Objective:To investigate medical students' views on College English curriculum system, teaching methods and their needs for follow-up English courses, so as to provide reference for setting College English curriculum system.Methods:In January 2018, 2 000 non-English major undergraduates from Batch 2013-2017 in Xi'an Medical University were surveyed by the questionnaire of College English Curriculum System of Xi'an Medical College released on the website of WJX.com, and the questionnaire data were statistically analyzed in real time.Results:A total of 1 815 questionnaires were collected and the valid rate was 90.75%. It was shown that three top-listed reasons for English learning were "to pass CET-4/6 or other English examinations and obtain corresponding certificates (1 366, 75.26%)", "to prepare for future career (1 093, 60.22%)", and "to prepare for postgraduate entrance examination (1 060, 58.4%)". A large proportion of the students expected "reading, writing, translation and other skills training" and "oral practice and cross-cultural knowledge learning", accounting for 78.51% (1 425) and 65.84% (1 195) respectively. 68.76% of the students (1 248) endorsed the necessity of "courses on humanistic English or EGAP (English for general academic purposes) in medicine".Conclusion:The current single college English curriculum system and teaching methods can not meet the learning needs of medical students. It is necessary to explore the construction of a multi-level College English curriculum system that highlights the characteristics of medical colleges and meets the needs of different majors under the guidance of College English Teaching Guide.

Occlusal-maxillo-facial structural change of crossbite malocclusion after orthodontic therapy by modified ACTIVATOR appliance was investigated. Eighty crossbite cases of deciduous dentition and mixed dentition were treated by modified ACTIVATOR. Through pre- and post-treatment analysis of stone model, Schuller's position X-ray and craniofaciometrics, the change in craniofacial length, width and height in early-phase crossbite malocclusion was studied. The results showed that there was no significant change in the width of maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Maxillary length and protrusion was increased significantly, upper incisors slopped labially. The lower incisors slopped lingually, mental angle decreased more severely. The lower and posterior facial height was increased to normal level.
Cephalometry ; Dental Arch/anatomy & histology ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentition, Mixed ; Malocclusion/*therapy ; Maxilla/*anatomy & histology ; Maxilla/growth & development ; *Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Orthodontics, Corrective/*instrumentation ; Orthodontics, Interceptive/instrumentation ; Tooth, Deciduous

Objective To study the clinic effect and safety of inhaled nitric oxide for the neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure. Methods A total of 21 neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure were trea-ted with nitric oxide inhalation after ineffective treatment of conventional mechanical ventilation. The values of mean airway pressure( MAP) ,oxygenation index( OI) ,mean blood pressure and saturation of blood oxy-gen percutem( TcSaO2 ) were detected before and after nitric oxide inhalation. Meanwhile,the values of coag-ulation function,nitrogen dioxide concentration and methaemoglobin were monitored. Results The lung oxy-genation of 21 cases were significantly improved in 48 hours after nitric oxide inhalation,OI declined from 26. 600 ±4. 169 to 7. 500 ±1. 716,MAP decreased from(15. 100 ±2. 132)cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0. 098 kPa) to (8. 000 ± 0. 816) cmH2O,which all had statistical differences(P <0. 01). The monitoring of coagulation function was in the normal range. The levels of methaemoglobin were less than 3% and nitrogen dioxide less than 1 × 10 -6 . In this study,18 neonates survived,2 neonates died and 1 neonate gave up treatment. Conclu-sion Inhaled nitric oxide early can improve oxygenation effectively for neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure without obvious side-effect. However,it is not yet clear for its long-term prognosis and whether there is influence development of the nervous system.

The effect of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, at various stages of the bonding procedure using a new self-etch primer was studied. The samples were divided into 4 groups according to 4 different enamel surface conditions: Group A: dry; Group B: saliva contamination before priming; Group C: saliva contamination after priming, and Group D: saliva contamination before and after priming. Stainless steel brackets were bonded in each test group with a light-cured composite resin (TransbondXT 3M). The shear bond strength was determined in the first 30 min after bonding. The analysis of variance indicated that the shear bond strengths of the 4 groups were significantly different (F = 11.89, P < 0.05). Tukey HSD tests indicated that contamination both before and after the application of the acid-etch primer resulted in a significantly lower (=4.6 +/- 1.7 MPa) shear bond strength than either the control group (=8. 8 +/- 1.9 MPa) or the groups where contamination occurred either before ( = 7.9 +/- 2.0 MPa) or after (= 6. 9 +/- 1.5 MPa) the application of the primer. It was concluded that the new acid-etch primer could maintain adequate shear bond strength if contamination occurred either before or after the application of the primer. On the other hand, contamination both before and after the application of the primer could significantly reduce the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
Acid Etching, Dental ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Saliva ; Shear Strength

AIM: To explore the anatomical changes of the optic nerve head in cats after radial optic neurotomy (RON).METHODS: The normal anatomic data were obtained from 12 healthy cats. A total of 18 healthy cats were used in the experiment, which were divided into four groups: each operative group was executed at the :Lst, 15th, 30th, 90th day after undergoing RON unilaterally.(six in 1st group). The enucleated eyes of each operative group were cut section routinely and embedded in paraffin, the cross sections were stained by special staining.RESULTS: At the 1st day after operation, the incision came into being and connected with cerebral subarachnoid space of orbital optic nerve. At 15th day, incision was fusiform and hyperplastic neuroglial cells and fibroblasts aggregated at the incision. At 30th day, there was obvious proliferation of type fibril at the neurotomy. The aligned texture of collagen fibril of the lamina cribrosa near the incision was moved close to each other. At the 90th day, a discrete scar was noted at the site which reached the cribriform and sclera.CONCLUSION: RON can cut scleral ring and piamater of optic nerve sharply. The incision of RON connects with subarachnoid space of orbital optic nerve and becomes broaden gradually at the site of scleral ring. The potential role of incision of RON is relevant to the subject.

Background Lowing intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only effective treating method in glaucoma.Making sure the change of optic disc parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients after IOP reduced can provide objective evidence for evaluating the effect of lowing-IOP on the function of optic nerve.Objective The present study was to evaluate the change of optic disc parameters and RNFLT in POAG patients after trabeculectomy,and analyze the affecting factors of image parameters.Methods A serial case-observational study was adapted.Forty eyes of 39 patients with POAG underwent trabeculectomy were recruited in the study.IOP was examined and perimetry was performed before operation and 2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery.Optical parameters and RNFLT were measured using Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in above-mentioned time points.The correlations between lowing-IOP range or disease severity and optical disc parameters or mean RNFLT (mRNFLT) were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.Results Mean IOP of the 40 eyes was (32.77±8.64) mmHg before operation and (12.45 ±3.65) mmHg,(13.05±3.90) mmHg,(13.42± 3.33) mmHg,(14.22± 2.60) mmHg and (14.74±2.46)mmHg 2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after operation,with a significant difference among various time points (F=13.73,P =0.00).However,no significant difference was seen in the mean defect of perimetry among the different time points (F=1.02,P=0.41).The cup area (CA),cup/disc area ratio (C/DAR),cup volume (CV),mean cup depth (MCD),cup shape measurement (CSM),horizontal C/D,vertical C/D,rim area (RA),rim/disc area ratio (R/DAR),height variation contour (HVC),rim volume (RV),mRNFLT,RNFL cross sectional area (RNFLA) were gradually improved after operation in comparison with before operation.One year after operation,RV,CSM,mRNFLT,RNFLA were still increased,but vertical C/D was reduced after operation than that of before (P＜0.05).No significant differences were found in the whole mRNFLT and superior quadrant mRNFLT,inferior quadrant mRNFLT,nasal quadrant mRNFLT and temporal quadrant mRNFLT among before and after operation (F=1.63,P=0.16; F=0.51,P=0.77; F=1.44,P=0.20;F=1.02,P=0.32; F=1.31,P=0.30).Positive correlations were found between lowing-IOP range and the improvement of RV,CSM,vertical C/D (r =0.45,P =0.02; r=0.41,P=0.04; r=0.58,P=0.00),and negative correlations were seen between absolute value of MD and the improvement of RV,CSM 1 year after operation (r=-0.43,P=0.03; r=-0.62,P=0.00).Conclusions Reduction of IOP after trabeculectomy results in the reversal of optic disc parameters.The improvement of the optic disc parameters may be a protective factor for progression of glaucomatous optical nerve damage.

Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

The expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN), and collagen Ⅳ in human mesangial cells were augmented with increased concentrations of glucose.Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) at concentrations of 40-160 nmol/L significantly inhibited TGF-β1 expression in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01).PEDF at concentrations of 5-40 nmol/L significantly decreased FN and collagen Ⅳ expressions in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01) ,suggesting that PEDF may play a salutary role in diabetic nephropathy by its antifibrogenic activity.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Heart Failure ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To observe HSP70 expression during experimental tooth movement in rats.Methods:Orthodontic appliance was placed between the maxillary right first molar and maxillary central incisors of 30 adult SD rats.The rats were killed at 1,3,5,7,14 d after orthodontic force application,samples of experimental teeth with periodontal tissue were prepared for immunohistochemical examination of HSP70 expression.Result:Strong expression of HSP 70 in periodontal ligment was observed at 1 and 3 d after orthodontic force application,positive at 5 d and weak positive at 7 and 14 d.Conclusion:HSP 70 is expressed in periodontal ligment at different levels in different stages during orthodontic tooth movement.