The time-to-event index is a kind of common evaluation index. It measures the speed of intervention effect. It is different from other index in research design, source material filling, data checking and statistical analysis. To obtain the time-to-event index, investigators can fill in the table directly and statistical analyst can compute after clinical observation. When filling in the source material or data checking, it is should be noticed that the logical relation between the time-to-event index and the visiting point and between the time-to-event index and the correlative other indicator. When statistical analyzing, it is an important issue how to deal with the cases whose time-to-event index does not appear till the observation period ends. Understanding the difference clearly can make the time-to-event index evaluate the effect of the intervention truly and make the clinical observation results reliable.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Research ; Research Design

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of primary ovarian lymphoma(POL). Methods:A retrospective review was performed based on the clinical records of 14 POL cases treated at Tianjin Medical University Oncology in-stitute Hospital verity from 2000-6 to 2010-5. Results:The median age of patients was 47 years at presentation(range 28~62years). Ab-dominal pain was the most common initial symptom. The majority of histological subtype was B cell lymphoma, above 50%of which is diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A R0 resection was carried out in 2 patients who were lost to follow-up soon after sur-gery. 11 patients were treated by CHOP, FC or CHOPE chemotherapy. Chemotherapy combined with rituximab were given to 5 pa-tients. Until now, 5 patients were alive, 6 patients died, and only one patient was lost to follow up after therapy. Conclusion:POL is an extremely rare lymphoma. The ultimate diagnosis depends on histopathologic examination. Primary ovarian non-Hodgkin lymphoma should be treated with multi-modality strategies. Treatment with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy after oophorotomy is recommended. B cell lymphoma preferred to use rituximab combination chemotherapy. Abdominal cavity chemotherapy prophylaxis and irradiation can decrease the probability for recurrence .

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Female ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mouth Diseases ; Palate, Soft

Objective To investigate the role of serotonin transporter (SERT) in pathogenesis of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods Neonatal SD rats were divided into control group and IBS abdominal pain model group which was established by colorectal distension.The colon, nucleus raphes dorsalis (NRD) and prefrontal cortex (FC) tissues were harvested when all rats grew into adults. Expressions of SERT and 5-HT were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of SERT mRNA in colon, NRD and FC tissues in model and control group were 13.95±2.05 vs 8.65±1.33, 52.69±22.59 vs 13.82±5.71 and0.48±0.17 vs 0.17±0.14, respectively, with significant differences (all P values ＜0.05). The protein expression of SERT in colon and NRD,but not FC tissues,decreased in model group compared with control group (13.19±3.82 vs 21.35±4.49,2.47±0.44 vs 4.55±0.92, respectively, P＜0.05).Meanwhile, in comparison with control group, the expression of 5-HT in colon was significantly increased in model group (5.56±0.48 vs 2.68±0.22), but decreased in NRD and FC tissues (3.75±0.43 vs 7.46±0.72, 5.07 ± 0.80 vs 7.97 ±1.10, respectively, P＜0.05). Conclusions Low expression of SERT in brain and colon may attribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal pain in IBS.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of extended nursing intervention (ENI) in nursing ability of discharged patients with intubation of T-tubes.Methods Eighty-two patients with biliary diseases discharged with intubation of T-tubes were equally divided into two groups.The patients in the experiment group were treated with ENI and those in the control group were treated with conventional nursing.Each group received routine nursing and health education before discharge.All patients were followed up by a self-designed written questionnaire.Data regarding patients’ compliance behavior,knowledge of the diseases and satisfaction were collected and analyzed.Result Significant differences were observed between the two groups,the patients in the experiment group exhibiting better compliance behavior,their knowledge of their diseases improved and the rate of satisfaction higher (P<0.05). Conclusion ENI may be effective for the discharged patients with intubation of T-tubes to improve their compliance behavior, enhance their knowledge of their diseases and raise the rate of satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the integrity of package insert for 75 kinds of commonly used antiinfective agents for injection in our hospital and to provide reference for rational use of antiinfective agents for injection. METHODS:According to Drug Description Specification and Management Regulation for Drug Description and Label,the terms included in package insert for antiinfective agents for injection were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The package inserts for 75 kinds of antiinfective agents for injection were enrolled. The proportion of integral items were high while that of some terms related to clinic were low such as dosage and usage,medication for children,over dosage and skin test. The descriptions of PK,pharmacology,toxicdogy, ADR,et al. were very simple and different. CONCLUSION:It is suggested that items about over dosage and medication for special population should be detailed as well as usage so that package insert can guide rational use of drugs in the clinic.

The sonography of malignant lynmhoma in 96 patients since 1983 was reported.The patients were all examined by ultrasound with posifive findings and the diagnoses were proved pathologically by operations and/or biopsy.The incidence,clinical significance and sonographic nlanifestations of the lymphoma in different locations were discussed with review of literatures.The study shows that sonography plays very important role in discovering the location and extension of the lesions,helping to classify the clinical stage,drawing up the program of treatment following up the effects of tlle therapy and so on.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA)with ropivacaine plus fentanyl for postoperative analgesia after suprapubic prostatectomy(SPP).Methods Thirty-six ASAⅡorⅢpatients aged 62-78 yrs weighing 52-84 kg undergoing SPP were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 patients in each group:groupⅠreceived PCEA with 0.12% ropivacaine and fentanyl 1?g?ml~(-1);groupⅡreceived PCEA with 2% ropivacaine and fentanyl 1?g?ml~(-1) and groupⅢreceived patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)with morphine 0.2 mg?ml~(-1).Postoperative pain was assessed using VAS(0=no pain,10= worst pain).The degree of motor blockade(modified Bromage scale)was evaluated at 6,24,48 and 72 h after operation(T_(1-4)).Bladder spasm episodes were recorded.Side effects including nausea,vomiting and pruritus and the total number of RBC in rinse solution were also recorded.Results(1)Bromage score(0=no motor block,3 =inability to flex ankle joint)was significantly higher in groupⅠandⅡthan in groupⅢat T1(6 h after op.), but significantly lower in groupⅠandⅢthan in groupⅡat T_(2-4)(24-72 h after operation).(2)VAS score(0= no pain,10=worst pain)was not significantly different among the 3 groups without bladder spasm but significantly higher in groupⅢthan in other 2 groups during episodes of bladder spasm.(3)The number of bladder spasm episodes was not significantly different among the 3 groups within 6h after operation,but was significant larger in groupⅢthan in the other two groups during 6-72 h after operation.During 6-24 h after operation more bladder spasm attacks occurred in groupⅠthan in groupⅡ.(4)The incidence of side effects was significantly lower and the total number of RBC in rinse solution was significantly smaller in groupⅠandⅡthan in groupⅢConclusion PCEA with 0.12% or 2% ropivacaine plus fentanyl can effectively reduce the number of bladder spasm attack and postoperative bladder bleeding.Different concentrations of ropivacaine should be used for PCEA during different postoperative periods.

Arsenic ; urine ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Formamides ; analysis ; Humans ; Urinalysis ; methods