Dust ; Humans ; Iron ; Mining ; Noise, Occupational ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Vibration

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Huatuo Zaizao extractum (HTZZ) on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) neurogenesis in rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and its mechanism.

METHODTotally 55 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham operation group, the MCAO model group and HTZZ high, middle and low dose groups (5, 2.5, 1.25 g x kg(-1)), with 11 rats in each group, and orally administered with drugs. The focal cerebral ischemia model was established by performing a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, 90 min) followed by a seven-day reperfusion (once a day). The neurogenesis and expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were detected by the immunofluorescent staining. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to determine the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

RESULTMCAO (90 min) followed by a seven-day reperfusion resulted in the significant increase in the number of penumbra cortex newborn neurons (BrdU(+) -NeuN(+)), which was accompanied by the growth of ERK and CREB phosphorylation and VEGF and BDNF levels. HTZZ could promote the generation of newborn neurons (BrdU(+)-NeuN(+)) and the ERK and CREB phosphorylation and increase VEGF and BDNF levels at the ischemic side.

CONCLUSIONHTZZ could promote the neurogenesis, which may be the interventional targets of effective traditional Chinese medicine Huatuo Zaizao extractum in promoting the self-repair function of the cerebral ischemic areas.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Neurogenesis ; drug effects ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo modify a percutaneous transpedical interbody bone grafting apparatus for better surgical performance in transpedical interbody bone grafting.

METHODSThe puncture needle, guide pin and expander were removed from the original design of interbody bone grafting apparatus, with also modification of the bone grafting funnel, obturator, wick and bone harvesting device. Percutaneous puncture and transpedical interbody bone grafting were performed using the modified apparatus on two cadavers, and the operative procedures, bone grafting scope and surgical trauma were observed.

RESULTSThis modified apparatus allowed increased bone grafting scope with shortened operative time, simplified operation procedures, and reduced surgical trauma.

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous puncture and transpedical interbody bone grafting can be easily and safely performed with the modified apparatus.

Bone Transplantation ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cadaver ; Female ; Humans ; Skin ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the methods of early etiological diagnosis and principles of endovascular embolization in Hunt-Hess Ⅳ—Ⅴ grade subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.Methods Thirty-one patients underwent imaging examinations such as CT and DSA to make the early diagnosis of SAH.Meanwhile,Guglielmi detachable microcoil(GDC)was used to applying aneurysmal intracapsular embolization in the ruptured aneurysms,and efficient symptomatic treatment was adopted early postoperatively.The results were tested by ?~2 test.Results All 31 cases were diagnosed early and operated successfully.Among them,the aneurysm lumen was 100% occluded in 26 cases,95% occluded in 3 cases;90% occluded in 2 cases.There were 5 cases complicating with cerebral vasospasm.One case recurrent was cured with secondary complementary GDC embolization.Nine cases(29.0%)had permanent sequelae associated with SAH.According to the Glasgow prognosis score, the therapeutic efficacy was as following:6 patients were in grade Ⅰ,9 in grade Ⅱ,4 in grade m,2 in grade Ⅳ,and 10 in grade Ⅴ;10 patients died,and the morality rate was 32.3%.None of them exhibited re-bleeding with follow-up period of 3 to 68 months postoperatively.Morality rates were significantly different between the group with aneurysmal diameter of 11—25 mm and the group of 5—10 mm(?~2=6.60,P

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of amino acids in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in children with spastic or athetotic cerebral palsy (CP) by examining CSF levels of glutamic acid (Glu), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate (ASP).

METHODSCSF samples were obtained from 13 children with spastic CP, from 14 children with athetotic CP, and from 10 children without central nervous system and infectious diseases (control group). CSF levels of Glu, GABA and ASP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTSCSF levels of GABA, ASP and Glu in the control group were 13.04+/-2.19, 10.21+/-0.45 and 8.41+/-2.26 micromol/L, respectively. Compared with the control group, CSF GABA levels in the spastic and the athetotic CP groups (8.02+/-2.03 and 10.01+/-2.68 micromol/L respectively) significantly decreased (P<0.01), whereas CSF levels of Glu (20.99+/-8.15 and 28.77+/-17.62 micromol/L respectively) and Asp (13.53+/-3.93 and 14.02+/-2.88 micromol/L respectively) in the spastic and the athetotic CP groups significantly increased (P<0.01). There were statistical differences in the GABA level between the spastic and the athetotic CP groups (P<0.05). In children with spastic CPCSF Glu level was positively correlated to muscle tension.

CONCLUSIONSCSF excitatory amino acid levels increased, while CSF inhibitory amino acid levels decreased in children with CP. There were differences for CSF amino acid levels in different types of CP. The changes of amino acid levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of CP.

Amino Acids ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Cerebral Palsy ; cerebrospinal fluid ; physiopathology ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Tonus

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the prevalence, main manifestation and related factors of sexual dysfunction in male patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI).

METHODSA cross-section study was conducted by six hospitals in Sichuan Province. The prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunction were assessed by SCASF microsoft among patients with chronic renal disease. Logistic regression was used to examine and test the association between sexual dysfunction and other medical conditions.

RESULTSThe prevalence of sexual dysfunction was wider in patients with CRI than in those without. The main manifestations in male patients were decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Stratified analysis in uremia showed that the prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunction were similar between patients on haemodialysis(HD) and those on peritoneal dialysis(PD). The patients receiving no replacement treatment suffered more decreased libido and performance anxiety than dialyzed patients (HD and PD) and transplantation patients(Tx). The patients receiving no replacement treatment and dialysis suffered more erectile dysfunction than Tx men. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that the duration, creatinine clearance(Ccr), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin(Alb) were not associated with sexual dysfunction. The use of beta-blocker, anemia and depression were risky factors for decreased libido, and increasing age was a risky factor for erectile dysfunction. The use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)/angiotention receptor antagonist (ARB) and recombinant human erythropoietin(r-HuEpo) were protective factors for erectile dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONSThe main manifestations of sexual dysfunction in male patients with CRI are decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. The replacement therapy, especially transplantation, can decrease the prevalence or severity of sexual dysfunction. The genesis of sexual dysfunction is multifactorial, including age, physiological factors, psychological factors and medical conditions.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; complications ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; epidemiology

We analyzed the trend of flu incidence in Chongqing,explored the independent influence of low temperature on the incidence of influenza and provided reference for the development of influenza prevention and control measures and strategies.Based on the epidemiological data of influenza from 2010-2015 in Chongqing and the meteorological data in the same period of time,using the temperature as the independent variable and the morbidity rate of daily flu as the dependent variable,we use the propensity value to match the balance of pressure,air flow and other confounding factors,establishing four negative binomial regression models.Confounding meteorological factors were balanced by the propensity score.The negative binomial regression model was better than the corresponding model before matching in Chi-square test,Deviance,Scale deviance,AIC and AICC.The lower the daily minimum temperature,the higher the incidence of influenza.The influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of influenza is lagging,and the use of negative binomial regression to control confounding factors before matching may underestimate the impact of temperature on the incidence of influenza.In addition,low temperature may be an important meteorological factor that leads to an increased incidence of influenza.

Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Epidermal Cyst ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo determine the association between viral load of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

METHODSCervical exfoliated cells were collected from 18 186 women aged 17 -59 from six urban areas and eight rural areas when they were screened in the cross-sectional population-based studies from 1999 to 2008. HR-HPV was detected by the Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) system, and viral load was measured by the ratio of relative light units to standard positive control (RLU/PC). RLU/PC was categorized for analysis into four groups: negative [0, 1.00), low viral load [1.0, 10.00), moderate viral load [10.00, 100.00), and high viral load > or = 100.00. Cervical lesions were diagnosed by biopsies as normal, CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and squamous cervical cancer (SCC). Association between HR-HPV viral load and CIN was evaluated by unconditional multinomial logistic regression.

RESULTSThe HR-HPV infection rate of the population was 14.51% (2515/17334). 100.00% (29/29) of SCC, 97.63% (206/211) of CIN 3, 93.43% (199/213) of CIN 2, 75.04% (421/561) of CIN 1 and 10.17% (1660/16320) of normal women were positive for HR-HPV DNA. The median RLUs for the HR-HPV positive women with SCC, CIN 3, CIN 2, CIN 1 and normal were 320.85, 158.05, 143.70, 125.34 and 9.64, respectively. There were significant differences among the distributions of viral loads in each lesion (chi2 = 6190.40, P < 0.01). The severity of CIN increased with the viral load (chi2 = 5493.35, P <0.01). Compared with the risks of CINs in HR-HPV negative population, the risks of CINs in low, moderate and high viral loads were increased gradually [OR(95% CI) : CIN 1 : 9.01(6.31 - 12.87), 24.96(18.23 - 34.17) and 68.42(51.40 - 91.08); CIN 2 : 26.44(12.07 - 57.95), 98.53(49.54 - 195.98) and 322.88(168.62 - 618.27); CIN 3+ : 72.89(24.02-221.18); 343.58(121.81-969.09) and >999.99(473.38 - >999.99)], and there were obvious dose-response relationships (chi2trend was 3115.05, 2413.95 and 3098.57, respectively. P< 0.01). In each age group of the HR-HPV positive population,the risks of CIN 2 + in the women with moderate or high viral load were higher than the one with low viral load [OR(95% CI): <35 : 4.71(1.23 - 18.09) and 15.06(4.40 - 51.49); 35 -: 4.01 (1.62 -9.90) and 14.09(6.15 -32.28); 40 - : 3.06(1.52 -6.16) and 7.78(4.05 -14.95); > or =45: 3.50(1.36 -9. 01) and 7.57(3.13 - 18. 30)], and there was a positive correlation between the risk of CIN 2+ and the viral load (chi2trend was 51.33, 66.28, 53.64 and 51.00, respectively. P <0.01). The risk of CIN 2 + was highest among the women aged 40 - with high viral load [OR (95% CI) : 2.02 (1.15 - 3.52)].

CONCLUSIONThere is strong correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the severity of CIN, and so is the correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the risk of CIN 2 +. A moderate to high viral load of HR-HPV should be the major risk factor for the cervical cancer and CIN 2 and CIN 3, and there is a higher risk in the women aged 35 or older than the younger ones. Considering both the age and viral load could help the doctors to manage the screening women more effectively.

Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; epidemiology ; pathology ; virology ; Cervix Uteri ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; pathology ; virology ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; virology ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and mechanism of Huatuo Zaizao extractum (HTZZ) on focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) blood-brain barrier injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.

METHODSixty healthy male adult Sprague-Dawley rats was randomly divided into the sham operation group, the MCAO model group, the Tanakan (20 mg x kg(-1)) group, and high, middle and low-dose HTZZ groups (5, 2.5, 1.25 g x kg(-1)), with 10 in each group and single-dose duodenal administration. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was adopted to establish the rat focal I/R model. After ischemia for 90 min and reperfusion for 24 h, the pathological injury at the ischemia side was observed by HE staining. The blood-brain barrier structure was observed under transmission electron microscope. Expressions of G protein-coupled receptor kinases 2 (GRK2), matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were detected by western blotting technique.

RESULTAfter 90 min MCAO/24 h reperfusion, penumbra cerebral cortical micro-vessels showed edema, mitochondrial injury, vacuolation, membrane injury and reduction. Along with the changes, sub-cells of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in cortical penumbra brain tissues transferred from cytoplasm to membrane, with increase in expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. HTZZ could effectively recover cerebral micro-vascular endothelial edemaand blood-brain barrier ultrastructure injury induced by I/R, reduce expression of functional (membrane coupling) GRK2, and inhibit expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

CONCLUSIONCell membrane coupling GRK2 may be the effective target of Huatuo Zaizao extractum.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; injuries ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; complications ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Microvessels ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; metabolism ; physiopathology