BACKGROUND: There are obvious neuropsychological changes after stroke besides the damage of cognitive function, and the symptoms of depression and anxiety which are also very conspicuous.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the related characteristics of neuropsychological changes after stroke by means of neuropsychological methods.DESIGN: A case-control study.SETTING: Department of Psychology, the Third Hospital of Daqing; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty stroke inpatients (33 males and 27 female)aged from 42 to 75 years old with an average of (59.3±8.8) years old were selected from the Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between October 2001 and June 2002. Totally 49 cases had cerebral infarction and 11 cases had cerebral hemorrhage; 31 cases had single focus and 29 cases had multiple focuses (including 2 focuses or more); 20 cases had lesion in left hemisphere,21 cases had lesion in right hemisphere and 19 cases had bilateral lesions. The lesion was at temporal lobe in 6 cases, at occipital lobe in 2 cases, at frontoparietal temporal lobe in 15 cases, at internal capsule in 4 cases, at basal nuclei in 19 cases, at lateral ventricle in 4 cases, at thalam us in 4 cases, at cerebellum in 1 case and at multiple sites in 5 cases. The focal size was ＜ 15 mm in 33 cases and ≥ 15 mm in 27 cases. Sixty residents (33 males and 27 females) aged 42to 75 years with an average of (58.7±7.9) years old were selected simultaneously from the communities and suburbs of Harbin city as the controls and they all had no cerebral and organic lesion, mental disorder, severe somatic diseases and family history of mental disease.INTERVENTIONS: The poststroke mental status of the patients at stable recovery period was assessed with symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90, consisted of 90 items and 9 symptoms, scored by 5 grades of 0 to 4, including 0 as never, 1 as mild, 2 as moderate, 3 as a little severe and 4 as severe;Hamilton depression scale (HAMD, consisted of 24 items, including 11 somatic symptoms scored by 0 to 2 grades and 13 mental symptoms scored by 0 to 4 grades; the total score ＞ 24 points was taken as severe depression, 17 to 24 as moderate depression, 7 to 16 as mild depression, ＜ 7 as no depression), self-rating depressive scale (SDS, consists of 20 items, evaluated according to the occurrence frequency of the symptom, and classified into 4 grades; the score was 1, 2, 3 and 4 points for the forward scored questions, but 4, 3, 2 and 1 point for the backward scored questions; the highest total score was 80 points; the depressive severity=accumulative scores of each item/80×100, the depressive index ranged 25 to 100, the index ＜ 0.5 was taken as no depression, 0.5 to 0.59 as mild depression,0.6 to 0.69 as moderate depression, ＞ 0.7 as severe depression) and selfrating anxiety scale (SAS, consisted of 20 items, scored by 4 grades, mainly evaluated according to the occurrencefrequency of the symptoms. The forward scores were 1, 2, 3 and 4 points, and the backward scores were 4,3, 2 and 1 point; the total score multiplied by 1.25, and then the integer was taken as the standard score, the lower the better, and the delimitative value was 50. The total score of anxiety ＜ 50 points was taken as normal,50 to 60 as mild anxiety, 61 to 70 as moderate anxiety, ＞ 70 as severe anxiety). According to the different characters of disease, the patients with moderate depression and above were given suitable psychotherapy and psychiatric drugs for 4 weeks as a course.of the 4 scales between stroke patients with different lesion natures, foin the patients accompanied by depression. RESULTS: All the 60 stroke patients and 60 eases in the control group were involved in the analysis and SAS between the stroke group and control group: All the total scores were higher in the stroke group than in the control group [(131.45 ±18.89), (94.25 ±9.08) points; (18.73 ±6.54), (8.60 ±2.39)points; (56.49±11.85), (41.63±9.91) points: (40.08±6.55), (28.72±1.84)the 4 scales between stroke patients with different lesion natures, focal sites and focal sizes: In the stroke group, the total scores were higher in the patients with lesion in left hemisphere, cortical lesion, multiple focuses and large focal size (≥ 15 mm) than in those with lesion in right hemisphere, subcortical lesion, single focus and small focal size (＜ 15 mm)(t=1.92 to 4.31, P ＜ 0.05), but the scores were almost the same between the patients with cerebral infarction and those with cerebral hemorrhage accompanied by depression before and after treatment: 21 patients had moderate depressive symptoms and above, and their total scores of SCL90, HAMD, SDS and SAS were obviously higher than those in the control group (t=7.45 to 13.75, 9.83 to 21.20, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The poststroke neuropsychological changes are more obvious, and the changes are associated with the lesion location, focal size and focal site, but have no close correlation with the lesion nature.After psychological interventions, the depressive emotion is markedly ameliorated in the patients with obvious depressive symptoms and it is then indicated that poststroke patients should be given psychological interventions.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common syndrome in adolescent women and women of reproductive age. Main manifestations are oligomenorrhea, anovulation, polycystic ovarian, and hyperandrogenism with metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. PCOS can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer, which seriously threat the health of women. The pathogenesis of PCOS is not clear. Over 60% of women with PCOS are obese or overweight. Appetite and energy intake regulation plays an important role in body weight management. Nutrients are mainly digested and absorbed in gastrointestinal track, which is also one of the largest endocrine organs in human body. Special endocrine epithelial cells in stomach, proximal small intestine, and distal small intestine can secrete ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY, which involve in the regulation of appetite and are also known as appetite regulating hormones. This review focuses on changes in the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and related weight loss treatment in patients with PCOS.

Animals ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of American Ginseng Capsule (AGC) on the liver oxidative injury and the Nrf2 protein expression in the liver tissue of rats exposed by 900 MHz cell phone electromagnetic radiation.

METHODSTotally 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the Shuifei Jibin Capsule (SJC) group, and the AGC group,10 in each group. Rats in the normal control group were not irradiated. Rats in the rest three groups were exposed by imitated 900 MHz cellular phone for 4 h in 12 consecutive days. Meanwhile, rats in the SJC group and the AGC group were intragastrically administrated with suspension of SJC and AGC (1 mL/200 g body weight) respectively. Normal saline was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group. The histolomorphological changes of the liver tissue were observed by HE staining. Contents of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)were detected by colorimetry. The Nrf2 protein expression of hepatocytes was detected by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, hepatocyte nucleus was atrophied or partially disappeared, the contents of liver MDA and Nrf2 protein obviously increased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01); contents of liver SOD and GSH decreased (P <0. 05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, karyopyknosis was obviously attenuated and approached to the normal level in the SJC group and the AGC group. The contents of liver MDA and Nrf2 protein expression decreased (P <0. 05), and the contents of liver SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX obviously increased (P < 0.05) in the SJC group. The contents of liver MDA and the Nrf2 protein expression decreased (P < 0.05), and contents of SOD and GSH obviously increased in the AGC group (P <0.01, P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe electromagnetic radiation induced by 900 MHz cell phone could affect the expression of Nrf2 protein, induce oxidative injury, and induce abnormal morphology of liver cells. SJC and AGC could promote the morphological recovery of the liver cells. Its mechanism might be related to affecting the expression of Nrf2 protein and attenuating oxidative damage of liver cells.

Animals ; Cell Phone ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Liver ; Male ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Panax ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

One hundred and sixty non-diabetic patients with cerebral ischemia of primary onset were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group according to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Carotid atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis were examined with vascular Doppler ultrasonic detection. The incidence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in IGT group and NGT group were 87. 5% (70/80)and 63.8% (51/80)respectively (χ2= 12.240,P <0.001);the incidence rates of carotid stenosis in IGT group and NGT group were 63.8% (51/80) and 47. 5 % (38/80), respectively(χ2 =4. 279, P =0. 039);the degree of carotid artery stenosis in IGT group was higher than that in NGT group(χ2= 21.95, P < 0. 01). The results indicate that IGT may be related to atherosclerosis and stenosis of carotid artery in cerebral ischemic patients.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of intrathecal injection of cyclin dependent kinase 5 inhibitor Roscovitine on the hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in a rat model of incisional pain.MethodsForty-five SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =9 in each group):control group ( C ),incisional pain group ( Ⅰ ),Roscovitine group(ROS),remifentanil group(R) and Roscovitine + remifentanil group ( ROS + R).Roscovitine (50μg/10μl) was injected intrathecally at 30 min before plantar incision in groups ROS and ROS + R,other groups were injected with 20％ DMSO(10μl).All groups except for C group needed to be made the model of incisional pain.In group R and ROS + R,remifentanil(0.04 mg/kg) was infused subcutaneously with a pump for 30min at the moment of surgical incision.The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL) were used to evaluate the behavioral changes and measured at 24 h before incision and at 2 h,6 h,24 h and 48 h after incision.ResultsCompared with group C,the PWMT and PWTL of group Ⅰ were significantly decreased after incision (P＜0.01).Compared with group Ⅰ,the PWMT and PWTL of group R were significantly decreased after incision (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; however,the PWTL was significantly increased (2h:( 20.26 ± 1.33)s,(17.97 ±0.47)s;48h:(22.15 ±0.660)s,(19.89 ±1.27) s),P＜0.05)in ROS group.Compared with group R,at 2h after incision,the significant increase of PWTL ( ( 19.13 ± 1.72)s,( 14.41 ± 2.30) s) and PWMT ( ( 10.4 ± 1.95 ) g,(6.38 ± 0.91 ) g) were observed,then lasted up to 48 h ( ( 19.24 ± 2.8 ) s,( 14.87 ± 1.95 ) s )and 24h ( (8.88 ± 1.41 ) g,( 6.83 ± 0.80) g) respectively in group ROS + R (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionIn a rat model of postoperative pain,Roseovitine could reduce the thermal hyperalgesia purely induced by incision,and also could prevent the development of hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil.

[Objective] To detect the expression levels of connexin43(Cx43),P-gp and COX-2 in bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia (AL),and investigate their relationship with the pathogenesis,prognosis and resistance of this condition.[Methods]Using SYBR green real-time quantitativereverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (SYBR-RT-PCR),the expression of Cx43,P-gp and COX-2 mRNA were detected in 77 AL patients at different phases,including 36 initially-treated,20 complete-remission (CR)and 20 relapsed.A follow-up was done in those initially lreated.[Results]Expression levels of Cx43,P-gp and COX-2 mRNA from initially-treated were 0.52±0.57,1.42 ±1.06,1.14±0.95;those from relapse AL patients were 0.20±0.40,2.29 ±1.11,1.69±0.81,respectively,those from CR patients were 0.95±0.37,0.93±-0.73,0.79±0.58,respectively,those from normal patients were 1.16 ±0.67,0.86±0.63,0.61±0.57.Expression levels of Cx43 mRNA in initially-treated and relapse AL patients were significantly lower than those in normal patients and CR patients(initially-treated P were 0.001,0.005;relapse patients were P＜0.001),while the comparison between normal patients and CR patients showed no statistical significance(P=0.185).Cx43mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with P-gp and COX-2 mRNA,and a negative correlation was noted of both two expressions in initially-treated and relapse groups (Cx43 mRNA and P-gp mRNA r were -0.471,-0.362,-0.526;Cx43 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA r were -0.479,-0.344,-0.471).A follow-up of four months was conducted in 36 initially-treated patients,eight of them died.The expression Cx43 in those who died was lower than that who survived.The difference was significant(t=2.16,P=0.042).[Conclusion] Cx43mRNA expression levels of initially-treated and relapse AL patients were lower than those in normal patients and CR patients,P-gp and COX-2 mRNA expression levels of initially-treated and relapse AL patients were higher than those in normal patients and CR patients.Cx43 expre-ssion probably is a favorable prognostic factor.Cx43 is participation in the genesis,development and drug resistance of AL.

Objective To investigate the reasonable time limit for stopping the aspirin treatment in preoperative pa-tients with general surgery and the effects on platelet function in postoperative patients with recovering the therapy of aspirin. Methods A total of 121 patients undergoing elective general surgery were divided into stopping aspirin treatment 5 d group (n=59) and stopping aspirin treatment 7 d group (n=62). Fifty healthy volunteers were used as the control group. The arachi-donic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation test was used to detect the platelet agglutination rate in all groups. Aspirin was reused 24~48 h after surgery. The level of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-DH-TXB2) was assayed by ELISA 7 and 10 d after retreatment. Results The levels of the PAgT (5 min, 8 min and 10 min) were decreased significantly in pa-tients with stopping aspirin treatment 5 d group compared with those of patients with stopping aspirin treatment 7 d group and control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of PAgT between patients with stopping aspirin treatment 7 d group and control group. The platelet aggregation showed two different characteristic curves after stopping aspi-rin treatment for 5 d. And the normal curve of platelet aggregation was found after stopping aspirin treatment for 7 d. The lev-els of PAgT and urinary 11-DH-TXB2 were significantly lower in patient recovered the aspirin treatment for 7 d and 10 d than that of control, and which was significantly higher in 7 d group than that of 10 d group (P>0.05). Conclusion The platelet aggregative function returned to normal level in patients with 7-d preoperative stopping aspirin. The laboratory moni-toring of aspirin therapy should be more than 7 d after postoperative reusing aspirin.

The problems to offer HIS course in plateau medical colleges and universities were pointed out and corresponding reform measures were put forward in view of the requirement for medical professionals in the 21stcentury information society and the current situation in HIS course teaching.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that the freeze-dried and irradiation-sterilized allogeneic bone is an ideal material for bone transplantation, they are present with good biocompatibility and biomechanical property, also maintains some necessary enzymes for bone morphogenetic protein and morphogenesis protein in bone matrix with some osteninductivable potentials. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of the compound of placenta tissue injection and allogeneic lyophilized bone on the reconstruction of jaw bone defects of dogs, and to compare with single allogeneic lyophilized bone. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A comparative observational trial was performed in the Animal Experimental Center of Harbin Medical University between December 2007 and September 2008. MATERIALS: Eight healthy hybred adult dogs; allogeneic lyophUized bone was offered by Hubei Osteolink Biomatedals Co.,Ltd; placenta tissue injection was purchased from Livzon Pharmaceutical Factory Zhuhai (2 mL per injection); allogeneic lyophilized bone: placenta tissue injection=(4-5):1.METHODS: A total of 96 experiment areas from hemisphere jaw defect models at 1.0 cm diameter were established in dog jaw bone site corresponding with central incisor, canine teeth and root apex of the first molar. In the experiment group, the allogeneic lyophilized bone and bone particles were soaked in placenta tissue injection and under saturation state, then the compound of placenta tissue injection and allogeneic lyophilized bone were implanted to jaw bone defect. In the positive control group, the allogeneic lyophilized bone and bone particles were soaked in sodium chloride injection and under saturation state, then implanted to jaw bone defect. In the negative control group, nothing was implanted to jaw bone defect. Each experiment area comprised four materials in each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The radiological and histological observations were performed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation.RESULTS: In the experiment group, there was obvious cartilaginous osteogenesis in the earlier period and intramombranous osteogenesis in the late period. The new bone was well integrated with the surrounding tissues. In the positive control group, new recovered bone existed but the combination between the new bone and the original bone was not well. In the negative control group, jaw bone defects were not filled with bone trabecula. Histological examination results showed that there were more new bones in the experiment group than the control groups at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. Statistical difference could be observed among them (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: The compound of placenta tissue injection and allogenalc lyophilized bone can promote recovery of jaw bone defect actively and shorten recovering time effectively.