Objective To discussion on the effectiveness of the five-phase instructional method inmedical field teaching Methods Appling the five-phase teaching methods in Social Medicine and General Family Care courses,and comparing it with traditional teaching methods.Results The five-phase teaching method is more effective than traditional teaching.Conclusion To apply the five-Phase teaching method in Public Health Education can gain better feedback from students and improve the teaching quality.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of 800 nm diode laser for removing unwanted hair of Ⅲ-Ⅴ skin type.Methods A total of 114 patients were treated with 800 nm diode laser on 234 sites.Four sessions were performed at an interval of 6-8 weeks.Percentage of hair reduction was evaluated 3 months after each session by comparing the terminal hair count to the baseline values.Follow-up was performed 6-8 months after the last session.In addition,subjective satisfaction of physicians and patients was evaluated according to a four-grade scale and the satisfaction rates were calculated.Results After fouth session,97.01％ of patients had more than 40 ％ hair reduction,and 83.33 ％ patients had more than 60 ％ hair reduction.Hyperpigmentation was observed on 15 (6.41％) sites,and disappeared after 6-8 months follow-up.The satisfactory rates of the physicians and the patients were 98.25 ％ and 96.12 ％,respectively,with no statistical difference (x2 =3.33,P＞0.05).Conclusions 800 nm diode laser for removing unwanted hair of Ⅲ-Ⅴ skin type is a safe and effective treatment option for hair removal,with relatively less side effect.

OBJECTIVE:To a evaluation method for the measurement uncertainty for the content of Bisacodyl enteric-coated tablet. METHODS:HPLC external standard method was conducted for content determination of Bisacodyl enteric-coated tablet, and mathematical model for uncertainty evaluation was established to systematically analyze and evaluate the influential factors in processes of solution preparation and instrument measurement. RESULTS:HPLC external standard method showed the content was 97.8%,confidence probability was 95%,expanded uncertainty was 2.8%,and determination result was (97.8 ± 2.8)%,k=2. CONCLUSIONS:The established method is suitable for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty for the content of Bisacodyl en-teric-coated tablet. Regularly calibrated verification for HPLC equipment and strict control of the weighing process will help to im-prove the accuracy measured by HPLC.

Objective To comprehensively analyze the effect of low-dose radiation on the lens of the eye of radiation workers.Methods The papers dealing with the relationship between occupational radiation exposure and the lens of the eye were collected by retrieving documents of the domestic and foreign medical information databases with references to other papers.There were 28 papers finalized with 17 608 workers included in the Meta-analysis.Stata12.0 was used for Meta-analysis,Q-test and I2 statistic for heterogeneity test,and funnel regression method,Begg's rank method and Egger's regression method for publication bias.Results The pooling odds ratio (OR) opacity in radiation workers were 2.51 (2.01,3.13),4.03 (2.77,5.85),respectively.Conclusions Low-dose radiation may lead to negative impact on ocular lens under the current occupational protection conditions.The proportion of posterior subcapsular opacity in radiation-related cataract is higher than that in age-related cataract.It is important to strengthen radiation protection of ocular lens.

Objective To explore the inner relationship between the humanistic care of nursing and the four elements of benevolence, rites, confidence, harmony, and construct a theoretical model of nursing humanistic care based on Confucian thought. Methods Using semi-structured focus interview with 13 experts, the data was sorted, analyzed, encoded and refined, seeking to enrich the modern humanistic nursing care ideas and factors from the Confucian ideology by using grounded theory research method, make the theory research and clinical practice of nursing humanities phenomenon was closely related to the construction of nursing the theory of humanistic care model based on Confucianism. Results Obtained the cognition, feelings and ideas of the experts in nursing, humanistic care and Confucianism, and extracted four classification subjects:benevolence ritesconfidenceharmony as the spiritual core, carrier, code of conduct, value orientation of nursing humanistic care, and constructing a theoretical model of nursing humanistic care based on Confucianism. Conclusions The construction of nursing humanistic care theory model based on Confucianism enriches the connotation of nursing humanistic care, and provides references for the further study of nursing humanistic care theory, and instructs clinical nursing practice by nursing humanistic care theory based on Confucianism.

Objective To observe the combined poisonous effects of fluoride and aluminum on sex hormone of male rats.Methods Sixteen weaned SD healthy male rats aged two week were selected and divided into control group,aluminum group,fluoride group,fluorine-aluminum group,four rats in each group.All rats in the experimental groups were fed with corn collected from the prevailng areas containing different fluorine contents respectively for 90 days.Serum testosterone(T)and estradiol(E2)were detected.Results Compared separatelv with the control group[(3.317±0.635)μg/L],serum T level of fluorine-aluminum group[(15.994±6.558)μg/L]was higher(P＜0.05),but aluminum[(8.134±3.134)μg/L]and fluorine[(1.868±0.367)μg/L]groups had no significant differences(P＞0.05).Compared separately with the control group[(0.319±0.072)nmol/L],E2 level of the fluorine group[(0.172±0.030)nmol/L]being lower(P＜0.05),and it was not significant differences(P＞0.05)in the control group when compared with aluminum group[(0.282±0.012)nmol/L],and fluorine-aluminum group[(0.265±0.047)nmol/L].Fluorine and aluminum interacted with each other(F=9.82,P＜0.05).Conclusion The combined poisonous effects of fluorine and aluminum may influence sex hormone levels of male rats.

Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of heat moisture exchangers (HMEs) on the artificial airway humid-ification in the mechanically ventilated patients .Methods The related literature in the Cochrane Library ,PubMed ,Embase ,CNKI , VIP ,WanFang database and CBM from the establishment to March 2012 were retrieved ,then included the randomized controlled trial(RCT) and quasi-RCT on the effect of HMEs for the artificial airway humidification in the mechanically ventilated patients were performed the meta analysis by using RevMan 5 .1 .2 software .Results 19 RCT were included(involving 2 960 patients) , which were the random parallel controlled trials .The meta analysis results showed that HMEs could not reduce the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)(RR=0 .78 ,95% CI 0 .61-1 .01 ,P=0 .06) ,also could not decrease the hospitalization mor-tality(RR=0 .94 ,95% CI 0 .83-1 .08 ,P=0 .40) ,the length of ICU stay(MD= -0 .32 ,95% CI -3 .13 -2 .50 ,P=0 .82) and the occurrence rate of catheter occlusion (RR=0 .65 ,95% CI 0 .22 -1 .93 ,P= 0 .44) ,the differences between the two groups had no statistical significance .But 5 RCT reported that using HMEs could reduce the patient′s costs .Conclusion HMEs can not reduce the incidence rate of VAP ,mortality ,length of ICU stay ,occurrence rate of airway occlusion ,but can cut down the patient′s cost . Due to the risk of bias existing in all included RCT and the low quality of the obtained evidences ,more strictly designed and imple-mented RCTs are needed to further verify thse evidences .

?AlM: To investigate the expression of miR-181 in the lens tissue of cataract and the regulating mechanism of miR-181 on apoptosis of human lens epithelial cell.
?METHODS:Real time q-PCR was used to measure the expression of miR-181 in the anterior lens capsules of age - related cataract and human lens epithelial cell apoptosis model. miR- 181 mimic and inhibitor were transfected using Lipofectamine 2 000 to regulate the expression of miR-181, and then Real time q-PCR was used to verify transfection efficiency. Flow cytometry was used to detect the change of cell apoptosis rate.
? RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of miR-181 was significantly higher in both the anterior lens capsules of age-related cataract and human lens epithelial cell apoptosis model; the relative expression of miR-181 in lens epithelial cells transfected with miR-181 mimic was increased, whereas decreased in cells transfected with miR-181 inhibitor;the apoptosis rate of cells transfected with miR - 181 mimic was increased, while reduced in miR-181 inhibitor group. Each result was statistically significant (P<0. 01).
?CONCLUSlON:High expression of miR-181 is detected in anterior lens capsule of age-related cataract. miR-181 might play a certain role in the pathogenesis of cataract via promoting human lens epithelial cell apoptosis. miR-181 probably becomes a new approach for the nonoperative treatment of cataract, but the concrete mechanism still needs to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the effect of cell death by HIV-1 infection on gene 90K/Mac-2BP by RNA interference (RNAi) in U937 cell line.Methods We used human monocyte-macrophage cell line U937 as the cell model.Cells were infected by HIV-1 ( R5-tropic) 5 days, and then stained by PE-Annexin V and PerCP-7-AAD.90K/Mac-2BP in U937 cell line was knocked down , and these cells were infected by HIV-1 for 5 days.Then, cells were stained by PE-AnnexinV and PerCP-7-AAD.Apoptosis were examined upon flow cytometry .Results The percentages of Annexin V+cells without 90K/Mac-2BP knock-down were (16.27 ±0.30)% by HIV-1 infection.The percentages of them with 90K/Mac-2BP knock-down were (31.26 ±0.35)%, (25.76 ±0.30)%, (23.69 ±0.33)% respectively.The increase of cell apoptosis rate for HIV-1-infected U937 cells by 90K/Mac-2BP siRNA transfection was significantly greater than that for HIV-1-infected untreated cells (P﹤0.01).Conclusion The apoptosis of HIV-1-infected U937 cells was regulated by the expression of 90K/Mac-2BP.

Objective To determine,the clinical significance of serum myocardial enzymes (Mb,cTNI, CK,CK-Mb,AST,LDH) in the classification of the disease severity of non-cardiogenic critically-ill patients. Compared with APACHEⅡscore concerned as the standard diagnosis of the critical ills,these biomarkers were investigated for the evaluation possibility of the degree and the prognosis of the critical ills.Method Patients admitted to our EICU were consecutively collected for the research from April to December in 2005 and the myocardial enzymes,and routine serum biochemical test and APACHEⅡscore were detected simultaneously.All the patients were classified to three groups according to the APACHEⅡscore (mild group,APACHEⅡ25) and two groups (survive group and death group) according to the prognosis.All the patients were followed up till recovery/discharge or death. Covariance,Wilcoxon and x~2 were used for the statistical analysis.Results The myocardial enzymes rose when the disease deteriorated and the APACHEⅡscore went up.AST,LDH,CK,CK-Mb,Mb were significantly different in the three groups according to the APACHEⅡscore (P