Aged ; Atropine ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Muscarinic Antagonists ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Preoperative Care ; methods ; Quinuclidines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effects of modified anterolateral approach and traditional approach in treating distal tibiofibula fractures.

METHODSFrom September 2009 to December 2012,45 patients with distal tibiofibula fractures were performed reduction and interal fixation with modified anterolateral and traditional approaches. According to Ruedi-All-gower classification, 12 cases were type I ,26 cases were type II, 7 cases were type III. Among 45 patients,there were 16 males and 7 females with an average age of (36.3 +/- 7.2) years old (ranged from 23 to 47) years old in advanced group; while there were 14 males and 8 females with an average of (33.8 +/- 6.4) years old (ranged from 25 to 45) in tradtional group. Operation time, blood loss, complications of incision were compared, and AOFAS scores were evaluated.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 6 to 36 months with an average of 21.7 months. In traditional group, operation time was (74.7 +/- 9.9) min, blood loss was (94.4 +/- 10.4) ml, and (73.7 +/- 10.0) min, (100.8 +/- 12.1) ml in advanced group,there was no significant meaning between two groups (P > 0.05); complications of insicion of advanced group was better than that of traditional group (chi2 = 4.078, P < 0.05); AOFAS score in advanced group (86.1 +/- 9.4) was better than that of traditional group, and had significant meaning (t = 3.787, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONModified anterolateral group,which has advantages of rapid recovery, less complications, is a good choice for closed distal tibiofibula fractures.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the expression of transcription factor BACH2 on PBMC in patients with coronary artery disease( CAD) and discuss its significance and role.Methods:The circulating levels of BACH2 and TLR4 in PBMC were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot separately.Serum levels of signature cytokines of T-helper cells,cytokines and ox-LDL were evaluated by ELISA.The data among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Correlation between variables were subjected to linear regression analysis.Results:The expression level of BACH2 down-regulated and TLR4 up-regulated significantly in PBMCs of ACS patients had significantly higher concentrations of serum ox-LDL,cytokines of TH1 cells,TH2 cells and TH17 cells and low level of cytokine of Treg cells.Negative correlation exists significantly between BACH2 and TLR4 in patients with CAD and between BACH2 and IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17,and between BACH2 and ox-LDL in serum.However, positive correlation exists significantly between BACH2 and TGF-β1.Conclusion:Increased serum concentrations of ox-LDL probably down-regulated the expression of BACH2 in ACS patients by activating TLR4 on PBMC, resulting in promoting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing production of anti-inflammatory cytokine and then might cause ACS.

Small cell lung cancer is the most common primary neuroendocrine malignancy of the lung and is characterized by high malignant degree,rapid doubling time,easy metastasis in early stage and poor prognosis.Accurate staging of small cell lung cancer can formulate personalized therapeutic plans and improve the prognosis of patients.PET/CT can obtain metabolism and anatomical images of the whole body in one scan and improve the diagnostic accuracy and integrity.PET/CT has been widely applied to clinical practice now.PET/CT will play a more and more important role in diagnosis,staging,treatment and prognosis assessment of patients with small cell lung cancer.The value of PET/CT in staging and treatment of small cell lung cancer was reviewed in this article.

OBJECTIVETo study the acute toxicity of the water extracts (ERWE) and 60% ethanol extracts (EREE) from different processed products of Radix Polygalae (crude Radix Polygalae, licorice, and honey processed Radix Polygalae), thus providing scientific evidence for toxicity study of Radix Polygalae and its safe clinical application.

METHODSThe ERWE and EREE were prepared from different processed products of Radix Polygalae. Their contents of saponins were respectively determined. The poisoning condition and death of the mice administered with ERWE and EREE by gastrogavage were observed within fourteen days. The modified Karber's method was used to calculate LD50 and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTSThe EREE of licorice processed Radix Polygalae had the maximum toxicity with highest content of saponins, while the ERWE of honey processed Radix Polygalae had the minimum toxicity with lowest content of saponins.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent processing methods have effects on the contents of saponins in Radix Polygalae. The experiment showed that the toxicity of Radix Polygalae is in direct proportion to the content of saponins. The higher the saponins contents, the higher the toxicity.

Animals ; Female ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Plant Extracts ; toxicity ; Polygala ; Saponins ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests, Acute

BACKGROUNDOlfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) can promote many kinds of neuron growth and axonal extension. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of co-culturing with OECs on neuron apoptosis in vitro.

METHODSApoptosis was induced by treatment of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons with 1 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Cells were randomly arranged into the following treatment groups. In group 1, OECs at different density (10(4)/ml to 8 x 10(5)/ml) were added immediately after H(2)O(2) treatment and cells were co-cultured for 24 hours. In group 2, OECs were added at different time points (0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours) after H(2)O(2) treatment. Apoptotic cell death was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry (FCM). Cell viability was determined by using methyl thiazoleterazolium (MTT) assays.

RESULTSThe results showed in the Hoechest 33258 staining, FCM and MTT that OECs have both the density-dependent protection and time-dependent protection on neuron apoptosis. The apoptosis decreased and the dorsal root ganglion neuron viability increased, when the density of OECs was increased in co-culture groups. But further increasing OEC density above 2 x 10(5)/ml (i.e. 8 x 10(5)/ml) failed to exert additional protection. As the interval between adding H(2)O(2) and adding OECs was increased, the amounts of apoptosis cells were also increased. When OECs were added 24 hours after H(2)O(2), no significant protection was observed.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that OECs could protect dorsal root ganglion neurons from apoptosis induced by H(2)O(2) in a density- and time-dependent manner.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Ganglia, Spinal ; cytology ; drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; toxicity ; Male ; Olfactory Bulb ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Objective To observe if fluoxetine has a potency to inhibit the progression of Lewis lung cancer by combining the fluoxetine and cisplatin to treat the mice bearing Lewis lung cancer with depression .Methods We devel-oped a mouse model of Lewis lung cancer with depression which was intervened with cisplatin and fluoxetine , and the indi-cators related to cancer and depression were tested .Social interaction test was used to measure the behavioral changes of the depressed model mice .The serum cortisol and IL-6, BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus , and NF-κB and VEGF in the tumor tissue were selected for investigation and comparison .Results The mice which were induced by social defeat exhib-ited social avoidance behavior in the social interaction test .The cortisol and IL-6 level in both combination groups was de-creased compared with that in the model group (P<0.05), and the cortisol and BDNF mRNA in the combination group in-creased signifuicantly ( P <0.05 ) .There were no statistically significant differences in the tumor weight , NF-κB and VEGF in tumor tissues between the single and combination groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Fluoxetine has antidepres-sant effect by decreasing the high level of serum cortisol and promoting the BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus . However , fluoxetine is not found to have the potency to inhibit the expression of NF -κB related with the progression of tumor.

Objective To investigate CT signs of peripheral small cell lung cancer (SCLC).Methods The CT signs of 78 patients with SCLC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively reviewed.According to the presence of mediastinal lymph node metastasis and its size, 78 cases of peripheral SCLC were divided into two types: typeⅠ(isolated lesion) and typeⅡ(lung lesion + lymph nodes).Type Ⅱwere divided into two subtypes:type Ⅱa (short diameter of lymph nodes of pulmonary hilar and mediastinum less than 10 mm) and type Ⅱ b (short diameter of lymph nodes of pulmonary hilar and mediastinum greater than or equal to 10 mm).Results Of the 78 SCLCs, typeⅠwas 7 cases, and typeⅡwas 71 cases,including 8 cases of typeⅡa and 63 cases of typeⅡb.All of the lesions were soild density.The shape were round or oval in 52 cases, vermicular or spindlein 9 cases, and other shapes in 17 cases.Among 71 cases performed CT enhancement, there were 9 cases with homogeneous enhancement, 58 cases with heterogeneous enhancement, 4 cases with non-enhancement large necrosis area.These cases showed the following CT signs: smooth edge in 65 cases, coarse edge in 12 cases, blurred edge in 1 case;air bronchogram in 3 cases, vacuole sign in 4 cases, calcification in 4 cases;lobulation sign in 46 cases, spiculated sign in 5 cases;thickening of the bronchovascular bundle in 41 cases, pleural indentation in 6 cases, marginal ground-glass opacity in 5 cases, vascular convergence sign in 1 case;emphysema in 42 cases;obstructive pneumonia in 4 cases;bronchus abruptly interruption on the edge of the nodules in 18 cases;enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes in 63 cases, the diameter of mediastinal lymph nodes larger than the primary lesions in 42 cases;and a little pleural effusion in 9 cases.Conclusion Solid density, smooth margin with lobulation,and significantly enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes are common signs in peripheral SCLC.Thickening of the bronchovascular bundle indicates reletively advanced stage.

Background The incidence of retinal vascular diseases increase annually,such as diabetic retinopathy,retinopathy of prematurity and age-related macular degeneration.The key of treatment for these diseases is how to evaluate retinal vascular change effectively and objectively.Retro-orbital injection of fluorescein isothiocyanatedextran (FITC-dextran) is a simple and effective method for observing C57BL/6J mouse retinal vessels.But,whether it is suitable for other mice and rats is seldom reported.Objective This experiment was to assess the feasibility of the observation of retinal vessels by retro-orbital injection of FITC-dextran in different genus of mouse and offer the reference for relevant study.Methods Twelve animals of C57BL/6J mice,Kunming mice,SD rats and Wistar rats were selected,respectively and divided into the experimental group and control group at average.The right eyes of the animals of the experimental group received the retro-orbital injection of 9 ml/kg FITC-dextran,and the right eyes of animals of the control group received PBS solution at the same volume and way.All the animals were sacrificed 10 seconds after injection and both eyes of each animal were obtained for retinal stretched preparation.The retrobulbar tissue and whole-mount retina were viewed under a fluorescence microscope.The use of the animals complied with Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Retinal blood vessels labeled by FITC-dextran could be observed in both eyes of C57BL/6J mice and Kunming mice to present with a green fluorescence in experimental group under a fluorescence microscope,but no any fluorescence-labeled retinal blood vessel was exhibited in the control mice.The retinal blood vessel could not be observed in all eyes of SD rats and Wistar rats after the injection of FITC-dextran both in the experimental group and the control group under a fluorescence microscope.The surrounding tissues of the right eyes of mice and rats dyed with green fluorescence of FITC-dextran in the experimental group,however,green fluorescence could not be seen in the surrounding tissues of the left eyes of mice and rats.Conclusions Retro-orbital injection of FITC-dextran is a suitable method of observing the retinal vessels of mouse but not rat.