Objective To analyze the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1),p16 proteins and DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ α (TOPO Ⅱ α) in cervical cancer and their clinical significances.Methods A total of 181 paraffin-embedded operating specimens and the biopsy including 106 cervical squamous cell carcinoma,30 high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN),30 low grade CIN and 33 normal cervical were selected from January 2014 to December 2015.An immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the expression of PD-L1,p16 and TOPO Ⅱ α.Results The positive rate of PD-L1 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 66.0 ％ (70/106),but it was not expressed in high grade CIN,low grade CIN and normal cervical tissues,the differences were statistically significant (all P =0.000).Whereas,in squamous cell carcinoma,the positive rate of PD-L1 in poor differentiation group [77.3 ％ (51/66)] was higher than that in middle or high differentiation group [56.5 ％ (21/40)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.02,P =0.01).According to the FIGO stage,the positive rate in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ group [54.9 ％ (28/51)] was lower than that in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ group [76.4 ％ (42/55)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =5.47,P =0.02).But there was no statistical significance in lesion size or lymph node metastasis (both P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of p16 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 99.1％ (105/ 106),in high grade CIN was 86.7 ％ (26/30),in low grade CIN was 26.7 ％ (8/30),and no expression in normal cervical tissues,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.001).The expression of p16 had no relationship with histological differentiation,FIGO stage,lesion size,and lymph node metastasis (all P ＞ 0.05).The positive expression rate of TOPO Ⅱ α in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 97.2 ％ (103/106),compared with that in high grade CIN [73.3 ％ (22/30)],low grade CIN [66.7 ％ (20/30)],and normal cervical tissues (no expression),the differences were statistically significant (all P =0.000).But there was nosignificant difference in the positive expression rate of TOPOⅡ α between high grade and low grade CIN (x2 =0.32,P =0.570).The expression of TOPO 1Ⅱ α had no relationship with histological differentiation,FIGO stage,lesion size and lymph node metastasis (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of PD-L1,p16 and TOPO Ⅱ α is associated with the invasion of cervical cancer.PD-L1 may be an immune checkpoint for the treatment of patients with invasive cervical cancer.

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To explore the value of serum procalcitonin detection in judging whether severe patients complicate with infection.Methods 188 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU)were collected and divided into the infection and non-infection groups.The serum procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP),total number of white blood cells(WBC)and neutrophile cell ratio were simultaneously monitored;41 cases in the infection group dynamically monitored PCT and related indicators for continuous 1-6 d and the statistical analysis was conducted.Results The age,PCT and CRP had statistically significant differences between the infection group(112 cases)and non-infection group(76 cases).Except the correlation of PCT and CRP in the infection group showing statistical significance,the comparison of the other indicators had no statistical differences.In the infectors,the PCT value comparison between on 1 d and 2 d in the hospital discharge group(32 cases)and the death group (9 cases)showed P >0.05,the PCT value comparison between on 3-6 d showed P <0.05.Conclusion Serum PCT is an effective indicator to judge whether se-vere infected patient has infection and is significantly superior to the traditional inflammatory indicators.Dynamically monitoring the PCT level in the critical patients has a certain value to judge the control situation of infection.

Objective To investigate the disease occurrence-related factors and severity of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC).Methods According to the clinical diagnostic criteria that were passed by the 2010 Chinese Society of Fatty Liver Hepatology and alcoholic liver disease study group,the clinical data of 241 AH and ALC patients were analyzed.Results The amount of liquor taken daily,the time limit of drinking,and total amount of liquor taken in ALC patients were significantly different from those in AH patients (P ＜0.01),respectively.In ALC patients,the proportion (48.39％)of workers,peasants,and unemployed low-income alcoholics was significantly higher than that (25.58％)in AH patients (P ＜0.01).Laboratory tests showed the AST/ALT ratio in the ALC group (2.63 ±4.74)was significantly higher than that in the AH group (1.01 ±0.52) (P ＜0.01); TG [(1.33±1.24)mmol/L] and cholesterol (CHOL) [(3.14 ± 1.25) mmol/L] in ALC group were significantly lower than TG [(2.29 ± 1.60)mmol/L] and CHOL [(4.27 ±0.79)mmol/L] in the AH group (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Alcoholic liver disease occurrence and severity were related to the amount of liquor taken,the time limit of drinking,and the work ; AST/ALT ratio,TG and CHOL values were consistent with the severity of alcoholic liver disease.

Objective To evaluate the optimal dosage of misoprostol administered in the rectum for dilation of the cervix. Methods Two hundred and forty women at 40-60 day gestational age without vaginal delivery history were randomly divided into three groups,with 80 cases in each group. Patients received 200,400 or 600μg of misoprostol rectally one hour before electrical vacuum abortions in group A,B and C,respectively. Cervical dilation,blood loss,and drug side effects in the three groups were compared. Venous blood samples were taken before vein anesthesia,and misoprostol acid concentration in the serum was tested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The analgesic rate was 100. 00%in all three dose groups, and cervical dilation rate was 23. 75%,46. 25%and 70. 00%in groups A,B and C,respectively. The severity of drug side effects such as vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain is dose-dependent. Blood concentration of misoprostal acid was(117±65),(206± 98),and(303±149)pg·mL-1 ,in groups A,B and C,respectively. Conclusion The recommended dose of misoprostol is 400 μg administered in rectum. Rectal administration of misoprostol is cheap,safe,and convenient,and therefore could be widely applied.

Objective To study the relationships of fatty liver with the waist to hip ratio (WHR),obesity,blood glucose,blood lipid,so as to guide clinical treatment.Methods A total of 5827 persons who underwent the following examination,including liver function,kidney function,blood lipids,blood glucose,and ultrasound imaging examination were divided into fatty liver suffering group and non-fatty liver suffering group.Results The incidences of WHR,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and hyperuricemia in the fatty liver suffering group were significantly higher than those in the non-fatty liver suffers group(t =24.6,13.2,21.9,19.6,10.3,P ＜ 0.01).The incidence (44.3％) of fatty liver in males was significantly higher than that (31％) in females (x2 =33.6,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions There was obvious correction between fatty liver and abdominal obesity.Patients with fatty liver should be given early prevention in order to prevent from the occurrence of cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome.

Background The commonly used method of typing the adenovirus (AdV) for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is direct DNA sequence.However,heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) is found to be a faster method to identify the subtypes of adenovirus and is more conforming to the principle of cost and economic benefit.There are few studies to illustrate the application of HMA in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.Objective This study analyzed the conserved region of hexon coding sequence and compared the outcomes between direct DNA sequence and HMA for classification of adenovirus in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis patients.The validity of HMA is evaluated by comparing the result of both studies Methods Two hundreds and fourteen patients with suspicious epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were included in Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center or the clinical sites supervised by the Shanghai Prevention and Monitoring Office of Acute Hemerragic Conjunctivitis from January 2010 to December 2012.Sacconjunctival swab samples were collected from each patient under the informed consent.DNA of pathogens was extracted from the samples using QIA-amp minikit,and the conserved sequence with 366 bp at hexon protein coding region was amplified by PCR and sequenced subsequently to determine the infected adenovirus and their subtypes.These samples were simultaneously assayed by HMA,and the outcomes between DNA sequence and HMA were compared.Results Extracted DNA presented a yellow fluorescence band with the fragment size 35 kb and absorbance ratio at the wavelength 260 nm and 280 nm (A260/A280) was I.7.In the 214 samples,AdV type 1 (AdV1) was found in 4 samples,AdV2 in 33 samples,AdV3 in 15 samples,AdV4 in 12 samples,AdV8 in 19 samples,AdV19 in 15 samples and AdV37 in 8 samples.HMA showed the same outcome for the identification of AdV1,AdV2,AdV3,AdV8,AdV19 and AdV37 with direct DNA sequence.AdV4 was not feasible to HMA owing to 59.6％ (over 10％) mutation sites.Conclusions Direct DNA sequencing for conserved regions in coding sequence of hexon is an important way to identify causing-disease adenovirus subtypes in the patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.HMA can offer a consistent result with the DNA sequencing,and it might be used as a suitable tool for large-scale molecular epidemiology researches.

Background Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is a common eye disease,and adenovirus is one of the common pathogens.The hexon protein,one main capsid protein of the virus,is an important target of antibody binding.Thus,sequencing the coding region of the hexon protein is an important way for adenovirus fast typing.Objective This study was to complete a molecular epidemiology survey of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and investigate its association with adenovirus in Shanghai area by sequencing the coding region of hexon protein.Methods Two hundred and fourteen sacconjunctival swab specimens were collected from 214 patients with suspicious epidemic keratoconjunctivitis who visited Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center and the clinical sites supervised by the Shanghai Prevention and Monitoring Office of Acute Hemerragic Conjunctivitis under the informed consent from January 2010 to December 2012.DNA was extracted from the specimens and then the 140 bp conserved sequence in hexon protein coding region was amplified by PCR initially to determine an adenovirus pathogen.Furtherly,956 bp conserved sequence of the hexon codind district was sequencied to clarify the serotype of adenovirus in the adenovirus-positive specimens.Results 50.93％ patients (109/214) were detected to be adenovirus-positive by generic PCR,in which AdV1 + was in 4 patiens,AdV2+ was in 33 patients,AdV3+ was in 15 patients,AdV4+ was in 12 patients,AdV8+ was in 19 patiens,AdV19+ was in 15 patients,AdV37+ was in 8 patients.The subgenus D adenoviruses,including AdV8+,AdV19+ and AdV37+ often resulted in corneal inflammation,pseudomembranous conjunctivitis and preauricular lymph nodes;while subgenus B adenovirus induced much frequent tract infection and less corneal response.Conclusions PCR-sequence of conserved region of hexon protein coding district is applicable for the detection and serotyping of adenovirus in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Teachers should have a good understanding of characteristic of Pathology Practical Training and enhance language communication competence,especially the expression ability in medical English.Meanwhile,it is essential for teachers to establish harmonious relationship with international students.

Carthamus tinctorius L. is a traditional Chinese medicine with the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. HSYA (hydroxysafflor yellow A) is the main effective component of Carthamus tinctorius L. In order to study the inhibitory effects of HSYA against PMN (polymorphonuclear) activation induced by LPS (lipopolysaccharide), rabbit PMN adhesion potency which was activated by LPS through colorimetry method was observed. Cellular free calcium concentration was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. RT-PCR was applied to study the effect of HSYA on PMN TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression; The inhibition of HSYA on NF-kappaB activation was monitored with immunofluorescence. The results showed that after treated with HSYA, the increase of adhesion potency (HSYA dose 1.01 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1)), free calcium concentration (HSYA dose 3.1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)), TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression elevation (HSYA dose 5.2 x 10(-1) mol x L(-1)) induced by LPS were inhibited. HSYA can inhibit NF-kappaB p65 subgroup nuclear translocation (HSYA dose 5.2 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)). It is suggested that HSYA is effective in PMN activation induced by LPS.