Objective To identify risk factors associated with repeat use of pulmonary surfactant ( PS) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome ( RDS ) in the term and near-term neonate. Methods There were 130term and near-term new borns with RDS who were treated with pulmonary surfactant were enrolled. These infants were categorized into two groups: single-dose group (85 cases) and repeat-dose group (45 cases). The differences in basic information were compared between the two groups, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for repeat use of pulmonary surfactant.Results TherepeatutilizationrateofPSwas34.6℅.The incidence of asphyxia,maternal gestational hypertension, X-ray RDS grade 3-4, the age of first dose PS,respiratory support time in the repeat-dose group was significantly higher than in the single-dose group (P<0. 05). PaO2/FiO2 and the cure rate in the repeat-dose group were significantly lower than in single-dose group ( P<0. 05 ) . The incidence of sepsis, pulmonary hemorrhage, shock and patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA) in the repeat-dose group was significantly higher than in the single-dose group ( P<0. 05). Further logistic regression analysis showed that birth asphyxia ( OR=5. 674 , 95℅CI 1. 378 -23. 354 , the age of first dose of PS (OR=1.092, 95℅CI 1.002 -1.191)and PDA(OR =23.499, 95℅CI 2.348 -235.152)were the independent risk factors for repeat use of pulmonary surfactant.Conclusions Birth asphyxia,the age of first dose PS and PDA are the risk factors for repeat use of pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of RDS in the term and near -term neonate.

AIM: To investigate whether a consensus oligonucleotide, which contains nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) binding site, decreases TNF production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). METHODS: The thiophosphoric acid modified oligonucleotides were transferred into rat peritoneal macrophages directly, TNF content in LPS-stimulated cell culture supernatant was determined by ELISA.RESULTS: Adding the consensus oligonucleotides with NF-?B binding site into macrophages markedly decreased TNF production following LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION: These results show that use of the consensus oligonucleotides with NF-?B binding site, which can combine with NF-?B, can block or decrease TNF production induced by LPS in macrophages.

Objective: To determine strychnine content of Jinqianbaihuashe Medicinal Wine. Methods: The dual wavelength spectrophotometry was adopted. Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.6～ 14.4?g?mL -1 of strychnine. The average recovery rate was 99.35%. RSD was 0.74%(n=7). Conclusion: The method is reproducible, sensitive and prevent from the interference of other components.

Objective To observe the effect of different thyroid hormone level on the expression of synaptotagmin Ⅰ(Syt Ⅰ) in adult rat hippocampus. Methods All 28 adult male SD rats were assigned randomly into hypothyroid, hyperthyroid and control group, hypothyroid group was established by daily intraperitoneal injections with propylthiou raci(PTU, 10.0 mg/kg body weight) for 6 weeks and hyperthyroid group with L-Thyroxine (L-T4, 0.5 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks. Radioimmunity method was used to assay the levels of serum T3 and T4, immunohistochemical S-P technology to assay the levels of Syt Ⅰ protein in hippoeampus CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG). The layers analyzed in the different subfields include the polymorphic cell layer(the stratum oriens, SO), pyramidal cell layer(PCL), stratum radiatum (SR), lacunosum-molecular layer (SLM) in CA1 and CA3, granular cell layer(GL) and molecular layer(ML) in DG. Results The levels of serum T3 and T4[(0.34±0.12), (41.03± 11.37)nmol/L]in the hypothyroid rats were significantly lower than those in the control group[(0.65±0.15), (55.20±10.68)nmol/L, P < 0.01 or < 0.05], and the positive granule of Syt Ⅰ was significantly lower in PCL and SR of CA1 and CA3, GL of DG. The average optical value responsible for Syt Ⅰ immunoreactivity was obviously reduced in SO(0.048±0.007), PCL(0.299±0.035), SR(0.042±0.007), SLM(0.038±0.006) of CA1, PCL(0.085± 0.019), SR(0.040±0.011), SLM (0.038±0.006) of CA3, GL (0.076±0.019) of DG than normal controls (0.068± 0.014, 0.376±0.053, 0.053±0.008,0.056±0.009,0.118±0.026,0.052±0.010,0.053±0.009,0.099±0.015; P< 0.01 or < 0.05). Serum T3 and T4 levels [(1.43±0.30), (157.18±19.95)nmol/L]of hyperthyroid rats were significantly higher than those of control group(P < 0.01). The value was reduced in PCL(0.322±0.050), SR(0.039±0.006), SLM (0.042±0.006) of CA1, PCL(0.098±0.034), SR(0.046±0.013), SLM(0.046±0.010) of CA3 and GL(0.085± 0.024), ML (0.042±0.009) of DG (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusion Adult-onset of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can reversibly decrease the expression of Syt Ⅰ in CA1, CA3 and DG regions of hippocampus.

OBJECTIVETo analyze medication laws of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment in hypertension patients with yin deficiency yang hyperactivity syndrome.

METHODSChina National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, Jan. 1979-Dec 2014), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP, Jan 1989-Dec2014), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM, Jan.1978-Dec.2014), Wanfang Database (Jan 1990-Dec 2014) were retrieved by using "hypertension", "CM", "Chinese herbs", "syndrome" as keywords. Totally 149 literatures concerning CM treatment for hypertension patients with yin deficiency yanghyperactivity syndrome were included in this study. The herbs database was established by SPSS20.0,and correlation laws were analyzed by SAS9.3. With the Pajek3.1, results were presented visually withcomplex networks.

RESULTSThere were 149 literatures including 131 kinds of herbs with 1,598 frequencies. The conventional compatibility program of herbs for asthenic yin and predominant yang syndrome of hypertension were two toothed achyranthes root, tall gastrodia rhizome, Cassia obtusifolia L., eucommiabark, baikal skullcap root, and so on, about 29 kinds. Of them, core herbs were two toothed achyranthes root, tall gastrodia rhizome, Cassia obtusifolia L., poria, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, oriental water-plantain tuber, asiatic cornelian cherry fruit, Uncariae Rhynchophylla, common yam rhizome, the rootbark of the peony tree, and so on.

CONCLUSIONMedication laws of CM treatment in hypertension patientswith yin deficiency yang hyperactivity syndrome obtained by analysis of complex networks reflected thetherapeutics of nourishing yin to suppress yang, which could further provide reference for clinical studies.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension ; therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yin Deficiency ; therapy ; Yin-Yang

Objective To investigate the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)variation in folate metabolism pathway genes and its interaction with environmental risk factors to the etiology of NTD. Methods In 275 families from central China, a total of 278 aborted fetal tissues or blood samples were collected from NTD individuals, 478 maternal and/or paternal blood samples were also obtained as controls. Folate supplementation, maternal diabetes mellitus and medication before pregnancy and during the first trimester of pregnancy were investigated. SNP analyses of all samples were performed by CEQ 8800. Case-parent control study and transmission/disequilibrium tests (TDT) were performed according to environmental cofactors stratification to evaluated 28 SNP in 12 folate pathway genes associated with human NTD. Results Only gene MTHFR rs1801133 was significantly associated with NTD, and synergistic effects of environmental risk factors (no folate supplementation and maternal diabetes) were shown on the occurrence of NTD. Linkage disequilibrium between BHMT rs3733890 and NTD existed in case of no folate supplementation,whereas the genotype alone did not contribute to the etiology of NTD. Other SNP were not significantly associated with NTD. Conclusions MTHFR rs1801133 is a risk factor of NTD, but BHMT rs3733890 is not an independent risk factor. Further investigations in folate and methionine cycle genes are requird in larger scale to enclose the interactions between gene and gene, or gene and environmental factors.

Objective To analyze the relationship between collateral status and clinical manifestations or prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of internal carotid artery.Methods 181 patients with acute cerebral infarction in internal carotid arterial were selected.According to the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) standard,the degree of carotid stenosis was divided into 5 grades.All patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the status of collateral circulation formation evaluated with the Regional Lepomeningeal Score(rLMC).The correlations were observed between the degree of carotid stenosis and the compensation level of collateral circulation,and the compensation level of collateral circulation and cerebral infarct volume,and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) on admission and the Activity of Daily Living(ADL) score at 3 months after stroke onset.Results The degree of carotid stenosis positively correlated with the compensation level of collateral circulation (r=0.724,P<0.01).The compensation level of collateral circulation negatively correlated with infarct volume (r=-0.313,P<0.01) and NIHSS score on admission (r=-0.504,P<0.01),but positively correlated with ADL score at 3 months after stroke onset (r=0.370,P<0.01).Diabetes was risk factor for the formation of moderate (OR=1.361,95%CI=1.145-1.902,P=0.029) collateral circulation,and hyperlipemia was risk factor for the establishment of moderate (OR=1.050,95%CI=1.011-1.219,P<0.01) or poor (OR=1.048,95%CI=1.010-1.225,P<0.01) collateral circulation.Conclusion The compensation level of collateral circulation positively correlates with the severity of carotid stenosis.Diabetes and Hyperlipemia are risk factors for the formation of collateral circulation.The improvement in the status of collateral circulation can significantly reduce infarct volume and improve prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of internal carotid artery.

Objective To evaluate the curative effects of portal vein tumor emboli(PVTE)of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by CT-guided percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI).Methods Absolute ethanol was injected into the tumor embolus of portal vein guided by CT in twenty patients with hepatocellular carcinomas.The procedure was carried out one or two times each week one to three times as a course and one to two courses for a patient.The interval between two courses was one month and the patients were followed up for 6 months-5 years.Results Among the twenty patients,17(85%)were improved in different degrees after the treatment,with disappearence of the tumor emboli in 2(10%)and size stability or even smaller in 15 (75%),and finally no response in 3(15%).Conclusions CT-guided PEI is an effective method for patient with PVTE and proper selection of patient for the procedure is the key to obtain better curative effects.

Objective To evaluate the effect of percutaneous transhepatic obliteration(PTO)of gastroesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.Methods Fifty-six cirrhotic patients suffering from gastroesophageal varices were treated with PTO,including 35 during emergency bleeding,10 after stoppage of hemorrhage and 11 with severe gastroesophageal varices for prevention of bleeding.Results Catheterization and embolization of gastroesophageal varices were successfully performed in all 56 patients(100%).Bleeding stopped after PTO as an emergency treatment was achieved in 35 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Among them,PTO was performed in 11 patients for preventing variceal hemorrhage,gastroesophageal varices disappeared in 7 and alleviation was obtained evidently in 4.47 patients were followed up for 2-60 months with recurrent bleeding in 5,death in 4 on causes of rebleeding of alimentary tract(1 case),hepatic failure(1 case), hepatocellular carcinoma(2 cases).Conclusion PTO is a safe and effective treatment for gastroesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients and should be recommended extensively.

AIM To optimize the decolorization technique for Boletus edulis polysaccharides and to evaluate the antioxidant activity.METHODS With decolorization temperature,resin consumption,polysaccharide concentration and decolorization time as influencing factors,decolorization rate and polysaccharide recovery rate as evaluation indices,orthogonal test was applied to optimizing the decolorization technique on the basis of single factor test.Then the antioxidant activity was determined by Fe2+ chelating power,hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity and reducing power tests.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 30 ℃ for decolorization temperature,7.5 g/100 mg polysaccharides for S8 resin consumption,1 g/L for polysaccharide concentration,and 2 h for decolorization time,the decolorization rate and polysaccharide recovery rate were 89.34％ and 49.26％,respectively.The polysaccharides demonstrated strong Fe2+ chelating power and hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity with weak Fe3+ reduction power.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the decolorization for Boletus edulis polysaccharides with good antioxidant activity.