OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of different root canal irrigants and cements on coronal microleakage and the interaction effects after cementing metal post-cores.

METHODSNinety newly extracted single-rooted mandibular human premolars were endodontically treated. Post spaces were prepared in the root canals, and Co-Cr post-cores were cast routinely. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 15) via a two-way factorial design method. The irrigant factors (A) included A1: no irrigant (75% alcohol wiping), A2: 3% H2O2 + 0.9% NaCl, and A3: 15% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) + 5.25% NaClO. The cement factors (B) included B1: zinc polycarboxylate cement, and B2: glass ionomer cement. The specimens received treatments based on the grouping of A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, A2B2, A3B1, and A3B2. All samples were sectioned longitudinally after being immersed in India ink for three weeks. The microleakages were observed using a stereomicroscope. The SPSS 13.0 software package was used for factorial analysis.

RESULTSThe mean microleakage scores and standard deviations were as follows: Group A1BI: (1,192.59 +/- 417.84) microm, Group A1B2: (1,317.38 +/- 527.35) microm, Group A2B1: (1,429.33 +/- 482.68) microm, Group A2B2: (1,026.79 +/- 459.49) microm, Group A3B1: (1,448.29 +/- 561.02) microm, and Group A3B2: (1,922.47 +/- 678.86) microm. The A2B2 group showed minimum microleakage, whereas the A3B2 group showed maximum microleakage. The microleakage degrees among different irrigants presented significant statistical difference (P < 0.05), but the two cements showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). An interactive effect on the microleakage existed between the irrigants and the cements after cementing the metal post-cores (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWhen cementing metal post-cores, the coronal microleakage following 3% H2O2 + 0.9% NaCl irrigation combined with glass ionomer cement can be reduced. The combined application of 15% EDTA + 5.25% NaClO and glass ionomer cement significantly aggravates microleakage.

Cementation ; Dental Cements ; Dental Leakage ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Metals ; Post and Core Technique ; Resin Cements ; Root Canal Irrigants

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of estrogen receptors (ER) in spleen of female BALB/c mice after injected with diethylstilbestrol (DES) beginning in neonatal period. Methods Neonatal female BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously on cervix-backside with DES within 24 hours after birth at intervals of 24 hours for 5 times. Control groups were injected with olive oil with the same method. Mice were killed on 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 35 days and 49 days after birth separately, the spleen was taken out, imbedded with paraffin and sectioned serially in 5??m. The expression of ER in slice of spleen was detected by immunohistochemistry technique. Results ER positive cells were present in both DES-injected groups and control groups. ER positive cells were mostly lymphocytes. A correlation between age and the intensity of positive reactions was showed in both groups. The intensity of ER immunohistochemistry positive reaction in DES group was much stronger than that in control group, and there was a significant statistic difference between the two groups. Conclusion The ER expression exists in spleen of female BALB/c mice and increases with the age of mice. The contact of DES in neonatal female BALB/c mice will lead to an increased ER expression in their spleens and this effect can continue to their manhood at least.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of kaempferol in Kaempferia galanga. METH-ODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Diamonsil ODS2 C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.4% Phosphoric acid solution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,detection wavelength was 367 nm,column temperature was 30℃,and injection volume was 10 μl. RE-SULTS:The linear range of kaempferol was 0.001 58-0.158 mg/ml;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were low-er than 3%;recovery was 95.52%-99.32%(RSD=1.47%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproduc-ible,and can be used for the content determination of kaempferol in K. galanga.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of quercetin and kaempferol inKaempferia galanga L..Methods ODS2 C18 (5μm, 4.6 mm×150 mm) was used as chromatographic column; methanol-0.4% phosphate (47:53) was the mobile phase; the flow rate was 1 mL/min; column temperature was 30℃; the detection wavelength was 367 nm; the injection volume was 10μL.Results Quercetin showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.016 5–1.65μg (r=0.999 7). The average recovery rate was 96.8%, RSD=2.02%; kaempferol showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.014 6–1.46μg (r=0.999 5). The average recovery rate was 97.3%, RSD=1.77%.Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, and with good reproducibility, which can be used for content determination of quercetin and kaempferol inKaempferia galanga L..

The patient,a 11-year-old boy,presented with a 4-year history of erythema and vesicles on the face and arms as well as a 4-month history of tumor and ulcer on the extremities,accompanied by progressive fatigue and intermittent fever.The patient had a body temperature of 37.7℃.No lymph node involvement was observed.Cutaneous examination revealed minimally indurated pink-red patches on the face and nose and dusky red firm nodules and tumors of varying sizes on the extremities.The nodules ranged from 2.0 cm to 18 cm in diameter,some had necrosis and black crusts on the surface.Ulcers were observed in some of the larger nodules;many of the ulcers extended into the muscle layer.White purulent discharge was seen on the surface of many of the nodules.The lesions were sharply demarcated,firm,tender, and surrounded by small satelite nodules.Histologically,there were large quantities of irregularly shaped, middle-sized tumor cells with clear cytoplasm,large twisted nuclei and prominent chromatin,infiltrating from the epidermis to subcutaneous tissue.The tumor cells infiltrating the follicles and eccrine sweat glands were either distributed perivascularly in a nest shape,or dispersed.There were broken nuclei and reactive histio- cytic infiltration in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.Immunohistologically,the tumor cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3 around the nuclei,for CD56,CD45RO and T cell intracellular antigen-l,and partly for CD30,CD8 and Ki67.Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear RNA was positive with in situ hybridization. TCR?-2 gene rearrangement was positive in these tumor cells.A diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma was made.Therefore,this is a case report of hydroa vaccini- forme-like primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma with primary involvement in the skin;the condition was slowly progressive over 51 months.

Objective To observe the migration ability of different quantity of BMSCs labled with Resovist after transplanted in rat models with Parkinson disease (PD) with 1.5T MR scanner and micro-47 coil, in order to determine the optimal transplanted dosage of BMSCs and observation time in vivo. Methods Forty PD rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (each n=8) including 1×10~5 BMSCs group, 1.5×10~5 BMSCs group, 2×10~5 BMSCs group, 2.5×10~5 BMSCs group and control group. FFE-T2WI were obtained immediately and 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after transplantation to measure and compare the volume of hypointense areas of different groups in different time with 1.5T and 47 mm inner diameter micro-coil. At the meantime, rotational behavior was assessed in each group. After MR scanning, the rats were executed and prepared for immunohistochemistry staining at 12 weeks after transplantation. Results Only the extent of the dark region became wider 4 weeks after transplantation in 2×10~5 BMSCs group (P=0.005). The therapeutic efficacy in 2×10~5 BMSCs group was the best confirmed by behaviour studies (P=0.02). Conclusion For the treatment of PD and evaluation of the migratory ability of BMSCs, the optimal transplanted dosage of BMSCs is 2×10~5, while the best observation time is 4 weeks after transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in renal tissues of patients with hepatitis B virus- associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN).Methods:Twenty HBV-GN specimens with complete nephrology data and 10 normal renal specimens were randomly chosen for the present study.Cell apoptosis was detected by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)and the apoptotic index was calculated;immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2.ResuLts:The apoptotic index in HBV-GN group was obviously higher than that of the control group;the apoptotic cells were mainly distributed in the proximal and distal renal tubules and the collecting duct epithelial cells,seldom seen in the glomerular cells.The expression of Bcl-2 in HBV-GN patients was predominately present in the renal tubular epithelia cells(positive in the plasma,membrane and nuclear);the expression of Bax was found in both glomerular cells and renal tubular cells,mainly in tubular epithelial cells,seldom seen in Bowman's capsule or glomerular mesangial region.Conclusion:Apoptosis in the kidney of HBV-GN patients mainly occurs in the renal tubular epithelial cells;expression of Bax and Bcl-2 is mainly in the renal tubular epithelial cells,suggesting that the injury of tubular interstitial damage may be one of the important factors for the development of HBV-GN.

ObjectiveTo study effects of oral administering alfa calcidol and diphosphonates on the bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsChanges of BMD of the 4th lumbar spine (L4), the proximal femur (total) and all of its subareas were studied between SCI cases of taking (n=31) and not taking (n=42) alfa calcidol. Changes of BMD between cases of taking diphosphonates (n=22) and not taking (n=24) were also compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences in BMD of L4, the proximal femur and all of its subareas between SCI cases of taking and not taking alfa calcidol. While there was a significant difference in BMD of the proximal femur (total) between cases of taking and not taking diphosphonates (P<0.05), and the reducing degree of BMD in the former is less than that in the latter.Conclusion Oral administering diphosphonates has a protective effect on SCI patients' BMD of the proximal femur.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of the mitochondrial DNA 12SrRNA A1555G and connexin 26 gene (GJB2) in Chinese northwest population with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss,and to explore the relationship between mitochondrial DNA A1555G and mutation of GJB2 gene. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 221 patients with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in Northwest of China; Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolated leukocytes ; Screening the mitochondrial A1555G mutation by PCR-Alw26l digestion and sequence analysis, PCR and direct sequencing were used to analyze the coding region of GJB2 gene. RESULTS The homoplasmic A1555G mutation was found in 21 individuals of 221 patients,17 of these 21 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides. Eleven different variants of GJB2 were found in all patients ,the disease-causing mutations of GJB2 were 44 individuals in these patients(44/221), The mutation 235delC is found in 54.54 % of all disease-causing mutations ; Among 21 patients with the A1555G mutation, 11 cases were found polymorphic change in GJB2 gene ,only 1 case had V37I heterozygous mutations ,other 9 cases were not found any nucleotide changes of GJB2 gene. CONCLUSION The mtDNA 12SrRNA A1555G mutation has a high incidence in Chinese northwest population with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss.The 235delC mutation in the GJB2 gene is most frequent mutations responsible for non-syndromic hearing impairment in this region .It is unlikely that the GJB2 gene is a major modulatory factor for hearing loss due to the A1555G mutation in Chinese population.

OBJECTIVETo observe the short-term clinical effectiveness of bone ring graft technique and to summarize the key points of related surgical operation to provide comprehensive clinical guidelines.

METHODSFifteen patients with severe alveolar bone absorption were selected to receive bone ring grafting and immediate dental implant. Final fixed prostheses were cemented five months after initial implantation. Cone beam CT scans were conducted on all subjects before the procedure, as well as four months post-operation to evaluate alveolar bone height and level of bone height and absorption around the implants. Four to six months after prosthesis installation, each implant's Jemt classification, gingiva attachment, and probing depth (PD) were analyzed. The difference of PD between implants and adjacent teeth, as well as the difference of the bone absorption between labial and lingual sides, was compared. The survival rate of the bone ring and the retention rate of implants were calculated. Complications and patient satisfaction were also investigated.

RESULTSBone graft survival rate was 94.4% and dental implantation retention rate was 100% four months post-operation. Average bone level increase was (6.06 +/- 1.06) mm, average bone absorption was (1.33 +/- 0.84) mm, and average bone thickness at the neck of the dental implant body was (6.94 +/- 0.73) mm. Approximately 4 to 6 months after crown restoration, average bone level increase was (5.62 +/- 1.03) mm, average bone absorption was (1.51 +/- 1.02) mm, and average bone thickness at the neck of the dental implant body was (6.77 +/- 0.72) mm. The PD around the implant body and the adjacent teeth was statistically insignificant. No major post-operative complication was observed, restorations were successful, and patient satisfaction level was high.

CONCLUSIONBone ring graft technique and immediate dental implantation are relatively simple to perform, and these techniques facilitate reduction in required treatment time. Short-term effect is reliable and satisfactory, whereas long-term outcomes require further follow up and study.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bone Transplantation ; Crowns ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Humans