Objective Health belief model and theory of reasoned action or theory of planned behavior have been used widely in studies of health behavior and combined to use in many studies to explain and predict definite health behaviors.A systematic review was conducted to analyze how two theories combined in the studies related to health behaviors,to explore general factors influencing different health behaviors,and so that to provide evidence for future health promotion and health education strategies.Methods Nine databases were searched using predetermined search strategies and 322 indexes were identified.Key information of included studies was extracted and the quality of each one was assessed according to Strobe Checklist and Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Results 40 papers including 37 studies were finally included in this review.6 studies were of high quality,while others were of medium quality.Most studies were cross-sectional survey.Two theories were usually as the framework basis and used to develop research instruments in the included studies.Some researchers used behavioral intention as an outcome variable instead of actual behavior.Subjective norms,perceived susceptibility,and perceived behavior control were the most influencing factors for behavioral intention;perceived barriers,behavioral intention,and perceived behavior control were the most influencing factors for behavior.Conclusions There are some limitations need to avoid in the future studies synthetically using HBM and TRA/TPB.Improving individuals' perceived susceptibility and subjective norms by extending the target population can serve as the common intervention to change health behaviors;further studies should identify individuals' perceived barriers and control beliefs of specific behaviors,and make responding interventions.

Objective To investigate the association between the expression of heparanase(Hpa) and the invasion of choriocarcinoma by studying the expression of Hpa in human choriocarcinoma cell lines JEG-3 and JAR and human chorionic villous tissues.Methods(1)Matrigcl invasion assays were used to detect in vitro invasive ability of JEG-3 cells and JAR cells.(2)Expression of Hpa protein in the human chorionic villous tissues and choriocarcinoma cell lines(JEG-3 cells and JAR cells)were detected by immunocytochemistry and western blot.Results(1)The invasive cell number was significantly larger in JEG-3 cells than in JAR cells(191?17 vs 106?13,P

Objective To explore the effect of psychological counseling skills on medical treatment and satisfaction degree of patients in hospital.Methods Toally 60 discharged patients during December 2015 were assigned as the control group and another discharged one during January 2016 as the intervention group.Training on psychological counseling skills was done for the nurses by the psychological counselor in the intervention group while the control group was not.The two groups were compared on the basis of investigation with the patient's consultation experience scale as well as the medical satisfaction questionnaire.Result The satisfaction levels of consultation experience and medical consultation satisfaction in the intervention group were both higher than those of the control group (all P＜0.01).Conclusion Psychological counseling skills used in the nurse patient communication can enhance the patient's medical experience and their satisfaction with medical treatment.

Objective To know the status of professional knowledge and comprehensive abilities among graduates majoring in health laboratory science of laboratory medicine through selfevaluation,and to provide a scientific basis for adjusting the education plan. Methods A selfdesigned questionnaire was used to make a census of 92 graduates majoring in health laboratory science of laboratory medicine. Results More than 90% of graduates thought that their abilities of grasping basic knowledge and technology,practising ability,humanistic quality,innovative and practical ability were improved through 5year study. 11.6% of graduates thought that their abilities of experiment design,9.4% of graduates thought that their ability of basic experiment operation,9.2% of graduates thought that their abilities of grasping speciality English,and 9.1% of graduates thought that their oral expressing abilities were improved. Conclusion Though good effect on students’ability training was got through the reform in teaching methods and talent projects,more attention should be paid to innovative and practical ability training.

Combined with the situation of preventive medicine teaching in adults this article discusses the teaching mode of preventive medicine in adult-upgraded education from talent training plan revision,teaching contents and teaching system reform,and practicing teaching mode construction,to meet the demand of development of modern public health.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of MRI features in the diagnosis of placenta increta/percreta preoperative-ly.Methods We retrospectively reviewed MRI of 39 pregnant women who were suspected to have placenta increta/percreta by the ultrasound previously.1 7 patients were defined as placenta increta/percreta according to the surgical-pathological results,while 22 patients were defined without abnormal placentation.We assessed the presence or absence of the specialized MRI features of placenta increta/percreta.The binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the valuable MRI findings for predictive of placenta increta/percreta.Results The tenting of the superior wall of bladder or the infiltration of adjacent organs were the most useful signs to predict placenta percreta,with the highest odds ratio (OR)value of 70,P =0.008.The low signal intensity bands on T2 WI and focally interrupted interface of placenta/myometrial were valuable signs to the predictive of placenta increta,with the OR value of 6.4 and 5.6 respectively according to the univariate analysis.On multivariate regression analysis,the low signal intensity bands on T2WI was independent predictive factor for placenta increta(OR 6.6,P =0.02),while the focally interrupted interface of placen-ta/myometrial was not independent factor (OR 3.1 6,P =0.1 75).Conclusion The most useful predictive MRI features for placenta increta/percreta are tenting of the superior wall of bladder and the infiltration of adjacent organs,followed by the low signal intensity on T2 WI.The focally interrupted interface of placenta/myometrial is useful factor.

Objective To study the value of unenhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in follow-up of liver carcinomas after gamma knife therapy.Methods 57 patients examined by MR imaging after gamma knife therapy were analyzed retrospectively,and compared with outcome of AFP.Results Lesions treated with gamma knife therapy on precontrast imaging showed 4 kinds of appearances:(1) Slightly low signal intensity on T1WI and slightly high signal intensity on T2WI.(2)Slightly low signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI.(3)Slightly high signal intensity on T1WI,isointensity and slightly high signal heterogeneous intensity on T2WI.(4)Slightly high signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI.The necrotic lesions showed sustained ring-shaped or honeycomb enhancement or patching enhancement in hepatic tissue around the lesions with lesions unenhancing.Recurrent lesions or new lesions were enhanced in arterial phase,followed by rapid wash-out in the delay phase.The rate of completely necrosis was 93.5% in small liver carcinoma group(

Objective To compare the differences between state-owned hospitals and private-funded hospitals in Shanghai on the introduction and application of hospital marketing conception. Methods Questionnaire and interviews were conducted to reflect understandings in marketing conception,advertisements,hospital brand,customers' sense of satisfaction,etc. Results State-owned hospitals were less concerned in marketing conception compared with their private counterparts,even less sufficient in marketing input or management. Conclusion The state-owned hospitals should update their conception and enhance their ability of marketing management.While the private hospitals need to maintain the moderation of marketing and deal with the relationship among marketing,profit and development properly.

Objective:To explore the method of building the formative assessment (FA) system in diagnostics teaching and investigate its implementation effect.Methods:We planned and formulated the formative assessment system in diagnostics teaching of undergraduate curriculum. The correlation between the scores of the formative assessment and final exam were analyzed. A questionnaire survey on students' attitudes towards FA and an interview on teachers' perspectives were conducted. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Linear correlation analysis was used to compare the final exam scores with formative assessment scores, and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the scores of questionnaire items.Results:The scores of FA were significantly positive related to the scores of final exam ( r = 0.559, P < 0.001). The questionnaire analysis showed that students significantly valued the formative assessment superior to the summative assessment ( Z = -8.632, P<0.001). It was generally approved of the promotion of FA in students' self-direct learning and self-supervision and the advances in acquirement of knowledge and skills. Conclusion:It is feasible of carrying FA in diagnostics teaching which could provide better learning outcome and might have an extensive prospect of application.

Objective To study the feature of theta oscillation during working memory (WM) dysfunction in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Fifteen MCI patients (MCI group) and 15 healthy subjects for checkup (control group) in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January to November 2016 were recruited. The differences of behavioral results in visual WM tasks were compared between the two groups. Thirty four-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded simultaneously. Short-Time Fourier transform was used to calculate spatial and time-frequency distribution of power and spectral coherence of multi-channel EEGs. Results Compared with control group, MCI group showed significantly longer reaction time and lower accuracy in WM tasks (P<0.01). The analysis of EEGs revealed that the power of Fz channel was the biggest at frontal midline in both groups. And the power density of theta oscillation was lower at frontal electrode sites in MCI group than that of control group ( P<0.01), and theta coherence was significantly decreased in frontal region and between frontal-posterior regions ( P<0.05). Conclusion The absence of theta oscillaton in frontal region may be one of the important reasons of working memory dysfunction for MCI.