Objective To investigate the risk factors of ischemic cerebral stroke after transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).Methods The clinical data of 184 TIA patients were collected.The risk factors of ischemic cerebral stroke after TIA were analyzed.Results Compared with no ischemic cerebral infarction group, the rate of elderly (≥60 years old), hypertension, diabetes, smoking and drinking history in ischemic cerebral infarction group (P<0.05-0.01).There was no statistical significance in gender and hyperlipidemia between the two groups (all P>0.05).Compared with no ischemic cerebral infarction group, the rate of attack time≥30 min, attack frequency≥3, course of disease≥24 h were significantly increased (P<0.05-0.01).There was no statistical significance in TIA types between the two groups (all P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed there were a positive correlations between elderly, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and drinking history and ischemic cerebral stroke after TIA (OR=29.799, 95%CI: 2.189-405.569, P=0.011;OR=0.649, 95%CI: 0.038-6.850, P=0.005;OR=8.569, 95%CI: 1.314-55.862, P=0.025;OR=0.158, 95%CI: 0.025-0.980, P=0.048).Conclusion Elderly, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and drinking history are independent risk factors for ischemic cerebral stroke after TIA.

Objective To develop models of epileptic discharge by activating group Ⅰ metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) or by blocking gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors on rat hippocampal slices. Methods Rat hippocampal slices were exposed to mGluR group Ⅰ specific agonist dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) or to GABAA receptor antagonists bicuculline methiodide(BMI), and single pyramidal cell in the CA3 region of the slice was recorded by whole cell patch clamp technique. Results Exposure to DHPG or BMI resulted in the induction of spontaneously occurring epileptic discharge in the CA3 region of rat hippocampal slice, and there was no significant difference in the frequency of discharge between them(P>0.05). Conclusion Epileptic discharge can be generated in vitro in response to a loss of balance between excitatory and inhibitory influences.

In order to improve teaching lever and explore teaching approach, the feasibility study on the combination of the problembased learning method CPBL) and the lecture-based learning method (LBL) was conducted in the teaching of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. The 2010 undergraduates in the major of clinical integrated Chinese and western medicine of five years were randomized into a PBL and LBL group and a LEL group. In the first semester, according to the basic teaching requirement, LBL was used to accomplish the teaching of basic theory. In the internship teaching section, the different teaching method was applied. In the PBL and LEL group, PEL was used, and in the LBL group, LBL was given. At the end of semester, the examination results of the theory learning and medical cases learning were evaluated. The questionnaire was summarized in the teachers and students. The final examination result of theory learning was not different significantly between the two groups (P >0. 05), but the result of medical cases learning in the PEL and LEL group was better than that in LEL group (84. 47±10. 72 vs 76. 00±9. 97, P<0. 05). The questionnaire for the students and teachers indicated that the result of PEL and LEL combined method was higher than that of LEL method (86. 27±8. 36 vs 56. 00±14. 59, P< 0. 01; 45. 89±3. 68 vs 36. 61±6. 41, P<0. 0l), indicating that the combined method of PBL and LEL is feasible in teaching of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and the teaching outcome is superior to the simple LBL, which provides the new approach to the teaching reform.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Education, Medical ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students, Medical ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; methods ; Young Adult

Anterior cervical plating has been widely used to treat cervical spine trauma, degeneration, deformity and tumor due to the advantages such as augmentation of cervical stability and promotion of bone graft fusion. This paper introduced the classification and evolution of plate-screw internal fixation system, analyzed the biomechanics of anterior cervical plate, and discussed its clinical application. Although the therapeutic effect of anterior cervical plating is favorable, there are still various complications postoperatively. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the anterior cervical plate from different aspects to expand its clinical application.

By using the model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated working rat heart,the change of free amino acid concentrations in myocardium and the effect of taurine on the heart were investegated. It was found that concentrations of 17 free amino acids in myocardium, except Cys,decreased,and that 20mM taurine was able to ameliorate the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart ;e. g. , the improvement of recovery of cardiac mechanical functions, the decrease in the leakage of LDHand CK from myocardium,in the accumulation of lipid peroxides and calcium,and in the loss of free amino acids in myocardium,as well as the decrease in the occurence rate of ventricular arrhythmias during the reperfusion phase. So, it may be suggested that exogenous taurine has some protective effects against the myocardial is-chemia-reperfuaion injury.

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxyenase 2 (COX 2)in carcinogensis and development of endometrium carcinoma Methods Immunostainings, westernblotting and quantitve reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) assay were utilized to measure levels of protein and mRNA expression of COX 2 in following five study groups: 25 cases with proliferative phase, 25 cases with secretory phase,25 cases with endometritis, 23 cases with atypical proliferative phase and 34 cases with endometrium carcinoma Results COX 2 expression of both RNA and protein in patients with endometrial carcinoma was higher significantly than patients with proliferative phase, secretary phase,endometritis,atypical proliferate phase Immunostaining score was 5 46?0 12 vs 3 20?0 18,4 78?0 12,6 10?0 25,8 70?0 93, average absorbent value was 0 75?0 23 vs 0 41?0 45, 0 56?0 31, 1 10?0 56,1 46?0 41;concentration of mRNA [(93?8) vs (65?11),(79?6),(299?11),(493?30) fpg/?g respectively] Successively the expression of COX 2 in atypical proliferation group was higher than normal endometrial and endometritis group The expression in proliferative phase group was higher significantly than secretory phase group ( P

Objective To study the effect of cell wall polysaccharide (CWP) of Thallus Laminariae (TL) on thrombosis and blood coagulation.Methods Thrombosis was induced by arteriovenous shunt,ligation of inferior vena cava and electric stimulation of common carotid artery,after intraperitoneal injection of CWP or nomal saline for 3 days.The weight of thrombus and the occlusion time were examined in the normal saline group and high-dose (100 mg/kg) and low-dose (20 mg/kg) groups of CWP of TL.Blood coagulation time (CT),plasma prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured to observe the effect of CWP on blood coagulation.Results Compared with the control group,both high-dose CWP of TL and low-dose CWP can obviously decrease the weight of thrombus and prolong the occlusion time,CT and APTT.High-dose CWP could also prolong PT obviously,the differences being significant.Low-dosa CWP also prolong PT,but the difference was not significant statistically.Conclusion CWP of TL can inhibit the thrombus formation and blood coagulation in rats.

Objective To evaluate the operation of laparoscopic splenectomy(LS),its safety and clinical effects.Methods Literature of the advances of LS were reviewed and analyzed.Results With the development of technology and surgical technique,the indications for LS were widened,the size of spleen plays an important role in the clinical outcome of LS.Conclusion LS has all the advantages of minimally invasive surgery.The application of hand-assisted technique is safe and feasible for giant spleen.With the accumulation of surgical experiences and technique development,LS will be extensively used in clinic.

Objective To investigate the gene expression pattern of metabotropic glutamate receptor- Ⅰ ( mGluR-Ⅰ ), D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) -induced rat hippocampal slice epileptic seizure model. Methods In vitro rat hippocampal sclice was continously perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 50 μmol DHPG, and epileptic seizure model was established (DHPG group, n = 3). cDNA microarray chip was applied to explore the gene expression pattern in DHPG group, the differentially expressed genes were screened in comparison with control group ( n = 3), and functional classification analysis was conducted. Results There were 206 up-regulated genes and 489 down-regulated genes, among which 67 up-regulated genes and 86 down-regulated genes differentially expressed by 1.5 fold, 6 up-regulated genes differentially expressed by more than 2.0 folds, and 25 down-regulated genes differentially expressed by less than 0.5 fold. Functional classification analysis revealed that differentially expressed gene function involved in protein binding (19 genes), molecular function, calcium ion binding and nucleotide binding. Conclusion Epileptic seizure and roles of mGluR-Ⅰ agonist may be related to various genes, which is a complicated process. This experiment provides evidences for further researches.

This study aimed to study the criteria of two-way referral between tertiary-care hospital and communityhealth-care service center for patients with cerebralhemorrhage and a protocol of implementation to promote its treatment and rehabilitation.The criteria of two-way referral between tertiarycare hospital and community health-care service center for patients with cerebral hemorrhage after surgical operation were formulated on a trial basis with mutual consultation by the department of neurosurgery,Shenzhou hospital affiliated to Shenyang Medical College and Hunhewan Community Health-Care Service Center,Heping district,Shenyang. Totally,91 patients of cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the hospital during October 2007 to September 2010 were recruited for the study,46 in the intervention group with two-way referral and 45 in the control group by self-referral determined by their family members.All the patients of the two groups were followed-up for three years.During the follow-up in the intervention group,40 of 46 (95％) patients could comply with taking medication ordered by physicians,ability of daily living remarkably improved by Barthel index in 21 (50％),physical function recovered well in 33 (79％),34 (81％) could insist in self-monitoring and 32 (76％) could visit physicians for regular consultation,all these being significantly better than those in the control group (64％,31％,28％,25％ and 25％,respectively) (P ＜0.01 ).Medical and rehabilitative cost for patients with cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 575 RMB yuan per month in intervention group,as compared to 2246 RMB yuan for those in control group.Two-way referral for patients with cerebral hemorrhage can reduce their medical cost and promote their better rehabilitation.