocytes .It is a MTOC-associated protein which may regulate chromosome separation through participating the formation and maintenance of spindle apparatus .

Objective To investigate the differences of the correct memorization of a sentence with auditory between the hearing-impaired children after rehabilitation training and normal children.Methods Twenty-four hearing-impaired children and 14 normal hearing children at age 3~4 were selected.The hearing-impaired chil-dren were divided into two groups according to the length of the hearing device.The closed-set sentence test of e-valuation of auditory response to speech (EARS)was used.Results 1 .In the first test,the hearing-impaired chil-dren with hearing device 2 to 3 years whose correct rate was 57.14%were close to the normal children whose correct rate was 58.93%.The hearing-impaired children with hearing devices 1 to 2 years whose correct rate was 32.5%were worse than the children of other two groups 2 .In the second test,the hearing-impaired children with hearing devices 2 to 3 years whose correct rate was 44.64% were better than the hearing-impaired children with hearing devices 1 to 2 years whose the correct rate was 22.5%.The normal children whose the correct rate was 55.36%were better than the children of other two groups.3.There was no significant difference to correctly memorize a sen-tence between three groups in the first test,but there was significant difference to correctly memorize a sentence between the hearing-impaired with hearing device 1 to 2 years and the hearing-impaired children with hearing de-vice 2 to 3 years (P<0.05),and significant differences also existed between the hearing-impaired with hearing de-vice 1 to 2 years and normal children (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the hearing-im-paired children with hearing device 2 to 3 years and normal children (P>0.05).Conclusion The length with hear-ing device strengthens the ability of hearing-impaired children in correctly memorizing a sentence after rehabilitation training.And the content of test affects the result ,it provides reference to the hearing-impaired children's auditory training .

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative perfusion chemotherapy via left gastric artery catheterization in patients with cardiac cancer of the stomach.Methods 56 operated cases with cardiac cancer,who had undergone preoperative perfusion chemotherapy via left gastric artery,were collected and analyzed.Results Most of the tumors were hypervascular as studied with DSA.After perfusion chemotherapy,there was amelioration of symptoms.Decrease in size about 50% of the tumor mass,shown in barium study were found in 32 patients,(18% of them).The survival rates one year,two years and three years after surgical resection were 98%,78.6% and 53.6% respectively.18 cases(32%)had gastric hemorrage,that was the main complication after perfusion.Conclusion Preoperative perfusion chemotherapy via left gastric artery in cases with cardiac cancer of the stomach is an effective measure in increasing resection rates in surgery.

One hundred and sixty non-diabetic patients with cerebral ischemia of primary onset were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group according to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Carotid atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis were examined with vascular Doppler ultrasonic detection. The incidence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in IGT group and NGT group were 87. 5% (70/80)and 63.8% (51/80)respectively (χ2= 12.240,P <0.001);the incidence rates of carotid stenosis in IGT group and NGT group were 63.8% (51/80) and 47. 5 % (38/80), respectively(χ2 =4. 279, P =0. 039);the degree of carotid artery stenosis in IGT group was higher than that in NGT group(χ2= 21.95, P < 0. 01). The results indicate that IGT may be related to atherosclerosis and stenosis of carotid artery in cerebral ischemic patients.