Objective To analyze the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1),p16 proteins and DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ α (TOPO Ⅱ α) in cervical cancer and their clinical significances.Methods A total of 181 paraffin-embedded operating specimens and the biopsy including 106 cervical squamous cell carcinoma,30 high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN),30 low grade CIN and 33 normal cervical were selected from January 2014 to December 2015.An immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the expression of PD-L1,p16 and TOPO Ⅱ α.Results The positive rate of PD-L1 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 66.0 ％ (70/106),but it was not expressed in high grade CIN,low grade CIN and normal cervical tissues,the differences were statistically significant (all P =0.000).Whereas,in squamous cell carcinoma,the positive rate of PD-L1 in poor differentiation group [77.3 ％ (51/66)] was higher than that in middle or high differentiation group [56.5 ％ (21/40)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.02,P =0.01).According to the FIGO stage,the positive rate in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ group [54.9 ％ (28/51)] was lower than that in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ group [76.4 ％ (42/55)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =5.47,P =0.02).But there was no statistical significance in lesion size or lymph node metastasis (both P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of p16 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 99.1％ (105/ 106),in high grade CIN was 86.7 ％ (26/30),in low grade CIN was 26.7 ％ (8/30),and no expression in normal cervical tissues,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.001).The expression of p16 had no relationship with histological differentiation,FIGO stage,lesion size,and lymph node metastasis (all P ＞ 0.05).The positive expression rate of TOPO Ⅱ α in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 97.2 ％ (103/106),compared with that in high grade CIN [73.3 ％ (22/30)],low grade CIN [66.7 ％ (20/30)],and normal cervical tissues (no expression),the differences were statistically significant (all P =0.000).But there was nosignificant difference in the positive expression rate of TOPOⅡ α between high grade and low grade CIN (x2 =0.32,P =0.570).The expression of TOPO 1Ⅱ α had no relationship with histological differentiation,FIGO stage,lesion size and lymph node metastasis (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of PD-L1,p16 and TOPO Ⅱ α is associated with the invasion of cervical cancer.PD-L1 may be an immune checkpoint for the treatment of patients with invasive cervical cancer.

The immense potency of bioactive molecules of human breast milk and importance of breastfeeding is known worldwide.Less attention has been paid on the cellular constituents and properties of breast milk.In the past decade,a research has been done by multidimensional approach to investigat the cells human milk.Technological advances have played an important role in this work,which has resulted in the breakthrough discovery of breast milk stem cells with self renewal and multilineage potentials.Regenerative medicine may benefit from utilizing these cells.Breast milk stem cells are transferred to the offspring during breastfeeding.This contributes substantially to infant health.This review summarizes the current knowledge on the potential of breast milk stem cells,with emphasis on their origin,properties and future applications.

Recently ,metabolic surgery has received much concern for its notable and everlasting effectiveness on glucose control ,weight loss and other metabolic disorders and concomitant diseases. Previous clinical practice and guidelines mostly focused on surgical indications ,especially BM I cut‐off point. In recent years ,BMI cut‐off point in guidelines has shown a downtrend and BMI cut‐off value has tended to become obscure ,which harvested from that clinical staff have realized the importance of comprehensive control for long‐term multiple metabolism and risk factors and overall benefit of the patients through increased clinical evidences and no longer limited to the improvement of obesity and diabetes itself.

Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase(ACO) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the ?-oxidation of dicarboxylic acid in Candida tropicalis . Using strains with low Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase activity to produce dicarboxylic acid on an industrial scale will facilitates the improvement of the yield and purity of dicarboxylic acid. In this research, we improved the method of Allain, so as to determine the activity of Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase from Candida tropicalis easily and correctly. This method can be used as quantity criterion in the screen of industrial strains of dicarboxylic acid production, and this work established the basic of character study of Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase. We determined the activities of Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase from a series of Candida tropicalis strains with different ability of dicarboxylic acid production, and found the obvious relationship of ACO activity and ability of acid production.

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVEThe changes of pain threshold and expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats were observed after targetedly damaged the cerebraspinal fluid-contacting nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus) to provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of regulating pain CSF-contacting nucleus involved in.

METHODSMale adult SD rats were divided into control, sham, choleratoxin subunit B conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase (CB-HRP)and damage groups randomly. The pain threshold using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were recorded and analyzed. Immunofluorescence method was used to observe the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn.

RESULTSCompared with the control, sham and CB-HRP groups, the MWT and TWL of the damage group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence showed that 5-HT was detected in neurons of CSF-contacting nucleus. In the damage group, the number of neurons of CSF-contacting nucleus reduced gradually, and no survived neurons were observed at the 10th day. Meanwhile, both the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn increased gradually, and negatively correlated with the change of pain threshold.

CONCLUSIONThe method of targeted damaging CSF-contacting nucleus by cholera toxin subnit B conjugated with saporin(CB-SAP) is scientific and reliable, and it results in the changes of pain threshold and expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats. This study suggests that CSF-contacting nucleus participate in the regulation of pain, moreover, 5-HT and c-Fos play important roles in this regulation.

Animals ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Male ; Pain ; metabolism ; surgery ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo explore the accuracy of judging the T-staging of rectal cancer by biplane transrectal ultrasound.MethodsPathological enteroscopic biopsy was carried out for 197 cases of rectal cancer.Cases of middle and lower rectal cancer without serious obstruction were examined by means of transrectal biplane ultrasound through which to observe the changes of the echoes and to detect the depth of the infiltration in the intestinal walls and the presence of invasions in prostate glands,seminal in male or vesicles,uterine cervix in female.On the basis of the findings,the preoperative tumor staging was made.Postoperatively,the ultrasound results were compared with the pathological examination.Their consistency was evaluated by using Kappa test.ResultsTransrectal biplane ultrasound examination showed the total accuracy rate in T-staging of rectal cancer was as high as 83.8％ with the diagnostic sensitivity rate for T1to T4 as 77.8 ％,73.1％,89.3％ and 94.4％,while its diagnostic specificity rate degree was 97.3％,93.1 ％,85.1 ％,97.8％ respectively,The k -value was 0.732 which suggested that the ultrasound staging was highly consistent with the pathological staging(P＜0.05).ConclusionsTransrectal biplane ultrasound has a great value in the preoperative T-staging of rectal cancer and is helpful in the planning of treatment.

Objective To evaluate the value of calcium-based quantitative spectral CT imaging in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods Totally 82 patients with 98 thyroid nodules confirmed by pathology underwent unenhanced and dual-phase enhanced spectral CT scans before operation.Thyroid nodules were divided into malignant group (61 nodules) and benign group (37 nodules),according to histopathologic results.Besides,contralateral normal thyroid tissue of 50 patients was selected as normal group.The calcium concentration of malignant,benign and normal group in non-enhanced scanning was analysed.The optimal threshold to predict malignancy and the corresponding diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were obtained by ROC curve.Results The calcium concentrations for malignant, benign and normal group in non-enhanced scanning were (5.52±2.72) mg/cm3, (10.72±4.68) mg/cm3 and (24.66±7.58) mg/cm3 respectively.There were significant differences statistically in any two groups (P<0.001).For malignant thyroid nodules, the best diagnostic threshold of calcium concentration was 6.065 mg/cm3,and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 65.6% and 91.9% respectively.Conclusion Spectral CT imaging can quantitatively assess the calcium concentration of thyroid nodules,which provides promising quantitative approach for distinguishing malignant thyroid nodules from benign nodules.

Objective: To obtain a strain which has stronger antagonistic effect against Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), and then to study the antagonistic effect of the fermentation filtrate of the strains. Method:Surface soil samples were harvested and used in an in vitro bacteria culture system for screening of antagonistic strains against Streptococcus mutans. Ferment filtrate of the strains was respectively prepared and the antagonism of the filtrate against S. mutans was examined.Result:A strain with strong restrain effect on Streptococcus mutans was found and was identified to be Bacillus licheniformis. The strain was named strain 1#. At pH 7.0, 150 r/min and constant temperature of 30 ℃ cultivated for 24 hours,the antagonistic energy of ferment filtrate was 1 500 IU/ml,the ferment filtrate showed strong heat stability, at 37 ℃ for 1 hour, the activity decreased by 35%; at 60 ℃ for 30 min, by 47%, for 1 h, by 50%, at 100 ℃,the activity maintained 39%.The optimum pH for the activity of the ferment filtrate was 7.0, at pH 3.0, the activity kept 70% and at pH 11.0, 65%.Conclusion:The fermentation filtrate of strain 1# of Bacillus licheniformis is antagonistic against S. mutans.