Bile acid efflux pump(BSEP)is the major transporter of bile salts secreted by liver cells into the bile,the variation and inhibition of which are connected with cholestasis and drug-induced liver injury.A deep understanding of the physiological and pathological function of BSEP IS achieved by analysis and summary of diseases.The paper briefly illustrates the structure, expression,regulation,substrates,inhibitors and diseases of BSEP,in order to provide further theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical treatment.

ObjectiveTo study the expression of telomerase of fibroblasts in the formation and development of scar,and to investgate the relationship between the telomerase activity and the formation and development of scar.MethodsExpression of telomerase was detected by immunohistochemical techniques in 18 specimens from granulation tissue,17 keloid,16 specimens from hypertrophic scar,28 specimens from mature scar,32 specimens from normal skin,and SPSS16.0 statistics software was used to analyze the relationship between telomerase and scar.Results It was shown that the positive expression rate of telomerase in the granulation tissue group was 94.4 ％,that in the keloid group was 58.8 ％,that in the hypertrophic scar group was 18.8 ％, and that in the mature scar and in the normal skin was zero. comparisons between groups,in addition to the normal scar group and normal skin group,other groups were statistically significant differences.ConclnsionsScar formation is a process with multi-factor participation,while telomerase activation is an important factor. Detecting telomerase activity in the development process of scar formation may determine the prognosis.Through the control of telomerase activity in the pathogenesis of scar may become a new approach of scar treatment.

Objective To study the distribution and sequence analysis of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene in cultured gastric parietal cells of rats. Methods The distribution of GnRH molecule and GnRH mRNA were observed out through immunohistochemical ABC methods and in situ hybridization methods in cultured gastric parietal cells of rats. After isolation of the total RNA from the parietal cells, RT PCR was conducted to obtain GnRH cDNA. Then, the products of PCR was purified, digested by the restriction enzyme of Hind Ⅲ and EcoR Ⅰ, and DNA fragments interests were cloned into pUC19 vector. The products of PCR were analyzed by sequenceing with Sanger's method after identified by PCR and digestion of restriction enzyme. Results Gastric parietal cells showed GnRH immunoreactivity, positive material was located in cytoplasm with negative nuclei. GnRH mRNA hybridized signals were also detected in cytoplasm with negative nuclei. The specific amplified band of GnRH mRNA was detected through agarose gel electrophoresis and gene sequence is identical to the GnRH which has been reported in rat hypothalamus.Conclusion Our data suggest that GnRH could be produced by gastric parietal cells of rats and may modulate physiological function of gastric parietal cells of rats.\;[

Objective To explore the optimal condition for the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro by using DMSO.Methods SD rat MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured,then induced by 1.0% DMSO for 24 h.The cultured cells were observed through phase-contrast microscopy.Immunohistochemical technique and laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) were used for detecting the expression of desmin,?-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT.The ultrastructures were examined with transmission electron microscopy.Results MSCs induced by DMSO were identified by the positive staining for desmin,?-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT.Transmission electron microscopy showed that paralleled myofilaments and a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum were formed.Conclusion MSCs can be induced to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells by DMSO.

Objective To establish a stable animal model of transplanted human colorectal cancer.Methods BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into orthotopic colorectal model group and subcutaneous inoculation model group by random number table,and separately inoculated with 0.1 ml human colon cancer cell HCT116 under the density of 2×107/ml into the orthotopic colorectal (with the self-made inoculator) and right forelimb pit subcutaneously.The mice were observed for 60 days to compare the tumor formation and tumor growth in the two groups.Results The tumor formation rate of all 18 animals was 100 ％ (18/18) in the orthotopic colorectal group.The average tumor weight was (2.78±1.86) g and the average survival time was (45.00±11.99) d.The tumor formation rate was 27.78 ％ (5/18) in the subcutaneous inoculation group.The average tumor weight was (1.74±0.82) g,and the average survival time was (60.00±0.00) d.Conclusion 0.1 ml (2×107/ml) human colon cancer cell suspension HCT116 inoculated into BALB/c nude mice orthotopic colorectal with self-made inoculator could establish human colorectal cancer animal model successfully.

BACKGROUND: The environmental change of regeneration of peripheral nerve fiber can accelerate the regeneration of nerve fiber and the recovery of nerve function. Physiotherapy can improve the local microcirculation of the injured area, and promote and stimulate the recovery course of trauma. Therefore, whether choosing different physiotherapies and controlling irradiation dose can speed up the regeneration of nerve fiber?OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different physiotherapies in promoting the regeneration of injured nerve fiber.DESIGN:Randomized grouping and controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Laboratory of Anthropotomy and Histo-Embryology Department,Peking University Health Science Center.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Anthropotomy and Histo-Embryology Department, Peking University Health Science Center, from September 2001 to September 2002. Fifteen adult male SD rats, weighting 185-220 g, were selected.INTERVENTIONS: The model of sciatic nerve injury was established and randomly assigned to 3 groups. Bio-spectrum group and infrared group with 5rats in each received the corresponding physical irradiation. Injury control group was given no irradiation. The slices of sciatic nerve at the operation side of the animals in the three groups were collected on day 14 after operation. The degeneration rate of the injured nerve fiber was observed under the optical microscope to make indirect assessment of the protective effect of physiotherapy after the nerve was injured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degeneration rate of nerve fibers at the breakpoint and at 4 points near the spinal cord ( 1,2,3,4 mm) and away from the spinal cord( 1,2,3,4 mm).difference in the degeneration rate of nerve fibers at the breakpoint away from the spinal cord in bio-spectrum group and infrared group as compared with the degeneration rate of nerve fibers in bio-spectrum group(68% ) and infrared group(89% ) was obviously reduced and that in control group was the the spinal cord in the 3 groups showed decreasing trend: the closer to the spinal cord, the fewer the degenerative nerve fibers. The number of degenerative nerve fibers was the smallest in bio-spectrum group, second smallest in infrared group, and the largest in control group.CONCLUSION: The assisting physiotherapy can decrease the number of regenerative nerve fibers, thus promoting and accelerating their recovery. Irradiation with bio-spectrum equipment is more effective.

Objective To study the efficacy of CPT-11 TACE in the treatment of unresectable HCC.Methods A retrospective review was undertaken on unresectable HCC patients receiving doxorubicin transarterial chemoembolization (59 cases) and irinotecan(CPT-11) in 24 cases from May 2003 to November 2011.Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier statistics.Differences in survival between the two groups were assessed for statistical significance with the log-rank test.Results Overall survival time was significantly longer in patients treated with CPT-11 compared with doxorubicin treated group (21.7 vs 14.5 months,P =0.042).There was no significant difference in time to progression between the two groups,but time to progression was longer in CPT-11 group than doxorubicin treated group (11.42 vs 9.46 months,P =0.091).Subgroup analysis showed that for intermediate-stage HCC,CPT-11 resulted in a significantly longer time to progression and overall survival compared with doxorubicin treated group (P =0.029 and P =0.014,respectively).There were no significant differences in adverse events among the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Chemotherapeutic agent CPT-11 in the form of TACE significantly improved overall survival when compared with doxorubicin for the treatment of unresectable HCC.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who were previously treated with PTCD.Methods From September 2005 to December 2012,47 unresectable pancreatic cancer patients with obstructive jaundice were enrolled in this study.They were divided into two groups.21 patients received after PTCD chemotherapy or radiation,or chemoradiotherapy.26 patients in support care group received only nutrition,analgesia and other related support treatment.Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier statistics.Differences in survival between the groups were assessed for statistical significance with the log-rank test.Results The median overall survival time of patients after PTCD was 7.19 months.The median overall survival time of chemoradiation group was 9.07 months,which was higher than that of support care group (5.52 months),P=0.017.12 patients received single therapy (either chemo or radiation),and 9 patients received chemoradiotherapy.The median overall survival times were 8.31 months and 11.15 months,respectively (P =0.325).Conclusions Post PTCD chemoradiotherapy helps prolong the survival time in unresectable pancreatic cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of titanium microplate to repair and fix obsolete cracky orbital fracture.Methods According to the diagnosis of CT scanning and three-dimensional imaging, 20 cases of obsolete orbital fractures were repaired and fixed by using titanium microplate along fracture lines. The microplates were placed according to the part nad shape of fractures. For the part of comminuted fractures, the two ends of fractures were fixed like a bridge. Results After the repair and fixation of titanium microplate, facial deformity became recuperative completely, eye-ball-movement and mastication function were recovered. During 6~12 months follow-up period, no reject reaction or cracking or dropping of microplate occured.Conclusions The titanium microplate can make orbital fractures rigid and internal fixed, and the procedure is simple and easy mastered. Therefore, it is one of the most effective materials in the repair and fixation of orbital and facial fractures.

Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; physiopathology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; physiopathology