This review was made to compare the multimedia teaching results with traditional teaching results in medical universities or colleges.Two kinds of opposite viewpoints appeared:the multimedia teaching results was better or worse than the latter.

Objective To provide reference for the clinical application of preoperative autologous blood donation(PABD).Meth-ods 34 patients met the conditions of PABD,and underwent PABD were enrolled in the study.Five laboratory indicators include Hemoglobin(Hb),RBC,WBC,PLT)and hematocrit(HCT),and prepared blood volume before surgery,intraoperative and postop-erative reinfusion volume were recorded before blood collection and after reinfusion.Results In the patients who only underwent PABD(A group),compared between before blood collection and after blood transfusion(intraoperative or postoperative 24 h),all the five Hematology Index were statistically different(P <0.05).The RBC,Hb,HCT,PLT were decreased(P <0.05),while WBC increased(P <0.05).In patients underwent both PABD and allogeneic blood transfusion blood(group B),the five laboratory indica-tors showed a similar pattern:RBC,Hb,HCT,PLT decreased (P <0.05),while WBC increased(P <0.05).In the comparison be-tween the two groups,the five indicators before blood collection and after reinfusion were not statistically different(P >0.05).Con-clusion The effective of PABD application in surgical patients undergoing elective operation is good,which won′t cause harm to the patient′s body(reflected in the hematology indicators).However,in some cases preoperative assessment of blood loss is not accurate enough,result in the amount of blood collected before operaton not meeting the needs,which might impact the effect PABD.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in Chinese pediatric patients' permanent teeth at the mixed dentition stage by performing panoramic radiographs analysis.

METHODSA total of 4 347 panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients aged 5 years to 15 years who were admitted to the hospitals from September 2011 to September 2013 were reviewed. The presence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities were recorded as follows: congenitally absent teeth, supernumerary teeth, odontoma, microdontia, fused teeth, dilaceations, and cusp deformity. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe prevalence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in pediatric patients' permanent teeth was 31.79% (1,382/4,347). The prevalence was higher in males. Significant difference between the genders was observed (P < 0.05). Tooth agenesis, the most frequent dental anomaly (15.00%, 652/4,347), was considerably common in females; supernumerary teeth (12.61%, 548/4,347) followed, which was significantly common in males. Both differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of prevalence of both microdontia and dilacerations were 4.00% (174/4,347) and 2.16% (94/4,347). The prevalence of cusp deformity, odontoma, and fused teeth were relatively low at 0.74% (32/4,347), 0.51% (22/4,347), and 0.39% (17/4,347), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in children's permanent teeth at the mixed dentition stage is apparently high. Tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth are the most frequent. Panoramic radiograph is an efficient method for the early diagnosis of teeth number and morphology abnormalities. This method can assist pediatric dentists to formulate treatment plans for children at the appropriate time.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Dentists ; Dentition, Mixed ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Fused Teeth ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Odontoma ; epidemiology ; Patient Care Planning ; Prevalence ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Sex Factors ; Tooth Abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Tooth, Supernumerary ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Vascular Diseases ; prevention & control

Objective To study the proper desiccation and the expiry date for humidifier after disinfection, and then decline the incidence rate of infection in hospital. Methods Divided 84 humidifiers into the A and B groups randomly after disinfection, there were 42 humidifiers in the each group. The natural desiccation was used in the A group, the oxygen desiccation was used in the B group. Monitored the humidifiers of the two groups respectively lasted 7 days, and then compare the datum between them. Results The expiry date of the humidifiers which have dried by natural desiccation was longer than that of humidifiers which have dried by oxygen desiccation. Conclusion We should set down the expiry date for humidifier according to the different desiccation and the different seasons.

20 first mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =10).The teeth in experimental group were treated by fi-ber main post in combination with auxiliary pile,in control group by single fiber main post,and then were restored by metal crown.They were fixed in universal testing machine.The fracture load(N)of experimental and control group was (846.50 ±40.33)and (437.90 ±41.15) respectively(P <0.01).

Objective To investigate the optimal time to remove the urinary catheter in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy. MethodsPatients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy were assigned to group A (6 h), group B ( 12 h), group C ( normal control group) with 20 cases in each. Subject feeling, adverse reactions, postoperative bed time and days of absolute diet were compared. Results The incidence of bacteriuria in group A (35％) and B (30％) were significantly lower than that of group C (85％)(F=14. 80, P =0. 000). The incidence of hematouria in group A (25％) and B (10％) were also significantly lower than that of group C ( 80％ ) ( F =22. 98, P =0. 000). Conclusions 6 - 12 hours after laparoscopic adrenalectomy are the optimal time to remove the catheter. In this manner, it can reduce the incidence of bacteriuria and hematouria, promote the postoperative recovery, thus to reduce the cost of hospitalization and improve the nursing work efficiency.

With continued enhancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment, clinical assessments are deeper. More composite indicators are applied and evaluations are more "patient-centered". focusing on disease status and response to treatment, as well as the quality-of-life of patients as primary components, including the patients themselves, clinical staff, caregivers, and medical examinations, and other aspects of the evaluation. We reviewed the current research on the application and development of clinical assessment indicators for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and modern medicine, and explored its significance and the advancements in effective evaluations.

Objective To study the psychosocial behavior reaction,psychosocial needs,anxiety and depression among colostomy patients prior to discharge and to explore the relationship between them.Methods Totally 67 colostomy patients from 2 hospitals in Guangzhou were recruited and investigated by demographic questionnaire,Ostomy Psychosocial Behavior Reaction Questionnaire,Ostomy Psychosocial Needs Questionnaire,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 1-2 days prior to discharge.Results The psychosocial behavior reaction among coIostomy patients was in the moderate level with the mean score 2.15±0.27.The psychosocial needs were in medium to high level with the mean score 2.09±0.41.About 37.3％ of colostomy patients showed anxiety,while 20.9％ patients showed depression.Significant positive correlation was shown between psychosocial behavior reaction and psychosocial needs(r=0.565,P＜0.01),while significant positive correlation was also shown between psychosocial behavior reaction and anxiety-depression(r=-0.472,-0.319,P＜0.01).Psychosocial needs and anxiety could predict psychosocial behavior reaction positively(β=0.486,-0.375,P＜0.01).Conclusion The positive acknowledgement and reconstruction are the main psychosocial behavior reactions prior to discharge in colostomy patients.Patients with more psychosocial needs,severe anxiety show more psychosocial behavior reaction.

Objective To find out and describe the feeling of the family members who wag taking care of the patients undergoing renal transplantation in order to provide proper psychological support by medical professionals.Methods 11 family members were interviewed by opened questionnaires,and the data were collected and analyzed.Results The data of characteristic feeling and pressure were obtained from family numbers.Conclusions There is a need for extensive and persistent support to the family members,and the nurses should take characteristic nursing measures to help and guide the patients and their family members in order to improve the life quality.