Objective To investigate the impact of S518 phosphorylation in Merlin on the interaction with CD44 in vestibular schwannoma and the tumor growth.Methods Thirty-five samples of vestibular schwannoma were identified by pathology.Immunohistopathology and western blot were employed to analyze the expression and localization of S518 phosphorylated Merlin in the tumor tissues.Nerve tissues that were collected during other surgical operation were used 118 control.The expression level of S518 phosphorylated Merlin was compared with clinical stages,tumor size,clinical course and cystic degeneration.Immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the impact of S518 phosphorylation in Merlin on the interaction with CD44.Results In vestibular schwannoma,Merlin was phosphorylated at S518 and demonstrated perinuclear localization.The S518 phosphorylation level was much lower in the normal control nerve tissues than that in vestibular schwannoma tissues.There was no correlation between the phosphorylation level on Merlin and clinical stages,tumor size,clinical course and cystic degeneration.The S518 phosphorylated Merlin bound CD44 Was higher than wild-type Merlin bound CD44 in vestibular schwannoma tissues.Conclusions The affinity of Merlin to CD44 Was increased after phosphorylation at S518.Different cellular biological results might be triggered through binding to wild type Merlin and S518phosphorylated Merlin.

Objective To identify the impact of age and gender on cardiac structure and left ventricular function in normal Chinese by echocardiography. Methods Cardiac structure, valve flow velocity and cardiac function were measured by echocardiography in 15 692 healthy volunteers. Subjects were grouped by age at 5 years interval in population older than 5 years. Children under 5 years were divided into 3 age groups(<1 years,1-3 years,4-5 years). Hierarchical cluster analyses were performed for ages, based on indexes of cardiac structure and function respectively. Results Six groups (< 1 years, 1-3 years,4-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years, ≥21 years) were generated after the age hierarchical cluster analyses based on index of cardiac structure. Four groups (≤30 years, 31-50 years, 51-80 years,≥81 years) were generated based on spectral current flow. Six groups (< 1 years,1-3 years,4-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years, ≥16 years) were generated baaed on left ventricular systolic function and five groups (≤15 years, 16-30 years, 31-50 years, 51-80 years, ≥81 years) were generated based on left ventricular diastolic function. Cardiac structure index were similar between male and female in age groups ≤ 10 years and significantly lower in females than males in age groups ≥ 11 years (P < 0.05). Valve flow velocity was similar between male and female in various age groups (P >0.05). Left ventricular systolic function was similar between male and female in age groups ≤10 years but was significantly higher in males than females in age groups ≥11 years(all P <0.05). Left ventricular diastolic function was similar between female and male in various age groups (P > 0.05) and equally decreased with aging in both female and male subjects. Conclusions The cardiac development in Chinese population can be divided in 6 phases and becomes stable in subjects older than 21 years, left ventricular systolic function becomes stable in subjects older than 16 years and the left ventricular diastolic function declines physiologically with aging.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the heating and facial nerve preservation in the middle fossa approach surgery for the removal of small acoustic tumor (vestibular schwannomas,VS).Methods A prospective database was established,and data were retrospectively reviewed.Between January 2004 and February 2013,13 patients with acoustic tumor underwent surgery via middle fossa approach for heating preservation.The patients consisted of six men and seven women with a mean age of 48 years.Tumor size ranged from 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm.Heating loss was categorized as American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) class A,class B,class C and class D.Facial nerve function was evaluated according to House-Brackmann (HB) Grade Ⅰ-Ⅵ.Results Grosstotal resection was accomplished in 12 of 13 patients.Preoperative heating as class A in ten,class B in two,and class C in one patient respectively.Postoperatively,heating was graded as class A in eight patients,class B in 3,and class C in 2 patients.Facial nerve function was House-Brackmann(HB) grade Ⅰ in twelve patients,grade Ⅱ in one patient preoperatively.Postoperatively,facial nerve function was HB Grade Ⅰ in twelve patients and Grade Ⅲ in one patient.The overall heating preservation rate was at least 80％ (8/10)and HB Grade Ⅰ facial nerve outcome of 100％ (12/12).All cases were followed up for 0.5 to 5 years,no complications were abserved.Conclusions The middle fossa approach for the resection of small VS with heating preservation is a viable and relatively option.It should be considered among the various options available for the management of small and growing VS.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucose metabolism alteration induced by alloxan intraventricular injection on learning and memory abilities of mice, and its role in the development of AD. Methods Mice were randomly divided into high-dose alloxan intraventricular injection group (n=7, 4 mg/kg) and low-dose alloxan intraventricular injection group (n=7, 1.5 mg/kg)and control group (n=7, physiological saline); intraventricular injection of alloxan, the O-GLcNAc transferase inhibitor, was performed in the high-dose and low-dose alloxan intraventricular injection groups to interfere the brain glucose metabolism. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory abilities of mice. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the alterations of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation of neurofilament in mice brain induced by alloxan intraventricular injection. Results In the located navigation tests, the swimming time and distance to find the platform in the mice of alloxan administration were significantly increased as compared with those in the control group (P＜ 0.05); in space exploration experiments, compared with those in the control mice, the number of crossing the hidden platform was decreased and the initial angle of entry to water was increased in the mice of alloxan administration (P＜0.05). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry displayed that phosphorylation was obviously increased and the O-Glycosylation was significantly reduced in the cytoskletal neurofilament of the mice with alloxan administration as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05), which was similar to the alteration of neurofilament's modification in AD brain. Conclusion The inventricular injection of alloxan could impair the learning and memory of mice, which might have a relation with the dysregulation of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation in neurofilament caused by the impaired glucose metabolism, which is similar to the alteration of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation in neurofilament in AD brain.

Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups:those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass.Blood glucose alterations,operation time,and operation complicatiors were observed.Results Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass were both effective in the treatment of selected patients with type 2 diabetes.Compared with gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass,gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass had the advantages of easier implementation,shorter operation time,and fewer operation complications.Conclusions Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis is effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes.It is safe,easy to implement,and worthy of clinical popularization.