Behavioral Research ; trends ; Child ; Child Abuse ; psychology ; China ; Crime Victims ; psychology ; Humans

Root stem of Anemarrhena asPhodeloides was extracted with hot water,treated with ethanol and dilutealkali to temove protein. The polysaccharide thus obtained was given to mice by gastric gavage. Result showedthat the polysaccharide can marked1y lower the blood sugar and liver glycogen of mice without affecting bloodlipid level. When given intraperitoneally, it also showed hypoglycemic activity- For alloxan diabetic mice, thepolysaccharide can also markedly lower its b1ood sugar by gastric gavage.

In recent years,zebrafish has become ideal animal models of human disease with its unique characteristics,such as small body,fecundity,fast development and growth,embryo transparency,and so on.Furthermore,the structure and gene of zebrafish eye are highly conservative with human eye,which make ophthalmologists to pay close attentions to zebrafish.This review focused on the studies and applications on zebrafish embryonic development of eyes,and also the applications of currently used genetic regulation and editing techniques and tools.

Rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) technology of interventional pulmonology includes“cytological ROSE”(C-ROSE) and“microbiological ROSE”(M-ROSE). Recently, this“ROSE”has gradually become one of core technologies in modern interventional pulmonology. In this commentary, perspectives on origin and development, classification and clini-cal value, operational approach, clinical application, and how to carry out effective work related to ROSE were summarized and remarked.

Objective To study the feasible prophylactic proposal for the periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage(PIVH)in preterm infants with the aim to reduce the mortality and improve the prognosis.Methods From January 2004 to June 2005,pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery and with gestational age of less than 35 weeks and their infants were enrolled and divided into five groups randomly.Pregnant women received antenatal intramuscular or intravenously injection of vitamin K_1 10 mg per day for 2 to 7 days were Group A.Group B received antenatal intramuscular or intravenously injection of dexamethasone 10 mg per day for 1 day.Group C received antenatal intramuscular or intravenously injection of dexamethasone 10 mg per day for 2 days.Group D received dexamethasone 10 mg per day for 1 or 2 days and vitamin K_1 10 mg per day for 2 to 7 days.Infants in the phenobarbital group received intravenous injection of phenobarbital within 3 hours after birth for 3 to 5 days.Infants in the control group received neither phenobarbital after birth nor dexamethasone or vitamin K_1 injection antenatally.Results PIVH was diagnosed in 17 of 40(42.5%)in Group A,34 of 63(54.0%)in Group B,36 of 70(51.4%)in Group C,14 of 44(31.8%)in Group D,they all higher than control group(?2=15.10,P=0.004).More infants in the control group had severe PIVH(Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ)than other groups(?2=9.527,P=0.049).The incidence of PIVH and severe PIVH in Group B and Group C were no significant difference.Furthermore,the incidence of PIVH was no difference in phenobarbital group(60.0%)and control group(65.2%)(?2=0.361,P=0.548).But the incidence of severe PIVH in phenobarbital group(5.0%)was less than control group(18.4%)(?2=4.04,P=0.044).Conclusions The combined antenatal administration of dexamethasone and vitamin K_1 can reduce the incidence of PIVH in preterm infants.Postnatal administration of phenobarbital can not decrease the incidence of PIVH,but decrease the frequency of severe PIVH.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholecystectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective The insulin pathways within ovary are in close relationship with female reproductive ability .The arti-cle was to observe the effects of ovarian insulin resistance on ovarian function and the effects of cryptotanshinone (CRY) on ovarian in-sulin resistance. Methods All mice were randomly divided into saline group (isotonic saline), DEX a group (isotonic saline plus DEX), CRY a group(isotonic saline plus DEX plus cryptotanshinone ), 10 in each group.The degree of insulin resistance was tested on each rat, along with the measurement of disintergrations per minute (DPM), ovulation rate and serum hormone level .After 20 fe-male mice were put to death , their ovaries were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank control group ( blank culture solution ) , DEX b group (DEX), CRY b group(DEX plus cryptotanshinone ), and WT group (DEX plus cryptotanshinone plus wortmannin ), 8 in each group. Murine ovaries in each group were cultured in vitro to test the number of ovarian glucose and the serum hormone level . Results After in-
sulin resistance took place in murine ovaries , significant statistical difference was found between DEX a group and saline group as to 2-deoxy-D-[1,2-3H]-glucose, liver, adipose and ovarian tissues (P<0.05).Ovaries in CRY a group increased significantly compared with DEX a group([2805.2 ±921.5]DMP/mg vs [1183.2 ±382.2]DMP/mg, P<0.01 ).Compared with DEX a group(37.5 ± 7.0, 5.0 ±1.8), the ovulation rate and the average corpus luteum in saline group (26.3 ±5.9, 3.5 ±1.6) and CRY group (27.2 ± 6.3,3.8 ±0.9) decreased (P<0.05).In comparison to DEX a group, the estrogen and progestogen levels in saline group and CRY a group decreased significantly(P<0.05).The expression level of AKT2 protein in DEX a group was much lower than that in saline group([0.39 ±0.01] vs [0.77 ±0.03], P<0.05).The glucose uptake in ovarian tissues cultured in vitro in blank control group , DEX b group, CRY b group and WT group was respectively (3447.2 ±1245.2)DMP/mg, (1183.2 ±382.2) DMP/mg, (2805.2 ± 921.5) DMP/mg, and (1364.2 ±292.3) DMP/mg.DEX b group decreased significantly compared with blank control group , DEX b group and WT group decreased significantly in comparison to CRY b group (P<0.05).In comparison to blank control group, the me-dium testosterone level increased and the protesteron level decreased significantly in DEX b group (P<0.05). Conclusion Tradi-tional Chinese medicine cryptotanshinone can relieve ovarian insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo , and it may exert insulin sensitivza-tion through PI3K pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on autophagy in SD rat heart during myocar-dial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Twenty-one male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows (n = 7): the sham operation group, in which rats underwent sham operation without tightening of the coronary artery sutures; the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion group , in which rats were induced by occlud-ing the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min , followed by 120 min reperfusion and 0.9% NaCl in-fusion at 3 mL/(kg·h) at 10 min before occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery; the myocardial ischemia- reperfusion- propofol group, in which rats underwent I/R and propofol infusion at 6 mg/(kg·h) at 10 min before occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery. Before tightening of the coronary artery, at 30 min post-tightening of the coronary artery and at 120 min post-reperfusion, HR、 LVSP and ± dp/dtmax of rats were recordedin each group. Atter 120 min post-reperfusion, the serum concentrations of cTnT was measured. The in-jured cardiac tissue was collected to investigate the ultrastructure change under the TEM and to determine the levels of mTOR and p-mTOR. Results No signifcant differences in HR, LVSP and ± dp/dtmax before tighten-ing of the coronary artery. But, at 30 min post- tightening of the coronary artery, compared with groupⅠ, the HR, LVSP and ±dp/dtmax were significantly decresed in groupⅡ and Ⅲ(P < 0.05). Then, at 2 h post-reper-fusion, compared with groupⅠ, the HR, LVSP, ±dp/dtmax and the level of p-mTOR were significantly de-creased, but the serum concentration of cTnT was significantly increased in groupⅡ(P < 0.05); but, compared with groupⅡ, the HR, LVSP, ± dp/dtmax and the level of p-mTOR were significantly increased, the serum concentration of cTnT and the level of mTOR were significantly decreased in group Ⅲ(P < 0.05). Conclusions These data suggest that propofol could heighten the level of p-mTOR, and attenuate the expression of mTOR dur-ing the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in SD rats.

BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cel s have great prospects in tissue repair, due to the characteristic of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, no immunological rejection and ethics controversy.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s towards cardiomyocytes and endothelial cel s, and their applications in the cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS:The first author performed a data retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases from 2000 to 2015 to search articles addressing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s towards cardiomyocytes and endothelial cel s, and reviewed the literatures systematical y. Final y, 78 articles were chosen for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Induced pluripotent stem cel s can differentiate into cardiovascular cel s through a variety of methods. Factors such as cyclosporin A and ascorbic acid C may improve myocardial differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s, while vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor may improve the endothelial differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s. Cardiovascular cel s derived from induced pluripotent stem cel s can be applied to build disease models in vitro, transplantation in vivo and drug screening.

AIM: To explore whether NF-?B activation participates in the activated Akt signaling-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. METHODS: We used two in vivo models of cardiac hypertrophy, namely, aortic banding in Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 weeks and transgenic mice with cardiac specific expression of constitutively active Akt (caAkt). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to determine NF-?B binding activity with nuclear proteins extracted from heart tissues. Western blots were performed to examine the phosphorylation of Akt and phosphor-I?B? with appropriate specific anti-phospho antibodies. RESULTS: ① The heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio was significantly increased by 34 5% ( P