Physiology course has become an important teaching part of non-medical professions in medical colleges,but there are no normative teaching textbooks and the corresponding teaching syllabus for these non-medical professions,which causes teaching contents chaos and affects the teaching effect.According to their attributes and characteristics,the research group explores continuously the physiology teaching contents suitable for non-medical professions,pays attention to contents settings which are common-sense,practical,systematic and flexible,in order to promote physiology teaching development in non-medical professions.

Objective To compare the risk factors of breast cancer in Ningxia Hui and Han women,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of breast cancer.Methods The female patients of breast cancer treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between May 2013 and July 2014 were chosen for case study,while other patients treated at the same hospital and during the same period who did not have breast cancer were selected as a control. An epidemiological survey was conducted using the same questionnaire among the two groups.The survey involved general demographic information,menstrual history,reproductive history,life habit and family history of cancer.Risk factors of breast cancer in Hui and Han nationalities were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results Logistic regression analysis showed that the abortion number(OR =2.631,P =0.028)was a risk factor for the occurrence of breast cancer in women of the Hui nationality,while physical exercise (OR =0.177,P =0.040)was a protective factor.Tumor suffered by immediate family members (OR =4.249,P =0.014),abortion number (OR =1.602,P =0.001 ),the age of the first childbirth (OR =1.253,P =0.001 )and the age of first marriage(OR =1.223,P =0.001 )were the major risk factors while physical exercise (OR =0.422,P =0.001 )was a protective factor against breast cancer in Han nationality. Conclusion The risk factors of breast cancer in the women of Hui and Han nationalities are consistent in terms of the total number of abortions and physical exercise.Compared with the Hui people,the age of first marriage,the age of first child birth,and tumor suffered by immediate family members also play a role in the occurrence of breast cancer in the Han na-tionality.

Objective To investigate the relationships between seven single nucleotide pdymorphisms(SNPs), including 6788895(SIAH2 gene), rs10941679(5p12), rs889312(MAP3K1), rs13387042(2q35), rs6504950(17q23), rs17530068(6q14) and rs2284378(20q11), and female breast cancer of Hui and Han nationalities.Methods A hospital-based case-control using age and nationallity as frequency matching conditions was conducted in Affiliated General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University.Results ①A total of 225 breast cancer patients and 225 controls were enrolled in this study.There was no significant differentce between case group and control group in age(48.27±9.27 vs 48.48±9.36, t=0.238,P=0.812) or nationallity (181 Han people and 44 Hui people vs 184 Han people and 41 Hui people, x2=0.131, P=0.718).②The subjects of study conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principles.③The genotype and allele distribution of the above seven SNPs were not significantly different between cases group and control group of Hui and Han nationalities.Conclusion The seven SNPs mentioned above may not be related to breast cancer among people Hui and Han nationalities.

2h.The shape of bacterium was changed by amikacin from sphero-rhabditiform to dolicho-rhabditiform,while by ceftriaxone changed from rhabditiform to long-chain-form or filament-form.Conclusion The capability of ceftriaxone-induced release of endotoxin from Escherichia coli is significantly stronger than that of amikacin,and the morphologic changes of bacteria caused by ceftriaxone were more significant.For clinical treatmentg of infectious diseases the first dosage of medication should increase to reach the effective bactericidal concentration but not the bacteriostasis concentration in order to receive better therapeutic effects.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence rate of the ampC gene and AmpC enzyme of gram-negative(G-) bacterium in children,to analyze drug resistance of produced AmpC enzyme and un-produced AmpC enzyme strain.METHO_DS: 4 022 clinical G-isolates collected from 2002 to 2004 were identified and tested using K-B method.Selection 108 ESBLs bacterium,the ampC genes were amplified by PCR using common primers to AmpC and the AmpC enzymes were tested using the enzymatic rough extraction cefoxitin three-dimensional test.The drug resistance of bacterium produced AmpC enzymes were compared with the ones without AmpC enzymes.RESULTS: In 108 G-bacterium,the ampC genes positive bacterium were 70 strain(accounting for 64.8%),and 7 bacterium produced AmpC enzymes(accounting for 6.5%) were detected.The drug resistance of bacterium produced AmpC enzymes to ceftazidime(CAZ),ceftriaxone(CRO),piperacillin(PIP),ampicillin(AMP),aztreonam(ATM) were 85.7%,85.7%,71.4%,79.4%,79.4% respectively.The drug resistance of bacterium non-produced AmpC enzymes to CRO,PIP,gentamicin,AMP,ATM were 50.8%,55.6%,55.6%,70.3%,54.0% respectively,the drug resistance of bacterium to imipenem were the lowest,lower to ciprofloxacin.CONCLUSIONS: Detection rate of ampC gene were higher than AmpC-producing enzymes strains obviously,whereas the drug resistance to antibiotic of AmpC-producing enzymes strains were higher than non-producing enzymes strains.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Interleukin-11 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Thrombopoietin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of different root canal irrigants and cements on coronal microleakage and the interaction effects after cementing metal post-cores.

METHODSNinety newly extracted single-rooted mandibular human premolars were endodontically treated. Post spaces were prepared in the root canals, and Co-Cr post-cores were cast routinely. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 15) via a two-way factorial design method. The irrigant factors (A) included A1: no irrigant (75% alcohol wiping), A2: 3% H2O2 + 0.9% NaCl, and A3: 15% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) + 5.25% NaClO. The cement factors (B) included B1: zinc polycarboxylate cement, and B2: glass ionomer cement. The specimens received treatments based on the grouping of A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, A2B2, A3B1, and A3B2. All samples were sectioned longitudinally after being immersed in India ink for three weeks. The microleakages were observed using a stereomicroscope. The SPSS 13.0 software package was used for factorial analysis.

RESULTSThe mean microleakage scores and standard deviations were as follows: Group A1BI: (1,192.59 +/- 417.84) microm, Group A1B2: (1,317.38 +/- 527.35) microm, Group A2B1: (1,429.33 +/- 482.68) microm, Group A2B2: (1,026.79 +/- 459.49) microm, Group A3B1: (1,448.29 +/- 561.02) microm, and Group A3B2: (1,922.47 +/- 678.86) microm. The A2B2 group showed minimum microleakage, whereas the A3B2 group showed maximum microleakage. The microleakage degrees among different irrigants presented significant statistical difference (P < 0.05), but the two cements showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). An interactive effect on the microleakage existed between the irrigants and the cements after cementing the metal post-cores (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWhen cementing metal post-cores, the coronal microleakage following 3% H2O2 + 0.9% NaCl irrigation combined with glass ionomer cement can be reduced. The combined application of 15% EDTA + 5.25% NaClO and glass ionomer cement significantly aggravates microleakage.

Cementation ; Dental Cements ; Dental Leakage ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Metals ; Post and Core Technique ; Resin Cements ; Root Canal Irrigants

Objective To establish a method of PKH26 labeled bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into rats with liver fibrosis and observe cell immigration and differentiation in the liver after transplantation.Methods Bone marrow-derived EPCs were isolated and cultured from rats with liver fibrosis,and then labeled with PKH26 in vitro.Under the scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry,PKH26 fluorescent labeling rate and cell survival rate were measured.EPCs of PKH26 fluorescent labeling were transplanted into rats with liver fibrosis via the tail vein,and the migration situation was observed in the liver.Endothelial cell markers CD31 and von willebrand factor (vWF) were detected by using immunofluorescence.Results The PKH26-labeled EPCs appeared red fluorescence and the labeling rate was 96.65 ％.As compared with unlabeled cells,the labeled cells grew well,and had no significant changes in the growth curve.After transplantation into the liver of rats,the PKH26 labeled cells were mainly distributed in blood vessel endothelium along fibers and hepatic sinusoids in hepatic lobule.Endothelial cell-specific antigens such as CD31 and vWF could be detected along the vascular walls.Conclusion PKH26 could be used to label and track EPCs in the liver of rats with liver fibrosis in vitro.The PKH26-labeled cells may migrate to the surrounding of the hepatic vessels and differentiate into mature endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of sustained abdominal aorta compression (SAAC) method combined with sim-plex chest compression (SCC) on partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2 ) ,return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) ,resuscita-tion success rate and 24 h survival rate of the cardiac arrest model in domestic swines .Methods 20 healthy domestic swines were randomly divided into two groups ;the standard cadiopulmonary resuscitation group (S-CPR) by adopting SCC and the SAAC-CPR group by adopting SCC combined with SAAC during the resuscitation process .The cardiac arrest model was established by the ven-tricular fibrillation induced through the right atrium electrode alternating current stimulation .After 9 min of untreated interval ,CPR was performed .The two groups were firstly given SCC ,after 30 s ,the SAAC-CPR group was added with SAAC .PETCO2 ,coronary perfusion pressure(CPP) ,ROSC rate ,resuscitation success rates ,and 24 h survival rate were compared between the two groups .Re-sults PETCO2 in the SAAC-CPR group was higher than that during the SCC period in the SAAC-CPR group and in the S-CPR group during CPR[(22 .50 ± 3 .17 )mm Hg vs .(11 .80 ± 2 .57) mm Hg ,(13 .40 ± 3 .53) mm Hg ,P<0 .01)] .CPP in the SAAC-CPR group was also higher than that during SCC in the SAAC-CPR group and the S-CPR group[(50 .30 ± 6 .49) mm Hg vs .(14 . 12 ± 3 .01)mm Hg ,(14 .62 ± 2 .59)mm Hg ,P<0 .01)] .3 cases in the S-CPR group and 9 cases in the SAAC-CPR group restored ROSC within 3 times defibrillation ,succeeded in resuscitation after 20 min ROSC and underwent 24 h survival .The ROSC rate ,the resuscitation success rate and the 24 h survival rate in the SAAC-CPR group were significantly higher than those in the S-CPR group(P<0 .05) .No abdominal viscera damage was found in post mortem examinations of all the swines subjects .Conclusion SAAC combined with SCC can elevate PETCO2 ,CPP ,ROSC ,resuscitation success rate and 24 h survival rate ,which is conducive to CPR ,safe and easy to operate .

BACKGROUND:Theoretically, bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from liver fibrosis rats could be filtered by the pathological environment in vivo. These EPCs would be more adapted to the micro-environment of liver fibrosis, and easier to differentiate into mature endothelial cells participating in the intrahepatic vascular remodeling after transplanted into the liver.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effectiveness of transplantation of bone marrow-derived EPCs from the liver fibrosis environment in liver fibrosis rats.METHODS:Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows:normal group (n=8) were injected with olive oil, twice per week; model group (n=10) were infused with carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 3 mL/kg body weight (double doses for the first time), twice per week, and infused with normal saline through the tail vein at 2, 3 and 5 weeks; EPCs transplantation group (n=10) were infused with carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 3 mL/kg body weight (double doses for the first time), twice per week, and infused with EPCs suspension through the tail vein at 2, 3 and 5 weeks. Six weeks after final injection, the angiogenesis, hepatocyte proliferation and pathological changes in the liver tissues were observed. The liver function and coagulation function were tested.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The pathological changes of the liver:in the model group, fatty degeneration and hepatocyte necrosis in the liver tissue were serious, inflammatory cells were infiltrated around the portal and central vein,the portal areas expanded, and fibrous tissues overgrew. Compared with the model group, these changes were significantly relieved in the EPCs transplantation group (P < 0.05). (2) The expressions of liver-related proteins:compared with the normal group, the levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, type III procollagen, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor were significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin and type III procollagen were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor were increased in the EPCs transplantation group (P < 0.05). (3) Liver function and coagulation function:compared with the normal group, the liver function and blood blotting function of rats were seriously damaged in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group,the liver function and coagulation function were obviously improved in the EPCs transplantation group (P < 0.05). To conclude, transplantation of bone marrow-derived EPCs from the liver fibrosis environment is effective for liver fibrosis in rats. The mechanism may be associated with the promotion of angiogenesis in the liver.