BACKGROUND:There are a variety of methods for establishing osteoarthritis animal model, and different methods and different animals have their own characteristics.
OBJECTIVE:To review the status of the research on osteoarthritis animal models.
METHODS:The relevant articles to the osteoarthritis animal models were searched in Medline database from January 2002 to October 2011, with the key words of“animal model, osteoarthritis”in English by the computer. Similarly, Chinese Journal Ful-text Database was retrieved for related articles published in Chinese from January 2002 to October 2011, with the key words of“animal model, osteoarthritis, research development”in Chinese. Total y 423 relevant articles were col ected and 128 of them conformed the standard. At last 40 articles were included to review after ful-text reading.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The artificial induced animal models are the principal means to establish animal models of osteoarthritis and they have been widely used in the study of osteoarthritis pathogenesis, drug efficacy, cartilage physiology and pathology. Spontaneous osteoarthritis animal models have great advantages in the study addressing the initial mechanism of osteoarthritis, the biochemical changes of articular cartilage and the comparison of prevention and cure effects. Transgenic animal models have great application prospects on studying cartilage repairing mechanisms and testing a gene to prevent, delay or reversal the morphological changes. Accordingly the choice of models should be based on research needs.

Aged ; Atropine ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Muscarinic Antagonists ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Preoperative Care ; methods ; Quinuclidines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objective Determination of polysaccharide content in dried peel seeding watermelon, and its mechanism of lowering blood glucose.Methods The content of polysaccharides in dried peel of seeding watermelon was determined by the method of phenol-sulfuric acid.Mice were given starch and sucrose load,and the mouse blood glucose was examined.The inhibitory activities of seeding watermelon against α-glucosidase were tested by the colorimetry of pNPG.Results The calibration of polysaccharide was A=0.066 4 C+0.022 6, R2=0.999 5, the content of polysaccharide in dried peel of seeding watermelon was 4.45% (n=10,RSD=1.80%);50,100 and 150 mg·kg-1 of polysaccharide could significantly reduce the starch load in mice blood glucose(P<0.01);100 and 150 mg·kg-1 of polysaccharide significantly reduced sucrose load blood glucose(P<0.01);polysaccharide concentration in 18 mg·mL-1 could significantly inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase as the inhibitory rate was (73.19±3.45)% (n=10).Conclusion Seeding watermelon polysaccharide has effect on lowering blood glucose in starch and sucrose load mice, and inhibits α-glucosidase significantly.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Platelets ; chemistry ; Humans ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; blood ; Receptors, Thrombin ; blood ; Renal Dialysis ; Uremia ; blood ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the cleanliness of frequently touched object surfaces in a hospital and efficacy of intervention measures.Methods Compliance to cleaning of frequently touched object surfaces before and after intervention was surveyed by fluorescence labeling method,SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze data.Results Before and after intervention,6 800 items in 400 wards were investigated,compliance rates to cleaning of hospital object surfaces before and after intervention were 14.71％ and 54.76％ respectively(P＜0.001);differences in compliance rates to cleaning of object surfaces in common wards and special wards before and after interven tion were both statistically significant(both P＜0.001);after intervention,compliance rates to cleaning of object surfaces in wards and toilets increased significantly compared with before intervention,which increased by 41.57％ and 33.00 ％ respectively,differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.001);after intervention,compliance rates to cleaning of different object surfaces increased by 21.50％-52.00％ (all P＜0.001).Conclusion Scientific and effective intervention measures can improve the cleaning effectiveness of frequently touched object surfaces,which can improve the environmental quality of hospital.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)which were tested by immunity transmission turbidity in early kidney injury after elective percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods A case-control study was conducted.All 201 stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome patients undergone percutaneous coronary intervention in TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital,during April to August 2013,were enrolled in this study.Before and 2 h,4 h,8 h,24 h,48 h after the operation,the plasma creatinine of the patient samples were tested by enzymic method.Before and 2 h,4 h,8 h,24 h after the operation,the plasma NGAL was tested by immunity transmission turbidity method.Before and 8 h,24 h after the operation,the urinary NGAL was tested by immunoturdimetric method.The data were compared between contrast induced nephrpathy (CIN) and non-CIN groups.For normal distribution of quantitative data,t test were used and for non-normal distribution of quantitative data,nonparametric rank and inspection were used.Results CIN occurred in 8 of 201 enrolled patients,the incidence was 3.98％.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of the plasma NGAL in CIN,and the area under the curve(AUC) of 2 h plasma NGAL was 0.928,95％ CI 0.800-0.985,with the cut-off value NGAL as 109 ng/ml,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for CIN were 87.5％ and 100％ ;the AUC of 8 h plasma NGAL was 0.945,95％ CI 0.824-0.992,with the cut-off value NGAL as 96 ng/ml,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for CIN were 87.5％ and 87.5％ ;the AUC of 8 h urinary NGAL was 0.969,95％ CI 0.859-0.999,with the cutoff value NGAL as 91 ng/ml,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for CIN were 87.5％ and 100％.Conclusions The change of plasma and urinary NGAL is earlier to that of serum creatinine for the early diagnosis of CIN.It can be used as the predictor of early renal damage after elective coronary artery interventional.

0.05).CART vaccine at 10?g significantly depressed the analgesic effect of morphine analgesia (P

Objective:To study the antimalarial mechanism of benflumetol (B). Methods: Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to analyze the effects of B and chloroquine (CQ) on DNA content of Plasmodium berghei and pH value of the lysosome of malarial parasites. Results: DNA content of the plasmodia not treated with any drugs was not changed in 24 hours,while benflumetol could decrease the DNA content: the DNA content began to decrease 2 h after the drug administration and reached the minimum by 16 h, but somewhat increased at 24 h after administration. The pH in the lysosome increased 1 h and restored premedication level 4 h after benflumetol administration. Chloroquine had the same effects on DNA and lysosome pH of malarial parasites.Conclusions: The antimalarial mechanism of benflumetol is directly related to its effect to inhibit the synthesis of DNA.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for determining nucleosides (adenoside and guanoside) in Siweilingzhi Mixture by HPCE.

METHODAdenoside and guanoside were separated within 25 min using an 20 mmol.L-1 borate buffer with 30 mmol.L-1 SDS and 5% Ethanol (adjusted to pH 10.0 with sodium hydroxide solution), with an operation voltage of 10 kV, temperature of 20 degrees C and a hydrodynamic injection time of 15 s. Seperations were carried out in a fused-silica capillary 75 microns id x 57 cm (effective length 50 cm) with peak detection by direct UV at 254 nm.

RESULTRegression equation of adenoside and that of guanoside were Y = 0.0705 + 0.01707X (r = 0.9995) and Y = 0.0232 + 0.01864X (r = 0.9999) respectively. The average recovery rate was 99.22% (RSD = 3.66%) and 104.3% (RSD = 1.91%) respectively. Nine samples were determined with the method.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid and accurate with good repeatability and it can be used to determine nucleosides.

Adenosine ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Fermentation ; Guanosine ; analysis ; Reishi ; chemistry

Compound Wuzhigan capsules is a compound preparation composed of Wuzhigan, Shidagonglao, Gangmei, Shanzhima. A Randomized, double-blind, multi-center, positive parallel control designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of compound Wuzhigan capsules on anemopyretic cold. One hundred and twenty anemopyretic cold patients were given compound Wuzhigan capsules (test group), 2 capsules one time, three times a day, 119 patients were given compound Wuzhigan tablets (control group) ,4 tablets one time, three times a day; three days of treatment The study showed, the markedly effective rate and total effective rate respectively were 63. 3% and 80% of the test group. For the control group, the markedly effective rate and total effective rate respectively were 72. 5% and 80. 7%. The difference was not statistically significant. Compound Wuzhigan capsules can reduce the dosage, and get better patient compliance.
Adult ; Capsules ; Common Cold ; complications ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Safety ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult