High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) is a technique that ultrasound energy is focused on tumor target to function the treatment through the biological effects including heating effect, cavitation effect and mechanical effect of body to caused cell coagulation necrosis in vivo. Ultrasound contrast agent is one of the most important applicational agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). We discussed in this paper the application of ultrasound contrast agent in the diagnose and focusing of target before the treatment and the assesement of treatment of HCC. Considering the enhancement of cavitation effect, better acoustic environment that enhance biological efficacy of HIFU during the treatment of HCC, ultrasound contrast agent is drawing more attention as an HIFU enhancement agent.

BACKGROUND:It is suggested that glucose metabolism of frontal lobes,cingulate gyri and caudate nuclei in cerebral functional area of patients with depression is low,and the blood flow in cerebellum decreases.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of scalp acupuncture on cerebral glucose metabolism in depression by positron emission tomography.DESIGN:Randomly controlled and verifying experiment.SETTING:Department of Acupuncture and Aoxibustion in Nanfang Hospital and Center of Positron Emission Tomography in a Guangdong People's hospital.PARTICIPANTS:Twelve patients of primary depression,from Nanfang Hospital,Zhujiang Hospital and Center of Positron Emission Tomography in Guangdong People's Hospital from October 2002 to October 2003,were selected randomly with the diagnostic criteria of [F32] in the Third Edition of the Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disease.Among them,3 were male and 9 were female.Their ages were from 36 to 66 years,with the average of 48.METHODS:Giving scalp acupuncture in middle line of vertex(MS5),middle line of forehead(MS1) and bilateral lateral line 1 of forehead(MS2).All the patients received positron emission tomography examination before and after acupuncture treatment for 6 weeks.Then cerebral Regions of Interest,bilateral frontal lobes,bilateral caudate nuclei,bilateral cingulate gyri and bilateral cerebella,were chosen and their average glucose metabolisms were counted by half-quantifying analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Glucose metabolism of bilateral frontal lobes,bilateral caudate nuclei,bilateral cingulate gyri and bilateral cerebella.RESULTS:According to intension,all 12 patients with primary depression sults of right frontal lobes(2.91 ±0.34),left frontal lobes(2.96±0.26),right cingulate gyri(2.68±0.20),right caudate nuclei (2.61±0.39) and left cerebellum(2.55±0.18)were obviously higher than those of right frontal lobes(2.53±0.31),left frontal lobes(2.53±0.36),right cingulate gyri(2.34±0.31),right caudate nuclei(2.40±0.33) and left cerebellum(2.35±0.25)before treatment(P＜ 0.05-0.01).However, the results of left cingulate gyri (2.69 ±0.38),left caudate nuclei(2.66±0.01) and right cerebellum(2.50±0.27) were similar to those of left cingulate gyri(2.43±0.38),left caudate nuclei(2.45±0.21) and right cerebellum(2.30±0.34) before treatment(P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Scalp acupuncture on middle line of vertex,middle line of forehead and bilateral lateral line 1 of forehead could improve the glucose metabolism in depressive patients of certain cerebral regions,and it might be a mechanism related to improvement of frontal lobes,caudate nuclei,cingulate gyri and cerebellum.

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Aescuven forte in the young patients with craniocerebral trauma.Methods Eighty patients diagnosed with craniocerebral trauma were randomized into treatment group and control group,in which the patients were given Aescuven forte tablets 0.3 g t.i.d for 30 days and routine treatmentsrespectively.Barthel index, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)scale, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) and other clinical parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy by comparing their values before and 30 days after treatment.Results In the Aescuven forte treatment group, 35.0％ (14/40) and 50.0％ (20/40) of the patients showed complete response and partial response with the total response rate of 85.0％ (34/40) ,while they were 20.0％ (8/40) ,52.5％ (21/40) and 72.5％ (29/40) in the control group,respectively(x2 = 18.78 ,P ＜ 0.05) .The incidence of complications in Aescuven forte-treated group was lower than that in the control group.No severe adverse events occurred.Conclusion Aescuven forte is a safe and effective vasoactive drug for the recovery of craniocerebral trauma-caused neurological disorders and mental deterioration in young patients.

OBJECTIVE:To raise the competition power of China's pharmaceutical enterprises,make them adapt to the principle of WTO better,and finally to build a safe,effective,and convenient pharmaceutical circulation channel.METHODS:To interview the pharmacy-related departments and enterprises in22provinces and cities to collect the firsthand materials,and consult a lot of literature.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The government should enhance the macro-management for the purpose to build a fair,unified and ordered national market;enterprise should promote and enhance themselves to improve the core competition capacity;the trade association should play a role in micro-harmonization.

Anthracyclines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Cardiomyopathies ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Cardiotonic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; drug effects ; Heart Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Troponin I ; analysis

Objective To establish a quantitative method to determine the content of platycodin D,D3 and E in Radix platycodi.Methods High performance liquid chromatagraphy-evaprorative light scattering dector(HPLC-ELSD) method was adopted.Platycodin D,D3 and E were separated by C18(5 ?m,4.6 mm?150 mm) with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase in a gradient program;flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the temperature of drift tube was set at 113 ℃,and the gas flow(N2) was set at 3.0 L/min.Results The linear ranges of platycodin D,D3 and E were 13.78-275.6 ?g/mL(r=0.999 5),8.40-168.0 ?g/mL(r=0.999 7) and 12.02-240.4 ?g/mL(r=0.999 6),respectively.The average recoveries(n=5) were 98.3%,99.4% and 101.3%,respectively.Conclusion The method is convenient,accurate and reliable,and can be used for the determination of platycodin D,D3 and E in Radix platycodoi.

Objective:To detect the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in the peripheral blood of the patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection,and to evaluate the effect of sulbactam sodium/cefoperazone sodium on the formation of NETs.Methods:A total of 36 patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection (case group) and 30 healthy volunteers (healthy control group) were selected.The NETs formation of subjects in two groups was detected by confocal microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM).According to the appearance of neutrophils,the formation of NETs was classified as grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the number of NETs formation cells of subjects in two groups was calculated.The formation of NETs of the patients in case group were detected before and after treated with sulbactam sodium/cefoperazone sodium.Results:The number of NETs formation cells of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the patients in case group was more than that in healthy control group (P<0.05);while the number of NETs formation cells of grade Ⅲ of the patients in case group was less than that in healthy control group (P<0.05).The number of NETs formation cells of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the patients in case group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the number of NETs formation cells of grade Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05) after treated with sulbactam sodium/cefoperazone sodium.Conclusion:A lot of NETs with high antibacterial function can be formed in the patients with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection,and sulbactam sodium/cefoperazone sodium can inhibit the formation of NETs.

Objective:To explore the relationship between loneliness and attachment in college students and the mediating effect of rumination.Methods:Totally 545 students [239 males,306 females;average age (20 ± 3) years] were assessed with the Russell UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA),Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory (ECR,including attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety) and Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Response Scale (RRS).The structural equation model was used to research the mediating effect of rumination on relationship between loneliness and attachment.Results:The scores of UCLA,ECR and RRS were positively correlated each other (r =0.30,0.20,0.44,Ps ＜ 0.01) in college students.The inspection of the mediating effect found fit indices for hypothetical model were acceptable (x2 =16.69,df=5,NFI =0.98,IFI =0.99,TLI =0.96,CFI =0.99,AGFI =0.96,RMSEA =0.07).Path analysis revealed that attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety predicted directly loneliness (β =0.10,0.06) and rumination (β =0.05,0.16),and predicted loneliness by rumination (β =0.18).Conclusion:The rumination may be associated with loneliness and individual attachment and play a partial mediating effect between loneliness and attachment in college students.

Objective To observe the effect of the electroacupuncture ( EA) on the expression of cyclin-de-pendent kinase 5 ( Cdk5 ) in rats with muscle contusion and to explore its mechanism. Methods Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group of 4, a model group of 4, a natural recovery group ( NR) of 12 and an EA group of 12. All except those in the normal group had acute skeletal muscle contusion induced through a heavy blow. The EA group was treated with 15 minutes of EA daily beginning 48 h after the injury while the other rats received no EA. The model group was sacrificed 24 h after modeling, and rats from the NR and EA groups were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after the modeling to collect tissues. Hematoxylin eosin ( HE) staining, Western blotting and quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR were used to observe any histological changes, as well as Cdk5 protein and mRNA expression. Results The HE staining showed that the other 3 groups displayed larger a-mounts of muscle fiber fracture, dissolution and inflammatory cell invasion than was observed in the normal group. Compared with the NR group, quicker recovery was seen in the EA group as evidenced by faster muscle satellite cell proliferation and more new muscle fiber generation. The average Cdk5 protein expression in both the NR and EA groups was higher than in the normal group, and that of the EA group was significantly lower than that of the NR group. Conclusions Muscle contusion can increase Cdk5 expression in skeletal muscles, at least in rats. EA can promote the restoration of skeletal muscle function, probably by inhibiting CDK5 protein and mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate the cerebral blood flow in migraine without aura with three-dimensional arterial spin labeling technology .Methods From January 2013 to February 2016, magnetic resonance perfusion imaging was operated in 20 migraine patients without aura and 20 healthy controls by using arterial spin labeling, to determine their regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during migraine attacks and attack-free period.The significant difference was analyzed in rCBF between the two groups .Results The rCBF was significantly lower at the headache side during migraine period ( ( 52.77 ±5.97 ) ml? 100 g-1? min-1 ) than symmetrical side in the migraine patients without aura ((62.72 ±6.65) ml? 100 g-1?min-1 , t=3.780,P<0.01).The rCBF of temporosphenoid lobe in headache side in the migraine patients without aura ((53.97 ±5.87) ml? 100 g-1? min-1) was significantly lower than corresponding region in the control group ((59.21 ±2.35) ml? 100 g-1? min-1, t=4.449, P=0.001).And no significant difference in rCBF was found in migraine patients without aura under attack-free period. Conclusions Three-dimensional arterial spin labeling could quantitatively analyze the cerebral blood flow .Monitoring the perfusion difference in migraine patients could provide some references in the pathogenesis research and therapy.